Family Freesia evela kwintsapho ye-iris. Olu hlobo lubandakanya iintlobo ezi-6. I-Afrika ithathwa njengendawo yokuzalwa kwesi sityalo. I-Freesia yiyo yezityalo ezihluma. Unamaqabunga amade kwaye anqabileyo ombala obalahlaza. Iintyatyambo zezi zityalo zinemibala enemibala, zinemibala eyahlukileyo, ingaba mhlophe, i-bluhlaza, i-cream, i-orange, imfusa. Iintyatyambo zikhula ngamaqela, zinomsindo oqinileyo, zihlala zihlanganiselwe kwi-branched, iziqu ezibukhali. Kwimvelo kukho iifom ezimbini ezilula.
Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-freesia ziqwalaselwa - i-hybrid freesia kunye ne-freesia. I-freesia yezimbali zixhomekeke kwixesha lokutshala i-corms. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-freesia ityalwe ukwenzela ukuba ngeeholide zasebusika iqala ukuqhakaza.
Freesia: unonophelo
I-plant freesia kunye nokunyamekela ayifuni izakhono ezizodwa, ngoko xa ikhula, akufuneki kubekho ubunzima obukhethekileyo. I-Freesia idinga ukukhanya okukhazimulayo, inokukhula phantsi kwelanga ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa nge-hewa entle, mhlawumbi isityalo siya kutshiswa. Kuba ukulima kweefesia, i-south, entshonalanga ne-empumalanga ifestile iya kuhambelana. Ukususela ebudeni bemini, ngokukodwa kwiseshushu eshushu yemozulu, isityalo singcono ukuba i-pritenyat. Kwintshonalanga yeefestile, i-freesia iya kubakho ukungabikho kokukhanya, okuyimfuneko kwimifuno eqhelekileyo. Kwixesha lekwindla nobusika isityalo sidinga ukukhanya okongeziweyo kunye nezibane ezimhlophe okanye emini.
Kungcono ukuba ungakhula izityalo ezincinci phantsi kwelanga, kodwa ukwenza ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Musa ukutyhila isityalo ngokukhawuleza emva kokuthenga elangeni, yenza oku akufuneki kwakhona emva kwemozulu eguquguqukayo, okanye mhlawumbi isityalo siya kutshiswa.
Ngethuba lexesha lokukhula, isityalo se-freesia kufuneka sigcinwe kwindawo eyomileyo, epholile, yomoya, apho ubushushu busondele kuma-16-18 degrees. Ngohlobo oluphezulu lokushisa lokubambisa umxholo, u-freesia kufuneka abe nokufikelela kumoya omtsha.
Ukuba isityalo sigcinwe kwindawo epholileyo ngexesha lokukhula, ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kube ngongqamaniso, njengoko ulawulo lomhlaba luya kumile. Ukutyilisa, ukuthoba, amanzi atyathwayo athathwa. Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu lomxholo (malunga no-22-25 o ) kuyimfuneko ukwandisa ukuthambisa, nangona kunjalo, uluhlu oluphezulu lumele lume.
Ngexesha lokuhluma kwe-corms, ukwenzela ukuba ungakhukhumeli isityalo, kufuneka utyilise ngokucophelela. Ngethuba lexesha eliphumayo, ii-corms eziqulethwe kwiibhotile okanye kwi-peat akufanele ziphuze.
I-Freesia egumbini elipholileyo lingenza umoya omile. Xa imozulu ishushu, isityalo kufuneka sifefe ngamanzi okuqala ekuseni, kwaye amanzi kufuneka athambile. Ukutshiza kwenziwa kwansuku zonke.
Ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-buds yaqala ukuvela, isityalo kufuneka sondliwe kanye emva kweentsuku ezi-7 kunye nezichumisi zamaminerali. Kufuneka ukondle ade onke amahlamvu atshake kwisityalo. Ngethuba lokuhluma, kufuneka ukondle umququzelelo nge-phosphorus eninzi. Ngethuba lokukhula kwamaqabunga, kwaye emva kokuba isityalo sele siphelile, kubalulekile ukunyusa isichumisi, esibandakanya inani elikhulu le potassium ne-nitrogen.
Izitshalo ze-freesia kufuneka ziboshwe njengoko zikhula, kuba izibilini zingabangela ukuguqulwa kweentyantyambo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nokuba kukho ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kweentyatyambo. Ngexesha leentyantyambo zezimbali zeentyantyambo azikwazi ukuhlala kwindawo emele ngaphandle kwenkxaso. Iintlobo ze-freesia malunga neentsuku eziyi-15-20. Iimpawu ezindala ziqhakaza zihluphekile kunezicande. Ukuze uhlale unemizila ye-freesias, ikwacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise izityalo ngokuphindaphindiweyo emva kweminyaka emibini. Njengoko isityalo sele siphelile, isiqhamo seentyatyambo sinqunyulwa, emva koko ukutshala kwesityalo kufuneka kuqhubeke nezinye iiveki ezi-5-6, de kubekwe i-corms ezintsha. Emva koko, ukuthambisa kufuneka kuncitshiswe kancane, de kube amaqabunga aphele. Emva koko i-corms ifunywe kwaye ifakwe kwindawo epholileyo, kwindawo emile yokugcina kuze kube sehlobo ezayo. Iqondo lokushisa lomxholo akufanele lidlule ii-6-8 degrees. Ii-Corms ziyakutyathwa ngokukhawuleza kwiimbiza kunye nakwixesha elizayo kude kubekho iifomthi ezakhiweyo kwindawo yokukhanya epholile. Emva kokuvela kwe-buds freesia ingadluliselwa kwiwindow. Ubungakanani obushushu obumxholo bufanele ukuba malunga nama-12-16 degrees.
Ukuveliswa kwesityalo
I-Freesia isityalo esingakhula kungekhona kuphela kwi-corms, kodwa nakwiimbewu.
Imbewu ikwacetyiswa ukuba ihlwayelwe njengoko kuyimfuneko, ngelixa unokufumana iimpawu ezifayo. Ngaphambi kokuba kuhlwayelwe imbewu kulungele ukuhluma, ekubeni imbewu iyalinywa emva kweminyaka emibini. Umxube womhlaba wokuhlwayela kufuneka ube nesihlabathi kunye nomhlaba. Kwaye unokuthatha isithwathwa esilungele ukulungiselela izityalo kunye nesanti. I-substrate elungiselelwe imele ihlaziywe kuqala, ize ihlwayelwe imbewu kuphela. Imbewu ehlwayelweyo kufuneka ifakwe kwinqanaba elincinci (2 mm) lomxube okhethekileyo kwimbewu. Emva kokuba izityalo zikhule zibe ngamasentimitha ama-2-3, kufuneka zincinciwe, izithombo ezili-10 zimele zihlale ebhodweni. Ukuba imbewu ihlwayelwe ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, i-freesia ekhulile ngale ndlela izakuqhakaza ekupheleni kwebusika.
Ii-Corms zingatyalwa entwasahlobo okanye phakathi kwehlobo (konke kuxhomekeka xa ufuna ukufumana ii-freesias zezimbali). I-corms yee-plant kufuneka ibe ngamaqhekeza ama-5 kumbindi ophakathi. Ngaphambi kokutyala, abanye abalimi batusa malunga neveki ezimbini ukuba balwe neekorms kwigumbi elinokushisa kwama-28-30 degrees. Ukuze ufumane iintyatyambo ezintle, kungcono ukuthatha ii-bulbs ezinkulu. Ngaphantsi kwebhodlela kufuneka kube ngumqolo wesanti, i-shards, igravel, ukuxuba okulungiselelwe izityalo okanye umxube oqulethe isanti 13 kunye nomyezo wegadi (inxalenye e-1) exutshwe kunye nelahle.
Ii-Corms zityalwe ubunzulu malunga no-3 cm emhlabathini omanzi. Emva koko, ibhokhwe kufuneka ifakwe kwindawo epholileyo, apho kufuneka ingabikho nkceshelo kuze kubekho amaqabunga. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba amaqabunga aqale ukukhula, kufuneka uqale ukuthambisa ngamanzi aphantsi, alula. Xa kuvela iifama kunye neentyantyambo, ukunyuka kwamanzi kuyanda.
Ukulimala: i-aphids kunye nesigcawu.