Kungekudala, inani elinyukayo labasebenzi basebenzise izibonelelo ezinikezwa ngechungechungethungelwano lwee-hypermarket ngohlobo lweemveliso zokutya kunye nezityholo. Kwaye kungekhona ngengozi - ubuyela ekhaya emva kwosuku olude noludinayo, bambalwa kakhulu abafazi abasebenzayo baya kuvuyiswa ngcamango yokuba usadinga ukupheka isidlo sekhaya lonke. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kule nkalo, iimveliso zokutya ezinqambileyo eziqingqiweyo zifunyanwa nje, uhlobo oluthile lwe "wand-rescue rescue wand". Kodwa abambalwa bendlukazi bacinga ngobungakanani bokutya okuqingqiweyo kunye nezitya, kunye nokuba banokudliwa nonke, ngakumbi abantwana.
Uphando olulinganayo kunye nokuqikelela kulo mbandela zidibanise ngokupheleleyo abathengi, oko kukuthi nathi. Abanye bathi ukutya okunqabileyo kuyintsikelelo yempucuko, kuba ikulungele kwaye iyasebenza, inempilo kwaye iphephile kwimpilo. Abanye bawukhusela ngamandla ngombono wokuthi akukho nto iphilileyo kwizidlo ezikhuniweyo kwaye ayikwazi kuba, kuba ngexesha lolo lonyango zonke izinto ezincedo ziyabonakala kuzo, kwaye kwaneyingozi. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umkhiqizo uhlanjululwe ngamaxesha amaninzi kwaye wubanda kwakhona, awukwazi ukudliwa emva koko. Ngenye yale mibono inelungelo lobomi. Kodwa iphi i nyaniso? Masizame ukuyifumanisa.
Ngokweengcali
Ukuqhwala ngenye yeendlela eziphilileyo zokugcina ukutya. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ulondoloze uninzi lwezondlo, ngokuphambene neenkqubo zokulondoloza usebenzisa izongezo ezinobungozi ezinjengetyuwa, iswekile okanye iviniga. Ukongezelela, ukunambitheka nokubunjwa kokutya okuqingqiweyo kwimisebenzi yalo kuyancinci uma kuqhathaniswa nokutsha, okungafaki ukutya okusemathinini.
Namhlanje, iimveliso zokutya ezinqambileyo ezinqabileyo zanda ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye zijika zibe ngumthombo ongeyena umvuzo, kuba zigcina ixesha kunye nemali. Kodwa akukho mveliso enye engasindiswa ngonaphakade ngoncedo lokubanda. Ukongeza, kule nkqubo kubalulekile ukugcina imithetho emithathu eyintloko yokubonelela kokutya okunempilo kunye nokutya:
- Ukuqhwala, ukucocwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye neemveliso zomgangatho kufuneka kukhethwe. Ngenxa yokuba emva kokuphazamiseka awukwazi ukuwahlambulula okanye uhlambe. Ukuba loo mveliso yaqala ukususela ekuqaleni, ayiyi kudibanisa kwintsholongwane. Into enjalo ayikwazi ukudliwa.
- Kwinkqubo yokuqhwala, isivinini apho yonke imveliso ikhohliwe khona -18 ° C okanye kwaze kwafika kubushushu obuphantsi kubalulekile. Kule mafutha, ukunyuka kwamakhemikhali kunye nokuphuhliswa kwee-microorganms kumisa, kwaye iimveliso zihlala zihlambulukile, njengokuba zazikho ngexesha lokubanda. Okugqwesileyo konke-ukukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza, xa umkhiqizo uziswa kumgangatho obushushu kwimimiselo embalwa. Abafaki-mafutha banamhlanje bavumela le nto ukuba yenziwe ngaphandle kobunzima kwaye ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwezakhiwo kunye neivithamini.
- Ukuba sigqiba ukukrazula ukutya okuthile, kubonakala kubalulekile ukuba silungiselele, okanye kuthiwa "i-blanching," enceda ukugcina umgangatho weemveliso. Baye bahlanjululwa ngaphambili, banqunywe kwaye bafakwa ngamanzi abilayo ngobisi, kuphekwe iminyaka emi-3-4 (emva kokupheka kwamanzi kwakhona). Ngaloo ndlela, isenzo se-enzymes siyayeka, esinokugqithisa ngakumbi umonakalo kunye nephunga lemveliso. Emva kokususwa emanzini, kufuneka kucolile, kuzaliswe ngokukhawuleza ngamanzi abandayo okanye kufakwe kwisitya esahlukileyo esamanzi emanzini. Kuphela xa umkhiqizo ucolile ngokupheleleyo, unokuqulunqwa kunye neqhwa.
Amava abonisa ukuba ukutya okugcinwe kumaqondo aphantsi aphantsi kancinci ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwesondlo kunezo ezigcinwe ngokumisa okanye ukugaya. Kodwa ukutya okukhenkce kunye nokutya kwangoku kunokusongela impilo yempilo ukuba iimfuno ezithile zokulungiselela nokugcinwa kwazo azidibene.
Izindlela zokutya eziqandayo
Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zeemveliso eziqhumayo zanamhlanje. Ukutya okufudumele ngokukrakra ngabantu abaye bafumana inkqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi "iphosa ngokukhawuleza". Ngokutsho kwakhe, ummandla we-crystallization ephezulu usasazeka ngokukhawuleza ngokubhekiselele kuhlobo lokutya, ukushisa okufezekileyo ngexesha lokuzinza kwe-thermal kuzo zonke iindawo zokutya akudluli -18 ° C kwaye ihlala iqhubeka. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuveliswa kweemveliso zokutya ezichithwe ngokukhawuleza kusetyenziswa kuphela izinto ezigqityiweyo ezigqityiweyo zobungcono. Ukulungelelaniswa ngokukhawuleza kwemveliso yokutya kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo kunye nezindlela ezifanelekileyo. Ziye zenzelwe ukunciphisa ubunokwenzeka bemichiza, i-biochemical and microbiological changes in food.
Ukutshatyalaliswa "ukutshitshiswa" okanye okuthiwa "blastfreezing" kwenziwa kwiimigodi epholiweyo apho ipakriyorthane ipaneli yakhiwa. Le ndlela yokuqandisa ifanelekile iintlanzi kunye nemveliso yeentlanzi, inyama, inkukhu kunye nemifuno. Kuye kubonakala ukuba i-frosting enye yeendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kweemveliso zenyama, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Ngokukhawuleza iqabunga, ingonakaliso encinci kwimpembelelo kwimveliso.
Funda iilebula zokutya eziqingqiweyo
Oku kubalulekile ukuze ukwazi ukubunjwa kweziqulatho zokutya ezinqabileyo kunye nenani leekhalori kuzo. Izondlo ziyacetyiswa ukuba zikhethe ukutya ezizityebi kwiivithamini A no-C, iiprotheni, isinyithi, i-calcium kunye ne-fiber. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inxalenye yokutya okukhawulezileyo okuvelisiweyo iveliswa ngendlela efana nokutshintsha ukutya okutsha njengoko kunokwenzeka. Inani leekhalori kulo akufanele lidlule i-300-350 (okt 12-14 g amanqatha amaninzi, ama-4.5 g amanqatha amaninzi, i-600 mg okanye ityuwa engaphantsi, i-0 g. I-fatgenic yeoli, i-15 g iprotheni kunye ne-3 grams cellulose). Kwezinye iimeko, nangona kunjalo, iikholori ezininzi ziqhelekileyo, ukutya okunqabileyo kungenakho okwaneleyo isidlo sasemini okanye isidlo sakusihlwa. Yingakho abaninzi abondlo bezondlo bacebisa izitya ezigcotyiweyo ukuba zizaliswe ngamasaladi, zitshintshe imifuno okanye iziqhamo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukwanda kwe-fiber, okunceda ukuzalisa umzimba ngaphandle kweekhalori ezongezelelweyo, kuya kunikwa.
Ukutya okutywebileyo okanye okufudumele - okungcono?
Injongo yokupholisa (kunye nokuqhwala) yinkqubo yeekhemikhali ezityhutyayo ekudleni okuchaphazelwa yi-microorganisms kunye ne-enzymes. Ukukhula kwama-bhakteria kumisiwe kwiqondo lokushisa--5 ukuya kwi -8 ° C, kunye nokuphuhliswa kweefungi-kwi -11 ° C. Ukongeza, amaqondo aphantsi okushisa anciphisa umsebenzi wee-enzymes, kodwa angayimiseli imveliso. Ukupholisa kunganciphisa inkqubo yokuvelisa, kodwa ingayithinteli. Oku kubonisa ukuba iimveliso zokutya ezifayo zixhamle ngokucacileyo, kuba izinto eziphilayo zihlala kuzo iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwethathu ukususela kumhla wokuveliswa. Kwinkqubo yokubanda, iqondo lokushisa lihlala li-18 ° C kwaye liphantsi, apho amabhaktheriya akakwazi ukukhula kwaye ke ngoko ixesha lokugcina lide.
Soloko ukhetha ukutya okupakishwe kakuhle!
Ukupakishwa kokutya kuklanyelwe ukukhusela ekungcoleni nakwiimpawu ezinobungozi. Ukongezelela, ngokubulela kwi-teknoloji ekhethekileyo yokupakisha, ukulahlekelwa kwezakhiwo ezixhamlayo zemveliso kuncitshiswa kakhulu. Ukuqhwala, ukupakishwa okufanelekileyo kuyimfuneko. Ukuba iphakheji lonakaliswe, ukungena kwemoya akukhawulelwanga, ngelixa ukutya kukungcoliswa, i-pesenti ephakamileyo yamanqatha atholakala kuwo, kwaye iipropati ezixhamlayo zilahleka ngokungenakwenzeka. Iinkqubo ezingenakukhokelela ekutshintsheni kwintetho kunye nokubunjwa kwezinto ezinobungozi nazo zivela ngenxa yokupakisha embi. Kungcono ukuba iibhegi zikhutshwe emoyeni, ezinceda ukugcina amavithamini kunye neemaminerali kwimveliso. Kule njongo, kwiimveliso ezifanelekileyo zokuvelisa, iipompu ezikhethekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukupompoza umoya ngaphandle kwiphakheji, ukudala umbane.
Kufuneka ikhunjulwe ukuba ukutya kunye nokupakishwa kokulimala kungaba yingozi kwimpilo yabathengi. Ukusetyenziswa kwabo kunokukhokelela ekuqhenqeni, ukunyuka kwesifo, isifo sohudo okanye ukuzitywa. Akufanele lilibaleke ukuba iimveliso ezinqamlekileyo azikwazi ukufakwa kwinqanaba elincinci, kuba sele lilungele ukusetyenziswa.
Akungabazeki ukuba iimveliso zokutya ezinqabileyo ezikhuselekileyo zigcina ixesha lethu kwaye ezandleni zogunyazi abanokukwazi ukuziphendulela zibe yidlo elihle-eluncedo kwaye elihle. Kodwa, ngakwelinye icala, umntu akanakuze aqiniseke ngomgangatho ophezulu kunye nemvelaphi yeemveliso. Ngaloo ndlela, ukutsala imifuno ngenkukhu ebosiwe kakuhle ekhaya kuya kuba bhetele kakhulu kuneziqhathaniso ezinqabileyo.