I-asthma isifo esivuthayo se-airways, apho kunzima ukufumana umoya emiphakeni kwaye uyisuse kwimiphunga. Ngethuba lokuhlaselwa kwe-asthma, imisipha yekhontrakthi ye-bronchi, kukho ukuvuvukala kwimbonakalo ye-airways, ukunyuka kwemoya kufutshane, kwaye izandi ezinomlilo zivakala ngexesha lokuphefumla. I-asthma ibonakaliswe ngokubunjwa kwe-mucus. Uninzi lwezigulane ze-astmma zinamaxesha okuphefumula okufutshane, okutshintsha kunye namaxesha angabonakaliyo. Ukuthungatha kungadlulela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiintsuku eziliqela, kuba yingozi xa ukunyuka komoya emzimbeni kuncitshiswa kakhulu.
Izizathu zokuhlaselwa kwe-asthma kubantwana:
- Inhalation of allergenens (izinto ezibangele ukubola): iinqununu zobumnandi bokufakelwa kwiitoni, izilwanyana ezinothuli, isikhunta, impova yezityalo.
- Izifo zokuphefumula.
- Umsebenzi wezobugcisa.
- Umoya obandayo, umsi wocuba, ukungcola kwendalo.
- Ukuxinezeleka.
- Ukutya (ukutya kokutya).
- Amachiza, njengezilwanyana ezichasayo kunye ne-aspirin.
Abaninzi be-asthmatics banembali yokunyamezela - bona ngokwabo okanye amalungu abo entsapho, umzekelo we-hay fever (i-rhinitis ye-allergen) kunye ne-eczema. Kodwa kukho i-asthmatics, apho kungekho nanye yezihlobo ezinokuphefumula.
Iimpawu
- Umkhuhlane weHum nokuphefumla
- Iqala ngokukhawuleza, ngokuqhelekileyo, iphela yodwa.
- Kwangathi uMeyili angaqinisa ebusuku okanye kusasa, emva kokuzikhandla okanye ekuchaphazelekileyo kubanda.
- Ukuphucula ngokusetyenziswa kwe-bronchodilators (iziyobisi ezandisa i-airways).
- Isikhumba nge-phlegm (mucus) okanye ngaphandle kwayo.
- Emva kokuzivocavoca, ukuphefumula kuba nzima nakakhulu.
- Xa ukuphefumla, ulusu lukhutshwa phakathi kwembambo.
Izibonakaliso ezifuna amanyathelo okongxamiseko:
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
- Inkathazo ephazamisayo ebangelwa ukuphefumula.
- Ubuso obomvu nemilomo.
- Ukutshiza rhoqo, ukujuluka.
- Ukulala nokudideka ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kwe-asthma ye-bronchial.
Imisebenzi yenyama kunye neemidlalo zangaphandle ziyimfuneko kubo bonke abantwana, kwaye abantwana abangabantwana be-asthmatic ayifani, nangona iimeko ezingama-80% kunzima ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwimidlalo. Kodwa ungagqithisi ngaphezu komntwana ophethwe yi-asthma kwaye umthintele ukunyamekela ngokwenyama, ingakumbi ukususela kwimivuzo ye-psycho-emotion nakwezenhlalakahle zemidlalo iyaziwa. Emva koxinzelelo, wonke umntu uziva ekhathele kwaye unokuphefumula. I-asthmatic engazange iqhube imidlalo iya kudinwa ngaphezu komntwana ophilileyo. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukumqhelanisa nemidlalo ngokuthe ngcembe, ukuze afunde ukwahlula ukuphefumula okuqhelekileyo ekuhlaselweni kwe-asthma ye-bronchial. I-Asthmatics inokuyenza nayiphi na uhlobo lemidlalo (ngaphandle kwe-scuba diving), kodwa ezinye zifanelekile ngokukhethekileyo kubo.
I-Athletics, ibhola yebhola kunye nebhoksibhoksi ngokuqhelekileyo ibangele i-sponms ye-bronchi. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukubhukuda kwisibilini sokungena umoya (umoya ofudumele kunye nomoya oshushu), i-gymnastics, igalofu, ukuhamba ngamandla kunye nokuhamba ngebhayisikili ngaphandle kokunyuka kwentaba kufaneleke ngakumbi kwi-asthmatics. Imidlalo yeTennis kunye nebhola iyahamba, kodwa idinga ukutshintshelwa kwimizamo, ngoko ke iyanconywa kunye nobugcisa bokulwa (i-judo, ikarati, i-taekwondo), ucingo, njl. Akucetyiswa ukuba udibe nge-scuba diving kuba kunokubakho uxinzelelo lwe-scuba, Ngaphantsi kwamanzi, i-asthma ayikwazi ukususwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kunzima ukwenza ulawulo lokunciphisa imfuneko olukhuselekileyo, ukuba ukuphefumula kunzima. Imidlalo yeentaba (ukunyuka kweentaba, ukuhamba nge-skip, njl.) Yinkinga ngenxa yesidingo sokuphefumula umoya obandayo kunye oomileyo, kodwa unokupheliswa ngokukodwa ngamaski kunye neenqanda.
Ukwahlula phakathi kwe-asthma emnene, ephakathi. Kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo, kukho iifom zokuqala ezimbini ezibanjelwayo kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokuhamba. Ngendlela ephezulu kakhulu yesifo se-asthma, iimpawu zihlala zihlala ziqhubeka. Isifo se-asthma sinakho ukuhlukaniswa ngemvelaphi: ukwahlula phakathi kwesifo se-asthma esineengxaki (i-80% yamatyala kubantwana) kunye ne-asthma engapheliyo, apho izizathu ezingabonakaliyo zingabonakaliswa. Ezi zimpawu zingaphinde zongezelelwe ngabanye:
- Ukongezwa kwamakha.
- Ubuhlungu kwisifuba.
- Ukuqonda ukuqina kwesifuba.
- Ukuphulwa komdlalo wokuphefumula, ukubambezeleka kokuphefumlelwa.
- Ukuphelelwa kancinci kokuphefumla.
- Ukuziva ukuxhatshazwa.
Ukuxilongwa kwe "astmma" kusekelwe, okokuqala, ngesiseko se-anamnesis yomntwana kunye nobukho bezimpawu ezingentla. Ukongezelela, kuyimfuneko ukuchonga iimpawu zokuthintela: ukuma kwazo, ixesha phakathi kwazo, izinto ezinokubangela, ukudibanisa neenguqu zonyaka, ukuphuhliswa ngokubanzi kwesi sifo. Ukufundwa ngokubanzi kwirekhodi yonyango yomntwana kuyimfuneko ukukhuphela ezinye izifo zokuphefumula, iimpawu ezifana neempawu ze-asthma. Ukuxilongwa okusebenzayo kwenziwa ukuvavanya umlinganiselo wokukhutshwa kwamanzi; Ngenxa yale njongo inqanaba lomlinganiselo wamandla emiphunga (i-spirometry) lwenziwa. Nangona kunjalo, kwisifundo esinjalo, uncedo lomguli luyadingeka, ngoko lufanelekile kuphela kubantwana abaneminyaka engama-6.
Unyango lwe-asthma
Imikhomo emithathu apho uphando lwe-asthma lusekwe khona:
- Thintelo. Ngaloo nto kuthetha ukuthintela kuzo zonke izinto ezibangela ukuxhatshazwa.
- Qeqesho. Uqeqesho lomntwana wesibalo kunye nabazali bakhe liyintloko yamatye. Ukuba umntwana unesifo sokuphefumula kwesifo se-asthma, i-spirometry kufuneka yenziwe xa ihlola. Oku kungumlinganiselo ongenabuhlungu wamandla emiphunga kunye nesigqi sokuphefumla. thintelo. Kubalulekile ukuba abazali baqonde ukuba sisiphi isifo, bazi iziganeko kunye neempawu, ukwazi ukusebenzisa amayeza, imidlalo yemidlalo kunye nokuzivocavoca, njl.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Iindidi ezintathu zamachiza ziyaziwa: ziphazamisa ukuveliswa kwezinto ezibangelwa ukuphazamiseka okwenzayo okuthintela isenzo saloo nto, kwaye ekugqibeleni, kunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokukhutshwa kwe-bronchi (umzekelo, i-cortisone derivatives kunye ne-bronchodilators). Ngoku siyazi indlela i-asthma ye-bronchial yabantwana, iimpawu zesi sifo.