Ngokomzekelo, kumazwe anenkcubeko yendalo yokusela - eFransi, eItali, eSpeyin - abaninzi abantu basela igrlasi yewayini yonke imihla yokutya. Ukuxhomekeka kwakha. Ukuba umntu akawuthululi igalazi yobusuku, uya kuba neentlungu, uya kuphelelwa yinto ethile, kwaye uya kuzama ukuhlawulela esi siphene, umzekelo kwibhar. Kule meko, akukho-cirrhosis yesibindi, okanye, njengoko sithetha, "ukuziphatha okungafaniyo." Into ephambili ayixhomekeke kuyo, njengaleyo, kodwa iingxaki ezibangelwa yiyo. Phakathi kokuxhomekeka kunye nemiphumo emibi - ukuxhamla okungahambelani ngqo. Ngako oko, amayeza anamhlanje athatha loo mbono: umlutha awukho isizathu sokukhathazeka. Uncedo luyafuneka ukuba kukho impembelelo embi kwimpilo kunye nomgangatho wobomi. " Iintlobo zokuxhomekeka, iimpawu zokuziphatha ngokuxhomekeka - isihloko sesiqendu.
Umgaqo wokwenyani
Ulonwabo lulizwi eliphambili elidibanisa abantu abajongene neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokulutha. Abanye bayakwazi ukumelana nokukhanga kwabo ukuzonwabisa, abanye abakwenzi. "Ubunzima obuthathaka" uchazwa zizizathu zengqondo kunye nezizathu zomzimba. UFrud wazisa iingcamango "zomgaqo wokuzonwabisa" kunye "nomgaqo wokwenene" kwiingqondo. Ngokomgaqo wokonwaba, ubomi bomntwana wakhiwa: ufuna ukufumana yonke into ngexesha elilodwa-ukutya, amathoyizi, ukunakekelwa ngumama-kwaye ukuba ayenjalo, uyakhala ngokukrakra. Ukukhula, umntu uhlalisana, uhambelana nemigaqo yokuziphatha, wenza inkqubo yangaphakathi yezinto ezikhuselayo. Ngaphambi kokuba senze okanye sithathe oko sifuna, sicinga ngemiphumo. Abantu abanomlutha wokuxhomekeka kuxhomekeke kwindlela encinci: abakwazi ukuzikhanyela ukuzonwabisa, nokuba bazi ngemiphumo engathandekiyo. Ibhinqa lichitha yonke umvuzo wayo kwiingubo ezibizayo, kwaye intsapho ihlala inyanga kwi-pasta. Indoda emva komsebenzi iya kwiqela le-Intanethi kwaye idlala "abahlaseli" iiyure, nangona umfazi umlindele ekhaya, kwaye kuya kuba yinto ehlaselayo. Kutheni benza oku? Ngokucacileyo, iimeko eziyinkimbinkimbi zidlala indima: iizakhi, ukukhuliswa, ingqondo yengqondo. Abanye abantu baxhatshazwa ngokungahambi kakuhle, intlungu, ukubandezeleka kunabanye. Omnye ukwesaba udokotela wamazinyo ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba ulahlekelwe ngumqolo wamazinyo. Omnye ukwazi ukuthetha ngokwakhe: "Ukuba andikuma kancane ngoku, ndiza kufuneka ndinyamezele ubunzima obukhulu." Omnye akakwazi ukuma ngaphandle kwegwayi kunye nosuku, enye inquma ukuyeka, ibeka ipakethe kwitheyibhile kwaye ayiyi kuphinda itshaye i-cigarette enye. Omnye uyakuzonda ukulinda, omnye uhlala elinde ngokuthula. Ukungabonakali, ukungahlanjululwa kweendlela zengqondo zokulawula kubangelwa kukungalingani kokuzalwa kwamahomoni kunye nama-neurotransmitters: i-dopamine, i-serotonin, i-adrenaline, i-endorphins. "
Utywala noNobel
Inani labantu abajongene nokuxhomekeka kwimizi yamachiza (ukusuka kotywala kunye neziyobisi) kuzinzile kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye yehlabathi, malunga ne-10-15%. Umxhomekeke ngokulula kwi-substance enye ukuya kwelinye - ukuxilwa kweziyobisi ngokuqhelekileyo kuba ngamanxila, kwaye ngokufanayo. Ukuyeka ukutshaya, abaninzi baqala ukufuna i-candy, ukuhlafuna i-gum okanye enye "inkunkuma yokutya". Esi siphumo sachazwa nguFrud, ukuzisa umyalezo wokuzimela ngomlomo: umntwana ufumana ukutya ngomlomo kunye noqhagamshelwano nomama, kwaye ukuba kukho ukulungiswa kweli nqanaba lokwabelana ngesondo, umntu uya kuhlala ejabulela yonke into enxulumene nomlomo: ukutya, ugwayi, ingxoxo engapheliyo. Le mihlali kunye neyona nto ifikelelekayo ayithengi kwaye ihlala isondele. Ngendlela, enye yezinto eziqhelekileyo ezixhomekeke kwiikhemikhali kwihlabathi zisuka kwi-ushukela. Kwimvavanyo yebhubhoratri iboniswe ukuba iincinci zandisa kancane isahluko ekudleni, zihlala phantsi kwaye zilahlekelwe ngumdla kunoma yimuphi umnye umsebenzi, ngokukodwa, ngesondo. Ushukela ococekileyo wabonakala kuphela kwiminyaka engama-500 ukuya kuma-600 edluleyo, kwaye ukususela ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuye kwanda ngokuqhubekayo: umyinge waseJalimane udla malunga neekhiksi ezingama-34 ngonyaka, i-USA - 78 kg. Kwaye oku akubalanga iilekese kunye ne-buns! Zonke izixhomekeke kwimichiza zineempembelelo ngesimo sezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezivela kumdlavuza wamaphaphu ukuqalisa ukutshabalaliswa kwenkqubo yesifo, kunye nemiphumo emibi kwi-HIV, isifo sofuba kunye ne-hepatitis. Bonke "abaqalayo" bayazi kakuhle kakuhle, kodwa bayaqiniseka ukuba akukho nto iya kwenzeka kubo okwenzeka kummelwane okanye omaziyo. Kukho i-anecdote enhle: "Yiliphi iqela lentlalo elona lihle kakhulu elibhekiselele kutywala? Impendulo: Abalobi baseMelika bangama-benefitors of Nobel. " Yaye oku kunjalo ngokwenene - inqanaba eliphezulu lobuchule alinakusindisi ekuxhomekeke kuye. "
Ukusondela kengozi
Ingqiqo "yokuxhomekeka" ibonakala kwiyeza ngoku kutshanje, kwanokuba utywala buchazwe kuphela phakathi kweXIXX. Vala ingqwalasela kwizidakamizwa zavela xa uluntu luqala ukuqonda ukuzimela nokuzimela komntu ngamnye. Kwangexesha elide, ukusela utywala kwakubonwa njengomkhwa omubi, ukungafuneki amandla, "ukuziphatha okubi." Ngoku kuboniswe ukuba lesi sifo sobuchopho. Kwilizwe eliphucukileyo, izidakwa kunye nezidakamizwa zonyango ziphathwe ngendlela efanayo nezinye izigulane ezinezifo ezibangelwa yindlela yokuphila engafanelekanga (umzekelo, abanesifo sikashukela abahlala bezama ukujonga kuMcDonald's). Unamalungelo afanayo namanye amalungu asekuhlaleni, kunye noxanduva olufanayo: bavavanyelwa ukungabikho kobuhlanga okanye ubundlobongela basekhaya, kodwa kungekhona ukuxilongwa. E-USSR, abadakwayo babethunyelwe kwi-LTP ngesicelo sabafazi kwaye baphathwa ngonyango osebenzayo. Abafazi bangaqondwa. Kukho na kuthi kukho ubuncinane intsapho eyaziwayo apho indoda enxilisayo inetyhefu ubomi kuzo zonke izihlobo. Kodwa ukuziphatha kwentsapho akuvumelekanga. Ukuze abatshatileyo, amaqabane, abantwana kunye nabahlobo abaneminyaka eminyaka bazama ukulwa nesifo somntu, kukho igama elithi "codependence", badinga uncedo lweengqondo. Indlela efanelekileyo yokuphuma kumntu oxhomekeke kumxhasi ukuyeka ukugxeka kunye nokwenza imeko: "Ngaba uphathwa, okanye siqhawula umtshato." Kwaye ke, ke, isigqibo sam sokuzalisekisa. Ukunyanga utywala kunye nokulinywa kweziyobisi akunakwenzeka, kodwa kunokuthintela nokulawulwa. Ngokomzekelo, ngoncedo lweeyeza: i-naltrexone kunye ne-antabuse. I-Naltrexone ibloko i-receptors ezinobulunga kwi-opiates. Isicatshulwa esifanayo sinciphisa ukulangazelela utywala, nangona kunjalo, ukuphumelela kwayo ayikho i-100%. I-antabuse exhaphakileyo kakhulu-le nto ingathathwa ngendlela yamacwecwe, okanye "ikhonkxwe" ngesimo se capsule phantsi kwesikhumba, kwaye umphumo uya kuba ngumde. I-Antabus ivimba ukutshintshwa kotywala kwinqanaba xa utshwala luba yi-acetic aldehyde, into enobuthi enobungozi obangela imiphumo emibi kakhulu: uxinzelelo olunyukisayo, i-tachycardia, ukukhala. Ukuba umntu onxilisayo othabatha i-vodka i-antabuse, uya kugula kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, akupheli konke oku, ukongeza, uninzi lwezilonda azifuni ukuthatha iziyobisi, ngoko ulawulo lufunekayo kwiintsapho.
Ithebhulekisi endaweni yokubamba
Ukunyanga nokunciphisa ingozi ngokuthatha ii-opiates kumazwe amaninzi (kubandakanywa nase-Ukraine), ityhafi yendawo isetyenziswa. Kwiziko lezonyango, izidakamizwa zamachiza (i-methadone okanye i-buprenorphine) zinikezwa isiraphu yezilwanyana okanye ithebhulethi emva komhla phantsi kolawulo logqirha. Abanye banokuyeka ukuyeka ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngokuthe ngcipheko ukunciphisa umthamo. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluqhutywe ngehlabathi lonke, kubandakanywa nalabo abaququzelelwe yi-WHO, lubonisa ukuba kumazwe apho kusetyenziselwa unyango lwamaziko, ulwaphulo-mthetho noluntu kwintengiso kuphuculwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye nexabiso labo kumakethi amnyama liwela ngenxa yokunciphisa imfuno . Into ephambili kukuba izilwanyana eziyingozi ziba ngamalungu oluntu aqhelekileyo: asebenza, aphathwa nge-HIV kunye ne-hepatitis, atshate kwaye atshade, akhulise abantwana. Ukongeza kwonyango lweziyobisi, i-psychotherapy ithandwa kakhulu - isetyenziswa rhoqo. Umsebenzi we-psychotherapy ukulungisa umntu oxhomekeke kumanye amanani, kumnceda ukuba aqonde "umgaqo wokwenene", azifundise ukuba athi: "Ewe, ndiyifunayo, ndiyakwazi ukusela (ukunqabana, ukucoca, njl), kodwa andiyi kwenza, kuba ... "Amava abanye anceda kakhulu: ama-25% wamalungu oluntu angamazwi onxilisayo angenakusela kotywala. Indlela ye-psychotherapy iyaphathwa ngempumelelo kunye nezinye izixhomekeko ezingekho komshishini (ukusuka ekudleni, kwi-Intanethi, ekugembula). Abo baqhuba i-tshokoleta okanye bashiye umsila omnye ngesonto, i-psychotherapy ayidingi. Amava abonisa ukuba imfuno yetshokoleji iyancipha ngokukhawuleza xa ubomi buphucula. Ndiza kuthengisa eli nqaku kwaye ndiza kunciphisa umzimba.