Yintoni i-cholesterol?
I-biologically, i-cholesterol yenye yezona zibalulekileyo kubameli be-sterols - izinto eziphilayo zeqela le-steroids yezinto eziphilayo zendalo. Njengoko kwakutshiwo ngaphambili, kuthatha inxaxheba ngqo kwi-metabolism.
Nangona kunjalo, i-cholesterol inamanani amaninzi amaninzi. Ngoko umxholo wayo ophezulu ungakhokelela ekuphuhliseni i-atherosclerosis. Inqanaba eliphakamileyo lomxholo walo egazini liyakubonwa kwisifo sikashukela, isifo, umfutho wexinzelelo, i-hypothyroidism, ukukhuluphala, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwe-cerebral circulation, izifo zesibindi kunye nezinye izifo. Kukho nokuba nokuncipha kwe-cholesterol, umzekelo, ngezifo ezilandelayo: izifo ezigugu kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo, ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo ephezulu kunye negazi eliqhubekayo kwisibindi, izifo ezininzi ezithathelwanayo, i-hyperthyroidism.
I-cholesterol ayichithisi emanzini, kodwa iyakuncibilika kwizinto ezinjengotywala, i-esters, i-acetone, nezinye i-solvents eziphilayo, kunye namafutha ezityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Ukubaluleka kwe-biological ye-cholesterol ngokukwazi kwayo ukwenza i-esters xa usabela ngamafutha e-fatty. Ngokwenjenjalo, ukubonakala kwekhampani elubala kakhulu kubonakala-le propati kwaye isetyenziswe ekufumaneni uvavanyo lwegazi nge-cholesterol.
Imisebenzi yeCholesterol
I-cholesterol inomsebenzi wempilo - yenza i-bile acids emzimbeni womntu, ngesondo kunye ne-horticone ye-corticosteroid, i-vitamin D3.
Iqulethwe kuyo yonke iseli yomzimba womntu, exhasa ifom yabo. Ukuba udidi lweembrane zeseli, liqinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa kwabo okukhethiweyo kuzo zonke izinto ezifaka iseli kwaye ziphume. Uthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokulawula umsebenzi wee-enzyme zeeseli.
Inkqubo yokwehliswa kunye nokupheliswa kwezinto ezinobuthi ezivela emzimbeni zenzeka kwakhona ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwe-cholesterol. Ukuguqula kwi-acid acid, inxalenye ye-bile kwaye ithatha inxaxheba ebonakalayo kwinkqubo yokutya ukutya. Izifo zesibindi zithintela ukuphazamiseka kokubunjwa kunye nokukhululwa kwe-cholesterol, ekhokelela ekugcinweni kwayo kwigazi kunye nokufakela ngeendlela ze-atherosclerotic plaques kwimida yegazi.
Ebudeni bemini malunga ne-500 mg ye-cholesterol emzimbeni womntu i-oxidized to bile acids, malunga nomlinganiselo ofanayo kukhishwa ngamanqatha, kunye namafutha enyama-malunga ne-100 mg.
I-cholesterol "Incedo" kwaye "inobungozi"
I-cholesterol yinxalenye yeeprotheni-fatty complexes (lipoprotein) i-plasma yegazi lomntu kunye nezilwanyana. Siyabulela kulezi zinkimbinkimbi zidluliselwa kwiisculi kunye namalungu. Okubizwa ngokuba yi-lipoprotein complexes of low density (LDL) kumzimba omdala unokuqulethe malunga ne-70% ye-cholesterol, malunga ne-9-10% yalo inxalenye yeepoprotein (VLDL) ephantsi kakhulu (VLDL), kwaye malunga ne-20-24% ye-cholesterol iqukethe i-lipoproteins ephezulu (HDL) . YiLDL ekhuthaza ukubunjwa kwee-atherosclerotic plaques ezibangelwa i-atherosclerosis. Kukwabunjwa kweLDL kwaye "yingozi" ye-cholesterol.
Kodwa i-HDL inefuthe elichasene ne-atherosclerotic. Izifundo zibonise ukuba ubukho bakhe kwigazi lezinye izilwanyana ezenza ukuba bangabi nako ukuhlakulela i-atherosclerosis. Ngaloo ndlela, i-HDL iqulethe "i-cholesterol" enokubaluleka, eyadluliselwa kubo ngenxa yokupheka kwesibindi.
Ngaphambili, kwakukholelwa ukuba yonke i-cholesterol yimbangela ye-atherosclerosis, ngoko oogqirha bancoma ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kokutya kunye nomxholo ophezulu. Namhlanje sele seyaziwa ukuba isizathu sokuphuhliswa kwe-atherosclerosis ngokuchanekileyo ngamafutha esilwanyana esisuka kumthombo we-LDL, kwaye zizityebi kwi-acids fatty saturated. I-atherosclerosis idala i-carbohydrate, eyenziwa lula ngomzimba, eninzi kakhulu kwiiskese, kwi-buns. Kodwa ubukho bemifuno ekudleni komntu, okuyimthombo we-HDL, oko kukuthi, "incedo" ye-cholesterol, ibaluleke kakhulu, kuba kukuthintela i-atherosclerosis.
Isiqhelo somxholo we-cholesterol egazini
Ngokuphathelele nayiphi na into ekhoyo egazini, i-cholesterol inemigangatho yayo yomxholo wayo, ngelixa amadoda aphezulu amanqaku aphezulu. Ngoko i-cholesterol iyonke kufuneka ibe ngowama-3.0-6.0 mmol / L, inqanaba eliqhelekileyo le-cholesterol "elibi" (i-LDL) li-1.92-4.82 mmol / l kwaye "incedo" (i-HDL) - i-0.7- 2.28 mmol / l.