Olu hlobo lentsholongwane alukaze luqhutywe ngokupheleleyo, olunika amathuba amaninzi okwenza uphando olongezelelweyo, ukudalulwa kunye nenkcazo yokuphazamiseka kwezilungiso.
Inqobo yegama elithi "alalia" liye lahlaziywa kwakhona kwaye laguqulwa. Ingxabano phakathi koososayensi iyaqhubeka, kwiimeko zesigama, iindlela zokulungisa, kunye nokuhlelwa, phantsi kwe-alalia. Namhlanje, abaninzi abangaphantsi kwe- alalia baqonda ukungabikho okanye ukuphuhliswa kwentetho, ngenxa yokulimala komhlaba kwiindawo ezithile zentetho ye-cortex ye-cerebral. Ngokuqhelekileyo isifo esinjalo siqhubeka nangaphambi kokubeletha okanye ekuqaleni kwexesha lomntwana.
Yintoni uAlilia?
I-Alalia yinkqubo yokuphuhliswa kwentetho, apho i-fonotiki-gonemic aspect iphulwa, kunye ne-lexico-grammatic system.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa isifo esinjalo senzeka, inkqubo yokwakhiwa kwentetho, njengomthetho, iya kwenzeka kwiimeko zesifo se-pathological system. Ngokwembonakalo yayo kunye nobukhulu bokuphuhliswa kweelwimi, u-alalia ulungelelanisa.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokwemiqathango yokuhlukaniswa kwefom, isifo sele sahlula kwiiklasi eziliqela. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yindlela yokwenza i-alalia. Olu hlobo lusekelwe kwimiqathango yokuqwalasela indawo yangasese yengqondo yengqondo.
Iindidi ezinjalo ze-alalia:
I-Motor alalia - (i-centre kaBraca) ibonakaliswa yimphazamiso kwicandelo eliphambili le-analyzer yemoto;
I-alalia ye-Sensory ihamba kunye nesilonda seyona nxalenye ephambili ye-analyzer yokuphindaphinda, kwaye ibonakalisa njengesilonda se-third post ye-gyrus yexesha eliphezulu;
I-Sensomotor alalia - ngokuqhelekileyo idibanisa iimpawu ze-alalia ezikhankanywe ngasentla.
Ukulungiswa.
U-Allaia, njengalowo nawuphi na isifo, ulawulwa unyango kunye nokuthintela. Ukunyangwa kwe-alalia kukulungiswa kweziphene eziphumayo ngoncedo lwefuthe eliyinkimbinkimbi kwisizathu.
Indlela enzima phantsi kwe-alalia ijoliswe ekubunjweni kwayo yonke imisebenzi yokuthetha, kwaye iyinkqubo ende kunye nexesha elichithayo. Ngenxa yesilungiso, umntu unokubona impembelelo kwindlela yokuthetha, ukuphuculwa komsebenzi wokuqonda, ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo, ukuphuhliswa kwezakhono zeemoto, ukuveliswa kwemibalo yokuqala yeemathematika, ukwakheka kwimiba yendawo yemimoya, njalonjalo. Umsebenzi wokulungisa ujoliswe ngokuyinhloko ekunqobeni i-motor alalia, ukudala iindlela zokuthetha. Umsebenzi wenza kwintetho kunye nobuntu ngokubanzi, iipatheni zophuhliso lomsebenzi wenkulumo kunye nemithetho yesakhiwo kwinkqubo yolwimi ithathwa ingqalelo. Ngaloo ndlela, xa wenza zonke izinto ezifunekayo: iinjongo zenziwa; ukuchithwa kwalo kweloxical kwenziwa; kukho ukukhethwa kweendlela ezifanelekileyo kunye negrama; Ukulungiswa kwegrama kuzaliswa; inkqubo yangaphakathi yento; Injongo yokuthetha iyakhiwa;
Ukucebisa intetho yokuthetha kuthetha, ukuqala ngokukwazi ukusebenzisa ulwazi ngokufanelekileyo, ukulungiselela imimandla eyahlukeneyo, nokulawula amandla. lathiso olubalulekileyo nolunempumelelo luphuhliso lwezenzo ezingabonakaliyo kunye nentetho. Ngokuqhelekileyo le ndlela isetyenziselwa iimpawu eziphambili zesifo.
Indlela yokuthetha nomntwana?
Ubunzima bokuthetha, kubangela ukuphuhliswa komntwana okungapheliyo, ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuthetha rhoqo, kunye nazo zonke iinkqubo ezihambelana ngqo nentetho. Emva koko abazali banombuzo, njani ukuhlela ukuthetha nomntwana ongeyathethiyo kwintsapho? Umgaqo oyintloko kubazali ulungiso lwexesha elifanelekileyo, kunye nokuqhagamshelana rhoqo nomntwana. Ngenxa yoko, enye inyaniso kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Ubomi bomntu buncinci kwisigqi esithile, njengoko kubonakaliswe yisigxina senhliziyo, ukunyuka kweentshukumo zeentsholongwane, utshintsho lwamaxesha, ixesha lemihla, njalo njalo. Ngoko ke, xa usebenzisana nomntwana ongathethi, sebenzisa le mfanelo. Xa uthetha, bambelela kumzekelo wesigxina. Inketho efanelekileyo yokunxibelelana iya kuba iingoma kunye nezibongo. Ukongezelela, iingoma zeengoma kunye neengoma zinokukhethwa kunaliphi na ithuba. Enye incomo ekusebenziseni inxibelelwano yevesi yinyaniso yokuba njengokuba abantwana banengqiqo ecacileyo yevesi, ngoko ke le nkqubo iya kusebenza kakuhle. Kwakhona, xa uthetha, sebenzisa ukuvumelanisa kwentetho kunye nokunyakaza kwamalungu amaninzi. Kukulungele ukusebenzisa ukuhamba kweelbow kunye namagxa asegxeni. Kwakhona, ngexesha lokunxibelelana, kufuneka usebenzise izicwangciso eziphuhliswe ngohlobo lwezabelo zemidlalo. Ukufumanisa iinqwenelelo neemfuno zomntwana, sebenzisa impawu, ngelixa uhlala ubiza amagama, amagama, izenzo zakho. Bhengeza yonke into, ngokugqithiseleyo ukugxininisa isilluli nganye. Ngokomzekelo, xa usinika ukutya, qalisa isingqisho esincinci, okanye uthi "ku-sha-ti" ngokucacileyo, ngelixa usebenzise isenzo esifanelekileyo esineenkcenkceshe, okanye usungulwe nguwe, ucingisise ngamakhono omntwana.
Musa ukumnyanzela umntwana ukuba aphinde, okanye acwebe, ukuba kukho into engafanelekanga. Yiba nezolile kwaye ubekezele, ungakhohlwa ukudumisa umntwana wakho impumelelo. Khumbula ukuba kuphela ukudibanisa nophatho, sebenza kunye neengcali kunye nomsebenzi wakho othe ngqo nomntwana onokuwufezekisa umphumo oyifunayo. Musa ukuvuselela umntwana ngoqhagamshelwano, makhe aphumle, xa efuna into ethile, makhe azame ukuxelela malunga nalo. Nangona umntwana engenanto, qalisa ukuzola, zama ukuqiqa isifiso sakhe uze umcele ukuba abonise, okanye athi (isandi) oko akufunayo. Ngaloo ndlela, ngokucwangcisa ukunxibelelana nomntwana ongeyathethi, uya kwenza umbutho wesicelo-sicelo-umphumo kumntwana.