Ubhubhane lwe-parotitis (i-mumps) sisifo esithathelwanayo esibonakaliswe kukutshatyalaliswa kwezitho ezinobungqingili kunye nenkqubo yesistim ephakathi (CNS). Kakade iminyaka engama-400 phambi ko-BC. e. UHippocrates waqala ukuchaza i-parotitis yesifo. Izibonakaliso zesi sifo zivela kwimisebenzi kaCelsus noGalen. Ukususela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVIII, ulwazi malunga ne-epidemiology kunye nekliniki yale ntsholongwane sele iqokelelwa.
I-agent causative yamps is virus kwi-genus Paramyxovirus. Iyanqandwa ngokupheleleyo kwiqondo lokushisa lama-55-60 ° C (i-20 min), nge-UV irradiation; ukukhathazeka kwisenzo se-0.1% isisombululo esisesikweni, 1% i-lysol, i-50% yotywala. Ku-4 ° C, ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yintsholongwane kuguquka iintsuku ezimbalwa, kwi -20 ° C iqhubeka iiveki ezimbalwa, kwaye kwi -50 ° C ihlala inyanga eziliqela.
Umthombo wesifo ngumntwana ogulayo kwimini yokugqibela yexesha lokunyusa (enye okanye ezimbini iintsuku ngaphambi kokubonakala komfanekiso wekliniki) kuze kube ngomhla we-9 wesi sifo. Ngeli xesha, intsholongwane ixhomekeke kumzimba wesigulane ngamathe. Usuleleko olukhuselekileyo luyabonwa kwiintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwiintsuku ezintlanu ukusuka ekuqaleni kwesi sifo. Usulelo lwe-Infection ludluliselwa ngamaconsi athile ngexesha lokuthetha, ukukhwehlela, ukukrazula. Kukho ukusulelwa kwintsholongwane ngempahla yasendlini, amathoyizi, njl. Ngenxa yokungabikho kweziganeko ze-catarrhal kwizigulane ezineentsholongwane zentsholongwane, kunye ne-salive engagqithwanga kuyo, ukusuleleka kubakho kuphela kwisondo esithandanayo.
Ingozi enkulu njengomthombo wentsholongwane izigulane ezineendlela eziphosiweyo okanye ezingabonakaliyo zesifo, ezinzima ukuzichonga kwaye ngenxa yoko zihluke kumaqela abantwana. Kukho idatha malunga nokusuleleka kokusuleleka kwintsholongwane kunye nosulelo lwe-intrauterine lomntwana. Ukungahambi kakuhle kwamathambo kuphezulu. Abantwana abaneminyaka engama-2 ukuya kwe-10 ubudala bagula kakhulu. Abantwana abangaphantsi komnyaka omnye abanqabile kule ntsholongwane, kuba banomzimba wokuzikhusela.
I-parotitis ibhalwa njengeziganeko ezizimeleyo, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwezifo. Ukwanda kwenyameko ngokukhawuleza kubakho ebusika nakusentwasahlobo. Iziganeko ziphezulu phakathi kwabantwana abakwiqela. Emva kokusuleleka kwintsholongwane, ngokuqhelekileyo, kuveliswa i-immunity engapheliyo. Izifo eziqhelekileyo kunye nama-mumps azinqabile
Isango lokungena kwintsholongwane yile membrane yomsindo wesifo sokuphefumula emlonyeni womlomo, kunye nomlenze womlenze welihlo.
Iimpawu .
I-parotitis intsholongwane ihlala ichaphazela i-parotid glands (parotitis), mhlawumbi ibandakanye i-submandibular (submaxillitis) kunye neengqungquthela zengqungquthela (sublinguitis), i-pancreas (pancreatitis). I-meningitis enkulu kakhulu. Ubonakaliso obunqabileyo kunye obunzima bokusuleleka ngu-meningoencephalitis. Kumele kugxininiswe ukuba, ngokweengcamango zanamhlanje, izilonda zamalungu ezithobayo (orchitis okanye i-pancreatitis) okanye i-CNS (i-meningitis) xa kwenzeka isifo sengculaza kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kubonakaliso bayo, kodwa kungeyona inkathazo.
Ngokwezigaba zanamhlanje, iifom zentsholongwane ziyahluka ngohlobo nobunzima. Iifom eziqhelekileyo ziquka: izilonda zamalungu ezithobekileyo-ezizimeleyo okanye ezidibeneyo (ifom ye-glandular); ukutshatyalaliswa kwenkqubo ye-nervous central (ifom ye-nervous); izilonda zamalungu ahlukeneyo kunye ne-CNS (ifom ehlangeneyo). I-Atypical ifaka ifomu elichithweyo nelingabonakaliyo. Ngobunzima, imiphunga, ubunzima obuphakathi kunye neendlela ezibi zesifo ziyabonakala, ubunzima bunobuninzi beengqungquthela ezichaphazelekayo (enye okanye ngaphezulu), ubukhulu bokuvuvukala, umlinganiselo we-CNS umonakalo (ubunzima beempawu ze-meningeal kunye ne-encephalitic), umlinganiselo wokuxila.
Ixesha lokuxubusha nge-parotitis yentsholongwane liphela ukusuka kwiintsuku ezili-11 ukuya kwezingama-23 (umyinge we-18-20). Esi sifo siqala emva kweentsuku ezingama-1-2 zokuhamba okanye ngaphandle kweprodrome. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukushisa kuphakama ukuya kuma-38 ukuya ku-39 ° С. Izigulane zihlala zikhalaza ngeentloko, intlungu phambi komngcipheko wangaphandle wokuhlola kunye nommandla we-parotid salivary gland, intlungu xa ifuna nokugwinya. Kukhona ukuvuvukala kwe-parotid gland gland kwicala elinye, kwaye kwiintsuku ezingama-40 emva koko igrafu iya kuhluma ukusuka kwelinye icala. I-enricle ngokunyuka okukhulu kwi-protruding gland, kwaye i-lobe yendlebe iphakama phezulu
I-Submaxillite phantse ihlala idibene kunye nama-mumps, kakhulu kunqabile-ahlukeneyo. Izilonda zamabini amabini zibonakaliswe ngenguqu ehambelanayo kwimida yesigxina se-submaxillary (ukukhukhuma), ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezincinci. Ngesilonda esingasisigxina, i-asymmetry yobuso kunye nokuvuvukala kwelinye icala ibonakalisiwe. Ngeloliso, ukunyanzeliswa phakathi kwesikhohla esisezantsi kunye nokukhathazeka kubonakala. Ukunyuka kweengcambu ezithintekayo ziqhubeka zide zide zifike umhla wesi-3 wesi-5 wesifo, i-edema, kunye nesisa kupheleka ngomhla wesi-6 ukuya kwe-9 wesi sifo.
Phantse uphawu oluqhubekayo lwe-parotitis kumakhwenkwe ngu- orchitis. Elinye itekisi libandakanyeka kwinkqubo, kodwa kunokuthi ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanye amazwe kunokwenzeka. I-Orchitis iqala ngomhla wesi-5 we-7 wesi sifo. Kwiingqungquthela nakwi-groin, kukho iintlungu ezanda ngokunyakaza. Iqondo lokushisa liphakama, ukubola kunye nentloko. Iingqungquthela zandisiwe izikhathi ezili-2-3, zihlanganiswe, kukho ubuhlungu obunzima kwi-palpation, ulusu phezu kwalo lububomvu. Ezi zimpawu ziqhubeka iintsuku ezingama-6-7 kwaye zinyamalalala.
Nge-parotitis, ngamantombazana asele adala asebenza ngokubandakanya i-ovhoritis, i-bartholinitis (i-bartholinitis) kunye nezilonda ze-mammary (mastitis)
I-Pancreatitis ikhula emva kokutshatyalaliswa kweengqungquthela zomzimba, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zihamba phambi kwayo okanye ukubonakalisa kuphela kwesi sifo. Izigulane ezinezonyameko, ukuhlanza okuphindaphindiweyo, ukutyunjwa okuphawulwe, ngamanye amaxesha ubuhlungu besisu, esendaweni yesigodi, kwi-hypochondrium okanye ekhohlo. Kukhona ukubhubhisa, ukumbomboza, kwaye kunqabile ukuba isithintelo esivulekile. Ezi ziqhamo zihamba kunye neentloko, ukubola, umkhuhlane. Xa isalathisa isisu, ukuxhatshazwa kwezidumbu zodonga lwesisu kutyhilwa. Ukuba ezi zimpawu zidibaniswa nesilonda seengxaki ze-salivary okanye isigulane sithathwe kwi-hotbed ye-mumps, ke ukuxilongwa kwenziwa lula. Inkqubo ye-pancreatitis xa kwenzeka ukutheleleka kumama. Izibonakaliso zezilonda ze-pancreatic zanyamalala emva kweentsuku ezingama-5-10
I-meningitis ye-serous yinto ebonakalisa rhoqo ukusuleleka kwe-parotitis kubantwana. Ngokuqhelekileyo idibaniswe nezilonda zamalungu omzimba kwaye ziqala iintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6 emva kokuqala kweemva. Kule meko, kukho i-hyperthermia, intloko, ukuhlanza. Kukho ukukhahlela, ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo. Inkambo ye-serous meningitis kwi-mumps iimeko ezininzi ezifanelekileyo. Izimpawu zesifo se-meningitis zihlala zingapheli iintsuku ezingama-5-8
Ubonakaliso obunqabileyo bokutheleleka kwamangqungquthela yi-meningoencephalitis, iimpawu ezivame ukuvela emva komhla wesi-5 wesi sifo. Ngexesha elifanayo, i-adynamia, inhibition, ukulala, ukudibana, ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo kubonakala. Emva koko kukho iimpawu ze-cerebral, mhlawumbi ukuphuhlisa i-paresis yeentsholongwane ze-cranial, hemiparesis. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-meningoencephalitis iphelela kakuhle.
Isibhengezo se-parotitis sisoloko sithandeka .
Iingxaki zinqabile. Ngomonakalo ophakathi kwamathambo, i-atrophic testicular kunye nokuphela kwe-spermatogenesis kunokwenzeka. I-Meningitis kunye ne-meningoencephalitis kunokukhokelela kwi-paresis okanye ukukhubazeka kwemisipha ye-cranial, umonakalo kwi-nervitive auditor.
Unyango lwe-parotitis luphawu. Kwixesha elimangalisayo lesi sifo, ukuphumla kombhede kuboniswa. Ukugcina ubushushu kwindawo echaphazelekayo, kucetyiswa ubushushu obumileyo. Ukutya okutywala, ukuhlambuluka rhoqo emlonyeni. Ngomkhuhlane kunye neentloko zincoma i-paracetamol, i-nurofen, njl njll. Ukuba ukrokreji lwe-pancreatitis, isigulane kufuneka sifakwe esibhedlele. Nciphisa ukutya kweeprotheni kunye namafutha de ukugqitywa ngokupheleleyo kokutya kwiintsuku ezingama-1-2.
Thintelo. Izigulane ezinama-mumps zihlala zodwa ekhaya okanye kwisibhedlele (kwiifom ezinzima). Okwangoku, kukho ukukhusela okuthe ngqo kwimizuzu. Ukugonywa ngegciwane lokugonywa lugxininiso lwenziwa ngokukhawuleza xa uneminyaka eyi-15-18 yobudala, ngexesha elifanayo kunye nokugonywa kwe-rubella kunye nemasisi.