Erythrocytes
I-Erythrocytes ibomvu yegazi ebomvu, leyo, ngenxa yezinto eziqulethwe kuzo, kuzo iprotheni ekhethekileyo-hemoglobin, yenza emzimbeni imisebenzi emithathu eyisiseko: izithuthi, ukulawula nokukhusela.
Kukho imimiselo ethile yenani le-erythrocyte egazini lamadoda (4,0-5,01012 / l) kunye nabasetyhini (3,9-4,7 / l). Le parameter igqitywe nguvavanyo jikelele lwegazi. Iingxaki zenzeka kwiindlela zombini.
Indlela igazi elihlelwe ngayo
Igazi liphakathi kwezixhobo ezihamba ngamanzi kunye nezothutho emzimbeni.
Amanyathelo amaninzi athatha inxaxheba kule nkqubo:
umongo obomvu;
lymph nodes;
i-thymus gland (thymus);
ipere, isibindi kunye neentso. Ummangaliso omkhulu we-hematopoiesis (hemopoiesis) uvela emnzini wethambo obomvu: yilapho iiseli ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-polypotent stem cell (PUK). Yonke "inyosi esebenzayo" yegazi lethu - iqumrhu elibalulekileyo, oko kukuthi, izinto ezifanayo: iiseli zegazi ezibomvu, i-leukocytes, iiplatelet, zivela kuyo. Umjikelezo wobomi beeseli zegazi ezahlukeneyo uvela kwi-1C ukuya kwii-120 iintsuku. Emva kweli xesha, iiseli ezizalisekile umsebenzi wazo kufuneka zifakwe kwaye zisuswe emzimbeni. Oku kuhambelana "nezihlungi" ezikhethekileyo - ipeni, isibindi kunye neentso. Esikhundleni sabantu "abahlaseli" asebathathe umhlalaphantsi ngokukhawuleza bangene ezintsha. Kwaye ngoko bonke ubomi bam.
Khusela
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwi-immunity eyodwa.
Erythrocytosis
Oku kukunyuka kwinani lamaseli obomvu nganye ngeyunithi yeyunithi yegazi, iqumrhu eliphambili. I-Erythrocytosis ayinqabile ngokwaneleyo (ngokuqhelekileyo isifo sesinye isifo). Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zikhethiweyo:
i-erythrocytosis ephambili (i-polycythemia ye nyaniso);
erythrocytosis yesibini.
Iimeko apho zenzeke khona: "ukuphakama okuphezulu" i-erythrocytosis (ukuphakama kwemvelo yelungu legazi elibomvu xa liphezulu);
ezinye iintlobo zokuxhatshazwa komzimba;
isifo senhliziyo esiswini;
isifo esibi (izintso);
isifo esingenasifo sokuphefumula;
Isisu sesisu, i-erythropenia kunye ne-anemia.
Oku kuyancipha kwi-cell count count. I-Erythropenia, njengomthetho, ngumqondiso wesifo esiqhelekileyo segazi - i-anemia (kwelinye i-anemia).
Oku kuncipha kwigazi - iqumrhu eliphambili lomlinganiselo we-hemoglobin (isiqhelo se-130-160 g / l samadoda kunye ne-120-150 g / l yabasetyhini), apho amaninzi amanqanaba kwinqanaba legazi elibomvu nalo linciphisa.
Izizathu zokuphelelwa kwegazi:
ukulahleka kwegazi (kunye nokulimala, izilonda, izifo ezingapheliyo, isisu esinzima kakhulu);
iziphazamiso zesistim somzimba okanye umsebenzi weengqungquthela ze-endocrine;
khulelwa;
i-anatomophysiological immature of organes of hematopoiesis (umzekelo, kubantwana bonyaka wokuqala wobomi), njl.
Eentliziyweni ezininzi ze-anemias kukuphulwa "kwemveliso" ye-hemoglobin. Ukuze kuhlanganiswe ngokungenakushintelwa kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, umzimba wethu ufuna: isinyithi, iprotheni, i-vitamin B6, i-vitamin B12 kunye ne-vitamin B7 (folic acid). Ukungabi ncinane kwezona zinto zikhokelela ekunciphiseni kwinqanaba le-hemoglobin. Uphawu oluphambili lwe-anemia luyi-pallor yesikhumba kunye nobuqhetseba obukhulu. Ukuba awuyi kudokotela ngethuba, unokuba neempawu ezingakumbi:
ukuvuvukala kwemida;
kunciphisa ukutya;
udodi okanye ukuzitywa;
isikhumba esomileyo, izipikili eziphazamisayo, ukubola kunye nokulahleka kweenwele;
ukutshatyalaliswa emacaleni omlomo okanye stomatitis;
ukuphefumula okufutshane, i-tachycardia, ukukrokra kwe-systolic.
Xa kunesifo sokuphelelwa kwesifo, iindawo ezibandayo zihlala zihamba rhoqo, kunokukholelwa kunye nokuphambana (ufuna ukuhlafuna i-chalk okanye i-plaster, yidla ukutya okuluhlaza - iitatata, inyama, inhlama okanye ukutya okutyayo, uphefumle ubuhlungu obukhulu - iipende, i-acetone, i-varnish).
Yintoni oyenzayo
Ifomu eqhelekileyo ye-anemia yintlupheko yensimbi. Ukuba kuchongiwe, kuqala kukho konke okuyimfuneko ukuseka isondlo esifanelekileyo kunye nolawulo.
Ukupheka kwabantu kwi-anemia
3 ii-apula ezingenakuhlulwa, zitywala i-1 ilitha yamanzi abilisiwe, ubilise imizuzu eyi-10. ngobushushu obuphantsi, gxininisa isiqingatha seyure kwaye ungeze ubusi. 1 ingilazi kathathu ngosuku
300 g yegalikhi ukuba idlule i-grinder yenyama, uthele i-1 ilitha yobutywala, inika iiveki ezimbini kwaye uthathe amaconsi angama-20 ebisi kathathu ngosuku. Ngomso nangokuhlwa kusiginya ngokupheleleyo (ukuphepha ukuvumba) kwisisu esingenalutho kwi-clove 4-5 encinci;
Uluhlu lweemveliso apho ukutya kufuneka kubandakanye kakhulu. Oku kukutya kwamaprotheni (umlanjana), kunye nokutya (i-oatmeal-oatmeal, i-buckwheat, i-millet, i-oatmeal, i-legumes), kunye nemifuno (impande ka-parsley, isipinashi, i-dill, i-carrots, i-beet, i-tile, i-parsley) kunye neziqhamo (i-citrus, blackcurrant , iiperesi, iipricot, iipyrus, iipyari, iipyile), kunye nezithelo ezomileyo (ama-apricots omisiwe, omisiweyo, imihla). Isonka sinceda nakwi-flour, u-honey kunye nama-ammond. Ukuba umzimba ufumana ubunqongophala obunzima bensimbi, ugxininiso lungcono kwimveliso yenyama: ziqukethe uhlobo oluthiwa yi-heme ifom (isinyithi, kunye neprotheni). Kufuneka uqwalasele ukuhambelana kwemveliso. Ngoko ke, kwaziwa ukuba ezinye zazo ziphazamisa ukungqinelana kwentsimbi (itiye, i-bran, amafutha, kunye nobisi kunye nomgubo wokutya kunye nenyama), ngoxa abanye, ngokuchaseneyo, banceda (i-orange kunye ne-grapefruit juice, broccoli).
... okanye iipilisi zesidlo sasemini?
Esinye isondlo esifanelekileyo sokuphelelwa kwegazi siyimfuneko. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuya kwinqanaba leyeza kunyango. Amachiza kufuneka athathwe kuphela kwimigqirha kagqirha kwaye phantsi kweliso lakhe emva kokuhlolwa kokuqala (inani elincinci leemviwo: uvavanyo lwegazi lwekliniki, i-serum iron, i-ferritin, i-transferrin).
Leukocytes
Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe zinamaseli egazi ezimhlophe ezahlula kwiindidi ezininzi:
Igranoisocytes (i-granular); neutrophils; eosinophil; basophil.
I-Agranooocytes (engahlanjulwanga); lymphocyte; monocytes.
Injongo ephambili yazo zonke i-leukocytes ithatha inxaxheba kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokukhuselwa komzimba kumaziko angaphandle angonakalisayo (ukhuselo lomzimba, i-phagocytosis, i-pinocytosis, incedisa inkqubo, njl.). Kanye kunye ne-erythrocyte, i-leukocytes zikho nemimiselo ethile yobuninzi babo kwigazi (4,0 - 9,0109 / l). Ekubeni i-leukocytes ibandakanyeka kwinkqubo yokukhusela umzimba, ukungaphumeleli kwabo kukuphazamisa umzabalazo wendalo kunye nezifo ezihlukahlukeneyo zezifo. Kwaye nemiphumo ayinakulinganiswa.
I-leukemia: ungaphuthelwa umzuzu
Izifo eziqhelekileyo ezikhokelela ekutshintsheni kwinani lama-leukocytes kwanoma yimuphi uhlobo i-leukemia (leukemia) - iqela lezifo ezibulalayo zesimiso se-hematopoiesis, ngamanye amaxesha zihlangene negama eliqhelekileyo elithi "umdlavuza wegazi". Ukuqala kwesi sifo kukuguqulwa kwentsholongwane kunye nokuguqulwa kwamathambo eethambo ezithwala i-hemopoiesis (oko kukuthi, ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi). Ingozi ye-leukemia yukuthi ebudeni bokuqala abazange babonakaliswe - ukukhathala kwanda kancane (wonke umntu uyakhathala!), Ndifuna ukulala ngexesha lomhla (oko kungapheliyo!), Kunzima ukuphefumula kwaye intloko yam iyahamba (yindlela i-ecology eyazi ngayo!). Izizathu ze-leukemia azikaqondi ngokupheleleyo. Iziganeko eziqhelekileyo xa isifo sidluliselwa ngelifa, ngoko ke ukuba kukho iimeko zomdlavuza wegazi kwintsapho (nakwamasebe asemacaleni), kufuneka uhlawule ngokukodwa kwimpilo yakho: ukuya kudokotela rhoqo kwaye wenze uvavanyo lwegazi kubaxhasi be-leukemia. Kukho iirjimen ezidibeneyo zokonyangwa komhlaza wegazi, eziqhutyelwe kumaziko akhethekileyo.
Platelets
Iiplatesti ziiplati zegazi, umsebenzi oyintloko wokuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi (hemostasis).
Ukongezelela, iiplatelet zenza inxaxheba ekukhuseleni umzimba kumaziko angaphandle: zinomsebenzi we-phagocytic, ziyimvelaphi ye-lysozyme kunye ne-p-lysines, ezikwazi ukutshabalalisa iimbumba zeebhaktheriya ezithile, kwaye zikhulule kwiimpawu ezithile zegazi ezikhusela umzimba ekubeni zifumane izifo.
Kukho imigangatho ethile yokugcinwa kweeplatelets egazini (180-360 109 / l). Ukuphungulwa kunokwenzeka kwimiba yomibini, kodwa imeko yesifo iyancipha kuphela kwinani le-thrombocytes, oko kukuthi, i-thrombocytopenia. Njengazo zonke izifo ezinxulumene neeplatelets, i-thrombocytopenia ihambelana ngqo ne-hemostasis-inkqubo yokuyeka ukuphuma kwamanzi. Ngoncedo lwe-thrombocytes, okubizwa ngokuba yi-vascular platelet hemostasis iyafumaneka. Iphukile, ngoko kwimizimba yesigulane kunemivimbo emininzi kunye negazi, ukunyuka kwamanzi kuya kwanda (kwaye, mhlawumbi, i-uterine, i-renal, isisu, njl.).
Hemostasis: ukugqithisa ezimbini
Ingaba igazi "liyayeka" kakuhle - ukuze igazi lingapheli lifake kwifom yegazi (i-thrombosis, i-myocardial infarction, i-stroke) okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, kunzima kakhulu ukuyeka (i-hemophilia isifo esingavamile esithinta amadoda kuphela). Ezi zifo azihlanganisi nje nge-hemostasis ye-vascular platelet. Ngokuthatha inxaxheba kweeplatelets kuphela, ukuphuma kwegazi ephezulu kunye nomonakalo kwimithambo yegazi emikhulu (iirribheti, i-veins, i-arterioles) ayikwazi ukunqunyulwa. Lapha, enye inkqubo ye-hemostasis ingena kwizenzo-i-plasma hemostasis (ukuthatha inxaxheba kwezinto ze-plasma coagulation). Ngethamsanqa, izifo ze-hemostatic eziqhelekanga kakhulu kunezinye izifo ze-hematologic.
Yintoni i-autohemotherapy
Indlela yokunyanga kwezifo ezithintekayo ezikhuselweyo (umzekelo, i-furunculosis kunye ne-acne, engakwazi ukulungiswa). Iqulethwe nge-intramuscular or injection injection yegazi lakhe isiguli esithathwe kwi-vein (ngamanye amaxesha idibene ne-ozone unyango). Ngaloo ndlela, imisebenzi yokukhusela yomzimba iyakhuthazwa kwaye iinkqubo zokuxilisa ziphuculwe. Kunconywa kwizigulane ezichasene namagciwane. Iimeko eziphambili - inkqubo kufuneka yenziwe ngutitshala oqeqeshiwe.
Luhlobo luni lwegazi, yintoni egulayo
Kukho iingxelo ukuba abantu abaneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zegazi bafumana izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo:
Iqela I: isilonda esiswini kunye nesilonda esiswini;
Iqela II: isifo sikashukela, isisu kunye neentsholongwane zentsholongwane, ukunyuka kwegazi, ukulandelana, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nemivimbo;
Iqela le-III: umhlaza wekolon;
Iqela le-IV: i-cardiac nezifo ze-oncological, i-anemia.