Uhlobo lwe-Episia (i-Latin Episcia Mart) luyintsapho yaseGesnerian. Udibanisa, ngokwemiqathango eyahlukeneyo, iindidi ezingama-30-40 zezityalo. Ziyakhula kwimimandla yasempuma yaseCentral naseMzantsi Melika. Ezi zityalo ezihlambulukileyo zinezityalo ezinwabuzelayo (i-tuber-shaped) ezingaphansi komhlaba ezineentsimbi ze-aerial; amahlumela ashicilelo. Amaqabunga ayedwa okanye ayaphambene; ifom evulekileyo, edaywe. Iintyatyambo zowesifazane zihlelwe ngamathambo okanye zinyunyiweyo, zifakwe kwiitoni ezimhlophe okanye eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-tubular, kunye neentambo ezihlanu. U-Episia uyisityalo sokuhlobisa, esilula ukucoceka, kunye nabaqalayo bangakwazi ukuhlangabezana ngokulula. Zinamaqabunga amahle kakhulu kunye neentyatyambo ezintle.
Iintlobo
Iimbali zeentyantyambo, izimo ezichazwe apha ngezantsi, igumbi elithandwa kakhulu. Ilizwe lakhe libhekwa njengeMexico. Esi sityalo esitshisayo, sisisigxina, sineentlobo ezimbini zezihluma: zithiniwe ngamaqabunga ahlukeneyo kunye namancinane. Umva wokugqibela ubumnyama kunye nobudala, kwiindawo ezibonakalayo zibonakala zintsimbi kunye neentombi ze-rosettes. Amagqabi amancinci ama-3 cm ubude kunye no-2 cm ububanzi. Ubume bamaqabunga ahlukeneyo - ukusuka elliptical ukuya kwi-oven. Iqabunga leqabunga lincinci emgceni, obumnyama obumbala kunye nomsila ophakathi kombala obomvu, i-velvety pubescent kunye ne-short villi. Ientyatyambo ezingaqhelekanga zimhlophe, kwi-pharynx ngamachashaza anombala obomvu, kunye nomda wecala unomphetho. Le entlobo inezintlu zokuhlobisa kakhulu.
Iimeko zityalo
Ukukhanyisa. Iintyatyambo ze-clavicle zithandi ilanga elithe ngqo, zithanda ukukhanya okusabalalisa. Indawo efanelekileyo yokubeka kuyo iifestile ezisentshonalanga neempuma. Ngokuqhelekileyo ikhula kwiwindow esenyakatho. Kwifestile elingasentla, isityalo kufuneka sibekwe kude kwiwindow okanye senze ukukhanya okugqithisileyo kunye nephepha okanye iphepha. Ebusika isityalo sidinga ukukhanya okulungileyo.
Ulawulo lokushisa. Kuwo onke amaxesha, i-epilation ikhetha ukushisa kwi-20-25 ° C, unganciphisi izinga lokushisa elingaphantsi kwe-18 ° C. Gwema iiprojekti ekwindla nasebusika.
Ukunisela. Imisindo yomlambo iyanqwenela ukuphulwa kolawulo lokunkcenkceshela. Kuye, ukugqithisa okugqithiseleyo kunye nokungahambisi ngokungenangqiqo kuyingozi. Kwixesha elifudumeleyo, ukususela entwasahlobo ukuya ekwindla, isityalo sidinga ukutyilisa okuninzi njengoko ulawulo oluphezulu lomhlaba luba khona. Ebusika, nciphise ukuthambisa, kodwa ungavumeli ukuba i-coma yodongwe iphele. Ngeli xesha, manzi i-epicure ngosuku okanye emibini emva kobuso bomhlaba bome. Ukunkcenkceshela, kufuneka usebenzise amanzi athambileyo, azinzileyo kwigumbi. Ukwenza ukuthambisa okuphantsi, ukufumana amaconsi amanzi phezu kwamagqabi esi sityalo akufuneki.
Ukuthotywa komoya. Ngenxa yesidingo sokwanda kwamanzi. Musa ukuyifakela, kungenjalo kuya kubangela ukubola kwamaqabunga e-pubescent. Ukuze ukwandise umswakama malunga nesityalo, ibhokhwe ingafakwa kwi-pallet ene-peat emanzi okanye udongwe olwandisiweyo. Qinisekisa ukuba phantsi kwebhodi akuthinti amanzi. U-Episia uzizwa ekhululekile xa ekhula kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye neendawo zokugcina izityalo ezincinci.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ngethuba lokukhula okusebenzayo kokuhamba kweentyantyambo zezibilini, entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, ukuchumisa kwenziwa rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini. Ukwenza oku, sebenzisa isisombululo sesichumisi se-mineral fertilizer, sihlanjululwe ngokuphindwe kabini xa kuthelekiswa neziphakamiso kwimiyalelo kubo. Ukuba usebenzisa izichumisi eziququzelelweyo, kufuneka uzonciphise amaxesha angaphezu kwama-2 ngaphezu kokucetyiswa okucetywayo.
Ukuqulunqwa kwehlathi. Incwadi kufuneka yenziwe, njengoko ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Emva kokuqhakaza, kufuneka ufinyeze amahlumela, kunye nee-rosettes ezinxulumene namagatsha aqingqiweyo ukutshala kwiphusi elifanayo, kwaye isiqithi siya kuba sithande. Uhlobo lwe-Ampellar lwe-epiphy lusasazeka lula kwaye luhlala luluthatha iingcambu kwiimbiza ezingumakhelwane, okunciphisa isibheno sabo sokubhenela. Ngako oko, kucetyiswa ukuxhoma izityalo okanye ukubeka iipotyi, ngoko amahlumela ezinwabuzelayo akanakunqanda khona.
Ukutshintshwa kwezityalo. Ukutsalwa kokutsalwa kwetyala kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ngonyaka, kulunge entwasahlobo. Ukuxhamla ukhetho lukhetha ngokubanzi, kodwa izimbiza eziphantsi. Umhlaba kufuneka ube yi-reaction impact acidic or neutral (pH 5.5 - 6.5) yolu hlobo lulandelayo: umhlaba weqabunga, i-peat (okanye umhlaba wokutsalwa komhlaba), isanti yomlambo kwisiqingatha se-2: 1: 1. Ukongeza ii-particle kunye ne-sphagnum moss. I-substrate ingaba nohlobo oluhlukileyo: iqabunga lomhlaba, isanti kunye ne-peat kwi-2: 1: 1, kunye nokudibanisa kwe-sphagnum kunye neengqungqutyana zamalahle. Iimveliso zentengiso zisebenzisa "i-Violet", njl. Ungakulibali malunga nemifudlana emihle kunye nemigodi emikhulu yokucoca kwizantsi.
Ukuzaliswa. Iziqwenga zisasazwa (vegettings) kunye nembewu.
Ukuzaliswa ngokucutheka yindlela elula yokuvelisa. Iibhotshi ezineendawo ezisemgangathweni (3-4), kodwa ngaphandle kohluma lwamacandelo kufuneka kufakwe emanzini. Ungazicwina ngokucokisekileyo, malunga no-3-4 cm. Enye indlela ukucothula intambo yentombi ngaphandle kwenkampani evela kwisityalo semama. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ubeke ibhodwe ecaleni kwesimangalo somama kunye nentombazana ye-prikopat ukudubula kumhlaba omanzi kwi-bend. Iingxaki kunye nokuhluthwa kwe-cuttings azikho, i-rootlets ivela ngeveki enye. Nangona kunjalo, qiniseka ukuba ukushisa komhlaba ngexesha lokuhluthwa akusi ngaphantsi kwe-18 ° C, kwaye iyona nto ifanelekileyo yi-25 ° C. Njengoko izityalo ezincinci zikhula, zifakwa kwisitenki 2-3 cm ububanzi obukhulu kunelo elidlulileyo . Ubungakanani obukhulu bebhodlela lomzekelo omdala u-20 cm. I-cuttings stem ye-epiphyles inokugxilwa ngqo kwi-substrate yomhlaba. Izicucu kufuneka zihlukaniswe, zityalwe kumhlaba okhanyayo kwiimbiza ezi-7-9-centimeter kwaye zigubungele ibhokhwe ngebhotile, ngaloo ndlela idale inkwenkwana encinane.
Inkathazo yokunyamekela
Ukuba amabala omdaka avela kumaqabunga e-epic, kuthetha ukuba amanzi asebusika asetyenziswa ekutheni isityalo. Khumbula ukuba amanzi kufuneka afudumele.
Ukuba amaqabunga eencwadi aphuzi, isityalo sibhekene nokugqithiseleka kwezichumisi, esomelele kakhulu kwaye sitshisa kakhulu, kunye nokukhanya kwelanga.
Ukuba iqhosha elimnyama livela kumaqabunga kunye neentyantyambo ze-epicia, ngoko isityalo sichaphazeleka ngokubola kwegrey okanye isikhumba se powdery. Ezi zifo zenzeke kwiimeko ezimbi, umzekelo, kunye nomhlaba omdala osondayo kunye negumbi elingahambi kakuhle.
Ukuba isityalo asiqhiphuki, ngoko uvakalelwa ukungabikho kokukhanya, ukungabikho kokutya kwesondlo, okanye igumbi liyabanda kakhulu okanye umoya omile. Kwimeko efanayo naxa xa umxholo wesiqwenga ungalunganga ngexesha lokuphumla, kunye ne-fertilizer engaphezu kwe-nitrogenous, kunye ne-substrate yomisa rhoqo.
Iintlanzi: iifubhi, iimbungu ze-mealy, i-whitefly, i-scabi, i-thrips.