Xa sithetha ngabantwana, inkulumo ethi "ukugwitywa kwiglasi yamanzi" ayizwakala ingenangqondo. Uya kumangaliswa ukuba izinto ezinobungozi zingaba njani kubantwana, esiyicinga ngokukhuselekileyo. Yintoni engaba yingozi yangempela ebomini kunye nempilo yabantwana - oku kunye nokuthetha.
Vula ilanga
Umthamo obulalayo we-ultraviolet kumntwana iiyure ezintlanu phantsi kwelanga elivuthayo. Ngomhla kaYulayi umhla, uchithe phantsi kwelanga laseYiputa, unokuba ngowokugqibela ebomini bomntwana. Kwanele ukuhlala kwiiyure ezingama-2 ukuya kwe-4 phantsi kwelanga ukufumana ukushaywa kweshushu. Ubonakaliso bokuqala bubuthathaka, utywaba, intloko, isandi ezindlebeni. Emva koko ukushisa komzimba kuphakama phantse kwi-40 ยบ C, i-pulse nokuphefumula kuya kukhawuleza, umntwana uqala ukuhlambalaza. Emva koko uxinzelelo lwegazi luya kuwa kwaye uya kuphelelwa amandla. Kunzima kakhulu ukwahlula iimpawu zentsholongwane yokutshatyalaliswa kwabantwana abancinci abangakwazi ukuthetha okubakhathazayo. Ewe, kunye ne-dose ebulalayo yelanga kubantwana abanjalo banokuthi bangaphantsi kwamaxesha amaninzi kunabantu abadala. Gcina umkhondo wengxelo yomntwana wakho ukuba ube selanga. Ehlabathini lokutshatyalaliswa kwamathambo, abaninzi abantwana abaninzi bafa kunokuba ucinga.
Nicotine
Akunjalo nangengozi yokutshaya umntwana. Abaninzi babo "baphefumula" i-nicotine ukuze bafe. Idiza elibulalayo kumntu omdala yi-cigarettes ezingama-85 ngelo xesha. Kwaye umntwana uya kukwanela kunye neshumi. I-Nicotine yiyona nto iyingozi kakhulu. Iingcingo ezichasene nale netyhefu zivame ukufa kwi-nicotine kwisilinganiso sama-50 mg kilogram yesisindo esiphilayo. Ngokutsho kwezifundo zangoku, ngomzimba womntu, ezi nkcukacha ziphantsi kwaye ziqala ukusuka kwi-0.5 ukuya kwi-1 mg nganye ngekhilomitha yesisindo. Ingxaki kukuba oko kuthiwa "ukutshaya ukutshaya" kuyingozi yinto ebomini kwimpilo yomntwana, kuyingozi nakakhulu kunokubhema. Emva kokucima umsi wesigare, umsiyi uphosa into enetyhefu kwi-gas - nicotine igesi. Kulula ukungene emiphakeni, ngokukhawuleza isebenze ngokuthe ngqo kwingqondo. Isantya sawo esincinci sanele ukwenza umntwana alahlekelwe okanye azihlasele. Ukuba ugcina umntwana egumbini lokutshaya ixesha elide - oku kuya kubangela iinkqubo ezingenakwenzeka kwi-body kwaye zingakhokelela ekufeni.
Utywala
Umthamo obulalayo kumntu omdala iibhotile ezintathu ze-vodka. Ngabantwana, imeko ilula kakhulu kumntwana omncinci ukuba abe neglasi yebhiya ukuze atyhelelwe utywala obunamandla kakhulu aze afe. Utywala usebenza kumntwana nangaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe, ukuba unina, ukhulelwe, utywala kakubi. Sekuqaleni kwinqanaba lokuphuhliswa, utywala obuchaphazelekayo buchaphazela ukusebenza kwazo zonke iinkqubo kunye namalungu omntwana, obangela ukungalungi okukhulu kunye nokuguquka. Umzimba womntwana omncinci awunakulinganiswa ukuphelisa i-toxins (eyona yomeleleyo yiselo yotywala), isibindi sakhe asikwazanga ukucoca igazi ngokukhawuleza kwaye kungekho miphumo. Nangona umthamo omncinci wotywala, xa ungabhubhi, ngokufanelekileyo uphathise impilo engakumbi yomntwana. Kwaye mhlawumbi ubomi bam bonke.
Multivitamins
Uya kumangaliswa, kodwa iivithamini ngokubanzi zimela ingozi yangempela ebomini kunye nempilo yabantwana. Umthamo obulalayo kumntwana iipilisi ezili-500 ngosuku. Ngokuqinisekileyo, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abagcina loo maqhinga ekhaya ngelo xesha, nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobuthi obubi, i-dose ethobekileyo yanele. Ewe, iivithamini zingasongela ubomi. Naluphi na ukubonakaliswa kwe-hypervitaminosis kunobungozi kakhulu kune-avitaminosis. Olu hlobo lokugqibela lunokunyangwa ngokuthatha ikhosi ye-vitamin therapy, kodwa ngokubonakalisa okwesibini akunakwenzeka ukuhlangabezana nayo. Ngenxa yobuninzi bamavithamini, umntwana uqala ukulahla izitho enye ngomnye: kuqala isibindi, ngoko iintso, isisu, amathumbu. Iimpawu zokuqala zokugqithisela kwamavithamini zi: intloko, utywala, ukuphefumla okufutshane, ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo, ukulahlekelwa yintliziyo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa.
Ukugqithisa kwe-vitamin B1 kukhokelela ekusebenziseni intsholongwane kunye neentso, i-vitamin B12 - ukunyuka kwingozi kwintliziyo, ukukhawuleza kwegazi, i-vitamin D - ukuthathaka, ukoma, ukuhlanza, umkhuhlane, ukwanda kwengcinezelo yegazi, ukuphefumula ubunzima, intliziyo epholileyo. Ukugqithisa i-vitamin E emzimbeni wabantwana kunokubangela izifo ezixubileyo, i-thrombophlebitis, i-necrotic colitis (ukungaphumeleli kwintsipho, ukubola kwegazi, ukuphazamiseka kwesifo somzimba).
Kodwa iivithamini zisenokuba luncedo kunokuba zonakalise. Ukuba uthabatha ngokufanelekileyo, kwii-doses eziboniswe kwimigaqo, iivithamini aziyi kuzisa ingozi ebomini kunye nempilo yabantwana.
Ityuwa
Mhlawumbi wayengazi le nto, kodwa umthamo weetyuwa obulalayo kumntwana ungama-gram ayi-100 ngesidlo ngasinye.
Iingcaphephe zenziwe kwiigumbi ezibonisa ukuba i-3 grams yetyuwa nganye ngeekhilogram yesisindo esiphilayo singakwazi ukubulala izilwanyana. Kodwa akusiyo yonke into engabonakaliyo. Umbuzo oyintloko yilezi zi-100 gram eziza kutshaba. Ukuba ngokukhawuleza kwaye kungekho nkunkuma - umntwana owenza oku akunakwenzeka ukuba aphile. Ngenxa yokuba ityuwa engaphezulu kunokuphakamisa uxinzelelo lwegazi, oko ngokwalo sele kuseyingozi kakhulu kubomi kunye nempilo yabantwana! Kodwa oko akusiyo yonke into - ukusetyenziswa ngokweqile kwetyuwa ngokuqhelekileyo kuhamba kunye nokuvuvukala okukhulu (1 g ityuwa kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwe-100 ml ye-fluid emzimbeni). Kodwa eyona yingozi kakhulu i-edema yengqondo kunye nemiphunga, ngenxa yoko ukufa kuya kuza.
Ikhofi
I-dose ebulalayo kubantwana iikomityi ezingama-50 ze-espresso ezinamandla. Uyamangaliswa? Le ngqiniso yenzululwazi ebonakalisiweyo: isifo esibulalayo sika 92 mg nge-1 kg yesisindo sokuphila. Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nobutyebi ngabanye kwi-caffeine kumntu wabantu abaphakathi kwe-150 ukuya kwi-200 mg. Ngoko umthamo oqhelekileyo wokubulala umntu omdala uza kuba ngama-12 amagremu e-caffeine, kunye nomntwana-amaxesha amaninzi ngaphantsi. I-espresso eqinile neyinyaniso ivela eItali, kodwa ekuhambeni kwethu akuqhelekanga. Umzimba wethu awuhambisani nokutya i-caffeine enkulu. Enyanisweni, le nto ifana ne-adrenaline, kwaye yingozi kubantwana. Ewe, kwaye abantu abadala bayingozi. Emva kwakho konke, iikomityi zeekhofu eziyi-150 (oku kuphela i-4.5 litre) zanele ukubulala umntu.
Amanzi
Oku kuyinto engaqinisekiyo, kodwa umthamo wamanzi omntu omdala ngowama-8-10 ngelitha ngosuku. Izondlo zithi xa zichitha iikhalori ezili-1000, ireyitha eli-1 yamanzi kufuneka itywe. Umyinge omdala udla i-2000-2500 khalori ngosuku ngexesha lokutya, ngoko kwizinga afuna ukulisela ukususela kwi-1.5 ukuya kwi-2 ilitha amanzi ngosuku. Ukugqithisa kwamanzi amaxesha ama-3-4 kunokukhokelela ekuthiwa ngetyhefu ngamanzi okanye ukuxhala, okubangelwa ukuphulwa komncuba weetyuli emzimbeni.
Kwimeko yabantwana, yonke into ibaluleke ngakumbi. Iizintsho azikwazi ukuqhuba umthamo ogqithiseleyo we-fluid ngokwayo, ukuxinwa kweetyuwa kunciphisa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye amanzi aqala ukuzalisa isikhala sangaphakathi. Ngenxa yoko, konke oku kuholele ekuvupheni kwengqondo nemiphunga, kwaye kungekudala kuya kufa. Kwaye into eyona nto iyenzeka kukuba xa kwenzeka utyhefu ngamanzi, akukho nto inokuyenza. Ukwenza umzimba ngokukhawuleza ukuphelisa amanzi amaninzi akunakwenzeka.
Umbane
Le ngongoma, mhlawumbi, akukho mntu uyathandabuza. Umthamo obulalayo kumntu omdala ungaphezu kwe-0.1 ampere. Umntwana ukwanele kakhulu uxinzelelo. Ukuthelekisa: ngexesha lesigwebo sokufa kwizihlalo zombane, ezigcina ukufaneleka kwayo ubuncinane ezintandathu zase-United States, okwangoku kusetyenziswa ukuya kuma-6 amps! Isiphumo salo nyaka siphezu kwemizuzwana engama-20, ngokufa kusenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa umbane wendlu uyingozi kakhulu. Inkolelo, ukuba uthatha isikhombiso eside kunye nezandla ezimanzi uze uyifake kwisiseko, apho i-voltage eyi-220 volts, uya kufumana ukukhutshwa kombane ukusuka kwi-0.1 ukuya ku-0.2 amperes. Emva kwemizuzwana 1-3 ukuphefumula kwakho kuya kukhubazeka, intliziyo yakho iya kumisa, ukufa kuza. Akufuneki ukuthetha, kwimeko yabantwana le ngcamango ingaqhuba. Musa ukuzithemba nabantwana abadala (7-9 ubudala) ukuba basebenzise izixhobo zombane ngokwabo. Akunakusebenza ngokugcwele, kwaye isiphaluka esifutshane singenzeka nanini na.
Ukuluma umgquba
Umthamo obulalayo kumntu omdala unama-500 000, ukufumana abantwana-100 000. Le nto kuphela xa kungekho nto yokungabikho komzimba. Ubungqingili besetyhini, obunomlinganiselo we-2.6 mg, unako ukusondla igazi ngokuzilinganisela, malunga ne-5 mg okanye i-0.005 ml. Igazi li malunga ne-7% yenani elipheleleyo lomzimba womntu. Emzimbeni omdala omalunga nama-5,5 ilitha egazi. Unokulahlekelwa ufike kwi-15% yegazi lonke ngaphandle kokunciphisa impilo yakho, kodwa ukulahleka okuchaphazelekayo kwe-2 ukuya kwe-2,5 ilitha kunokubhekwa njengesifo esibulalayo. Ngoko ke, xa ujikeleza ehlathini, utywa ngumyinge wezigidi zezibini - ishishini lakho libi kakhulu. Ingozi yangempela ebomini kunye nempilo yabantwana imelwe ngamawaka ayikhulu.