Nangona kunjalo, ukwenza izityalo kwiiphothi zivuyiswe ngokukhawuleza kwemifuno kunye nemifuno ekhanyayo, kufuneka bawancede kule nto. Ukuze iintyatyambo zangaphakathi zikhule kwizimbiza, enye yeemeko ezibalulekileyo zokuphuhliswa ngempumelelo zifumene izondlo. Ngoko ke, izichumisi zeentyantyambo zangaphakathi, izityalo kufuneka ziziswe ngexesha kunye nexabiso elifanelekileyo. Ngaphandle kwabo isityalo asikwazi ukuqhakaza, amaqabunga kunye neziqu ziya kuba ziphaphathekile, ziya kudla kwaye zikhule kakuhle. Ukuthintela oku kungenzeki, inkqubo yokuqaliswa kwezichumisi ze-mineral kufuneka ibe yinto eqhelekileyo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Zonke izichumisi zezityalo zangaphakathi zihlulwe zibe ziindidi eziphambili: iimaminerali, i-organic, idibene kunye neebhaktheriya. Iqela lokugqoka i- mineral limelelwe ikakhulu ngama-composite alungiselelwe, kuquka izinto ezifana ne-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-boron nezinye ezininzi. Kodwa i-minus yile nto ichaphazela u-salinity kunye no-acidity yomhlaba. Kananjalo akakwazi ukunika zonke izityalo ezinomsoco kwisityalo. Izichumisi ze- Organic ziquka iimveliso zento ebalulekileyo yezilwanyana nezityalo. Ngendlela elula, i-sapropel, umquba, i-peat, i-droppings, i-compost kunye nabanye. Iphulo elilodwa kuphela kukuba ngenxa yephunga elimnandi kunzima ukuyisebenzisa ekhaya. Indlela ekhoyo kulo mzekelo inokuthi i-shavings okanye ufulawa kuphela. Izichumisi zentsholongwane zibhekwa njengobungane bendalo, kodwa zisetyenziselwa kakhulu kwiindawo ezinkulu. Kwaye ekhaya, ukusebenzisa kwabo kunzima kakhulu.
Kubalulekile nokuba yiyiphi ifom, iqinile okanye i-liquid, izichumisi zenziwa kwiintyatyambo zangaphakathi kunye nezityalo. Uninzi lwabatshali bakhetha ukucoca umquba , kuba kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa. Kwanele ukongeza amanzi, ukuxuba kunye nokuthulula umxube obangelwayo nesityalo. Ukudibanisa ngale ndlela kukuba isityalo sifumana ngokukhawuleza izinto eziyimfuneko kwaye zithatha ngokukhawuleza. Esincinci ixesha elifutshane lokungcebeleka. Ngezichumisi ezinzima kunzima ngakumbi, kodwa iinzuzo zikhulu. Nangona zichongwe ixesha elide, ukuchumisa okulandelayo kuya kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela emva kweiveki ezi-8. Ingathethi ukuba kunzima kakhulu ukulimaza isityalo.
Kodwa kungekhona zonke iintyatyambo zangaphakathi, izityalo zentyatyambo ziyafana. Kweminye, ifom ekhethekileyo iyadingeka. Ngokomzekelo, u-azalea ukhula ngomhlaba onobumba, ngoko kukutya kufuneka kube ngamanqanaba athile e-nitrogen, i-potassium, i-phosphorus kunye nezinto ezifunekayo. Kwaye injalo isityalo njenge-epiphytic bromelia ifanelekileyo kuphela kwisichumisi samanzi, esingenalo i-salts-ukuphepha ukuvala i-pores. Ekubeni ithatha izondlo ngamanzi ngamaqabunga. Ngokubanzi, phambi kokusondla isityalo, fumana: ngokuqinisekileyo isichumiso siya kumthobela.
Omnye umgaqo kule nkqubo awuyikuwudlulela. Kuhlala kulunge ukunyamekela kunokuba udlulele. Ukugqithiswa kwezondlo kunokukhokelela ekubeni isityalo siza kuhamba kunye namabala, silahlekelwe ngamaqabunga okanye sife. Ngelinye igama, ngokugqoka okuphezulu kufuneka uqikelele. Ukuvelisa ukususela entwasahlobo ukuya ekwindla - ngexesha lokukhula okukhulayo kunye neentyantyambo zezilwanyana ezifuywayo, ngokwemilinganiselo efunekayo kunye nexesha elicetywayo.
Ukungabikho kwamanyathelo amancinci kunye nokukhethiweyo, njengokugqithiseleyo, kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi, kuba kukho naziphi na izinto kubangela utshintsho oluthile ekuphuhlisweni kwesityalo. Umxholo omkhulu wento enye enesondlo ayikwazi ukuhlawula ukusilela komnye. Kwaye nangona kunjalo, kubangela ukuphendula okungalunganga. Okubi nakakhulu, ukuba ngenxa yobukhulu becandelo elinye, enye ingasondelanga. Kwaye ukubeka ingxaki echanileyo yokunqongophala kwalolu hlobo okanye loo nto inzima. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuba ukunqongophala kweminye yabo kuneempawu ezifanayo. Ngoko, ukungabikho kwensimbi, i-magnesium kunye ne-nitrogen kubonakaliswa ngotshani lwamagqabi. Okwesibini, ungaqapheli ukuphulwa kwondlo kungenxa yempawu ezithile okanye imeko yomzimba wesityalo. Ngokomzekelo, ukutshatyalaliswa kwezibonda zakhe eziphambeneyo kuya kubangele imiphumo efanayo nokungahambi khalsiyamu emhlabeni.
Ukwakhiwa kwezichumisi zezityalo zangaphakathi
Namhlanje akuyona ingxaki yokukhetha ukudibanisa okufanelekileyo kwezichumisi zezityalo zangaphakathi. Enyanisweni, oku kufuneka ufunde ngokucophelela izinto eziqulethwe kuzo. Ukwakhiwa kwezichumisi, njengomthetho, kubandakanya ezintathu eziphambili zixhobo ezifunekayo ekukhuleni okuqhelekileyo kunye nophuhliso lwezityalo: i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium ngendlela efanelekileyo. Kwaye kulungele kakhulu ukugqoka iindawo eziphezulu kakhulu zibalulekile.
Ngoko, i- nitrogen ithatha inxaxheba kwisakhiwo seprotheni-isiseko sempilo ephilayo, kwaye inxalenye yecandelo (chlorophyll), edlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-photosynthesis yezityalo. Eli nqaku lifuneka ngokubanzi kumaqabunga. Ukususela ekungabikho kwayo kuba luhlaza obomvu, emva koko luhlaza, luyeke ukukhula kwaye lukhule lincinci. Ukongezwa kwe-nitrojeni kubangela ukubonakala kwimiqabunga enhle, enkulu, emnyama emnyama, kodwa ukungabi khona kweentyantyambo kunye nokuhluma. Kwaye kwiindawo ezinamaqabunga avela kwi-peel peels, i-crsts, kwaye oku kunokukhokelela ekufeni kwabo. Eli candelo liqulethwe ngamaminerali anesitrogen (i-ammonium nitrate) okanye i-organic (umquba, i-slurry).
I-Phosphorus yinto ebalulekileyo kwisityalo sokutya. Ngoncedo lwawo, iinkqubo zamandla zenzeka kwiiseli zezilwanyana ezifuywayo. Ukungabikho kwe-phosphorus kukuchaphazela ikakhulu amaqabunga, okokuqala kukuba luhlaza obumnyama kunye ne-blue tinge. Kwaye ke kubonakala kubo babonakala njengamabala obomvu okanye obomvu-violet. Inkqubo yokutshatyalaliswa iqala ngamagqabi endala aphantsi kwaye iyakuthabatha isityalo sonke. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukukhula kwezihluma kunye nophuhliso lwenkqubo yeengcambu kuyanciphisa, amaqabunga amasha aphelile ukwenza, kwaye izimbali ziyalibaziseka. Ukugqithisa kwe-phosphorus kunqabile kakhulu. Kodwa ukuba oku kwenzekayo, oku kuya kuphazamisa amaqabunga: i-chlorosis ye-mesyltic ivela xa iindawo ezincinci zivela kwi-plate leaf phakathi kweemvini. Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukondla izityalo nge-phosphorus superphosphate, ufulawa we-phosphorite kunye nokunye kusetyenziswa.
Isityalo siyeke ukuqhakaza okanye esikhundleni seentyatyambo ezintle ezintle ezibonakalayo kwaye zingabonakali, nto leyo ithetha ukuba ayikho i- potassium . Ngesizathu esifanayo, qalisa ukuluphuzi kuqala, uze uvele kumacembe. Ekubeni ukungabikho kwe-potassium kwiiseli kukuqokelela kwe-ammonia, kwaye ke kukhokelela ekufeni kwezicubu. Indlala ecacileyo yindlala ye-potassium kukulibaziseka ngokukhawuleza ekukhuleni kwezityalo, kunye nomda wokukhanya ngaphaya kommandla weqabunga. Ukongezelela, ukungabikho kwe-potassium kwenza izityalo zisengozini kakhulu kwizifo zenyama. Kukho ingozi kwi-oversaturation yayo: ukuxutywa kwe-calcium, i-magnesium, i-zinc kunye nezinye izinto kunzima. I-potassium yezichumisi zamaminerali ziquka i-potassium chloride, i-potassium sulfate.
Ngamanye amaxesha nangona isichumiso esifanelekileyo, iindidi zendawo zibukeka zibi. Kule meko, kuyafaneleka ukuqwalasela ukuqaliswa kweentlobo ze- microelements zomhlaba, ezikumgangatho omncinci ziya kunika impembelelo.
Ukungabikho kwekhalsiyamu ekudleni kukukhokelela ekukhuleni okubuthathaka kweengcambu, iingcebiso zeziqu kunye nokufa kwamagatsha amancinci, kunye neentlupheko ezifana nezo zinto ezifana ne-nitrogen, i-potassium kunye ne-magnesium. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba iCacti ibe neentlobo ezinkulu okanye ezininzi. Ukungabi nesulfure kuchaphazela ukukhula nokuphuhliswa kwezityalo, kuphela amaqabunga ahlupheke kakhulu kunqongophala kwawo. Kancinci zijikeleza ngokuluhlaza, kodwa ungawa. I-Iron elambileyo, okokuqala, ichaphazela amaqabunga amancinci. Ekuqaleni, bakha i-chlorosis ye-mesyltic, kwaye yonke iqela leqabunga liba mhlophe. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwizityalo ziyimanganese . Idlala indima enkulu kwi-photosynthesis nombala wokuphefumla. Ngenxa yoko, ukungabikho komhlaba kuthintela ukungonakaliswa kwemeko jikelele yezityalo kunye namacembe ngokukodwa. Iimpawu zendlala zifana kakhulu nokungabi ncitshulwa, kunye nomlinganiselo owodwa wokuba loo mvini yamagqabi ahlala eluhlaza xa ezinye zichazwe. Ubunqongophala beZinc bunokufumaneka kuphela kwintsi esebenzayo. Ukusuka oku, amaqabunga esi sityalo aqala ukujika kwaye akhangeleke, kunye neethusi ze-bronze zivela kumbala wazo. Bona ngokwabo baba ncinane kwaye banamafutha. I-Stamens ichaphazelekayo. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwe- magnesium , ukuphuhliswa kunye nokuqhakaza kwesityalo kuyalibaziseka. Umqondiso wokuqala wokuzila ukutya kukubonakala kwe-chlorosis ye-mezzhilkovogo, kwaye amaqabunga afumana i-yellow, i-orange, ibomvu okanye i-purple hue. Baqhakaza baze bafe. Ukungabikho kobhedu emhlabathini kubonwa ngokugqithiseleka kwecosphorus. Le nyi-microelement yandisa ukunyanzelwa kwesityalo kwiifungal fungal, ithatha inxaxheba kwi-photosynthesis kunye nokuphefumula. Xa kunqongophala kwayo, amaqabunga aphelile kwaye aphelile, kwaye yonke i ntyatyambo iyafa. Ukufa kwindlala yintlanzi kuchaphazela ngokuyinxalenye izityalo ezincinci zesityalo. Ukususela ekungabikho kwazo zibola kwaye zife, amaqabunga abe mnyama, aphihliwe aze afe, iziqu ziyacuthwa, kunye neentyatyambo zeentyatyambo ziyawa.
Imimiselo yomanyolo:
- Kufuneka uvelise inani elithile lokuchumisa! Ngokuqhelekileyo kuboniswe kwiingcebiso zokukhula kweentyatyambo. Kwaye makube ngcono kunezichumisi, ngaphezulu.
- Akukhuthazwa ukunyusa izigulane ezingagxothwanga okanye ziphumle.
- Iintyatyambo ezifumana ukukhanya okuncinci, kufuneka zifakwe kancinci kangangoko, kuba zingasebenzisi izondlo ngokugcwele, kwaye umhlaba uya kutshabalaliswa ize.
- Ungafaki izityalo kwishushu eshushu, gweba ukufumana isisombululo okanye umxube kumagqabi kunye neziqu (ngaphandle kwezilwanyana zokutya okunamafutha).
- Ukutshala izityalo ezinobuhlungu kwiitrothi (i-orchids, i-ferns, njl.), Kunye neentyantyambo ezincinane zisebenzisa isisombululo soxinzelelo olubuthathaka.
- Ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo okukhula, izityalo zidinga izichumisi ngenani elikhulu okanye eli candelo. Ngoko, ekuqaleni kweentsholongwane - i-nitrojeni ikhona. Kwaye ngexesha lokutshala kunye nophuhliso lwe-phosphorus ne-potassium.
- Ixesha apho izichumisi zenziwa khona zingahluka kwi-1 ngeveki ukuya kwi-1 ngeenyanga. Kuxhomekeke kwithuba lonyaka, uhlobo kunye nobukhulu besityalo, iimfuno zalo zondlo, umthamo nokubunjwa kwe-substrate. Ebusika, kanye ngenyanga, kuphela izityalo ezingezizo izimbali ezingenazo ixesha lokuphumla. Ngexesha lokukhula ezinjalo iintyatyambo zondliwa, njengokulawula, amaxesha ama-2 ngenyanga, ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza - kanye ngeveki, kunye nokukhula ngokukhawuleza - kanye ngenyanga.
- Musa ukulibala ukuba kwiiyure eziyi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 ngaphambi kokuba ufake izichumisi, isityalo esenziwe ngumbumba kufuneka sitshatshelwe ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi.
- Indima yokuchumisa akufanele ithatyathwe phantsi. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba wenze oku, jonga isityalo. Izitshalo zezindlu ezifumbayo, izityalo, khumbula umgaqo obalulekileyo - yonke into imele ihlonishwe!