Ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele: unokuthetha ntoni ngaye?

Enye yeenkqubo zokuqala zokuxilonga ugqirha esabelana nathi kukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele. Kungakhathaliseki isizathu sokuba idilesi yethu kumgqirha phantse naluphi na okhethekileyo, sihlala senza oku kuhlalutya. Isizathu salokhu kukuba igazi lelinye lamanzi abaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Ingena phantse zonke izitho kunye nezicubu. Ngokukhawuleza utshintshe ukubunjwa kwayo ekuphenduleni nakuphi na ukuphulwa kwabo.

Izalathisi eziphambili ezivandlakanyiswayo kwiimvavanyo zegazi jikelele zi:

Erythrocytes

Okanye, njengokuba kuthiwa, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, zizinto eziphambili zegazi lethu. Inani labo liqhelekileyo kubafazi kunye namadoda ahluke. Kubasetyhini: 3,5 - 5,5, kunye namadoda: 4,5 - 5,5 trillion kwithayi yegazi. Ukuncipha kwenani labo kuthiwa yi-oligocytic anemia. Inokubakho ngenxa ye-hematopoiesis engafanelekiyo okanye ukulahleka kwegazi okungapheliyo.

IHemoglobin

Eli qela, eliqulethwe ngamaseli obomvu kwaye lenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wegazi-ukudluliselwa kwe-oksijini kwimiphaphu ukuya kwezinye izitho, kunye ne-carbon dioxide emiphakeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inani labasetyhini liyi-120-150, kunye namadoda: 130-160 iigremu nganye ilitha yegazi. I-hemoglobin ephantsi ithetha ukuba igazi alikwazi 'ukubopha' nokuhambisa i-oksijini eyanele kwiiscupu. Oku kudla ngokuba yimeko yegazi.

Umbala we metric

Le xabiso ebonisa umlinganiselo we-erythrocyte kunye ne-hemoglobin, i-e. zingaphi iiseli zegazi ezibomvu zizaliswa nge-hemoglobin. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isalathisi silingana no-0.85 - 1.05. Inkcazo ephezulu yambala ingabonisa ukunqongophala kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kwizinga eliqhelekileyo le-hemoglobin. Emva koko i-erythrocytes iya kuba "ininzi" kunye ne-hemoglobin. Oku kwenzeka, umzekelo, nge-folic kunye ne-B-12 ye-anemia. Ukunciphisa isalathisi sombala kubonisa ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi azizaliswe ngokupheleleyo nge-hemoglobin. Oku kwenzeka xa kukho ukuphulwa kwemveliso ye-hemoglobin. Ngokomzekelo, ngenkunkuma ye-anemia.

Hematocrit

Lo mgangatho phakathi kweeseli zegazi (izinto ezibunjiweyo) kunye ne-fluid (plasma). Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-hematocrit iyahluka phakathi kwama-36 ukuya kuma-42% kwabasetyhini kunye nama-40 ukuya kuma-48% kumadoda. Ukwanda kwenkcazo kuthiwa yi-hemoconcentration ("thickening" yegazi), kwaye ukwehla kuthiwa yi-hemodilution ("dilution" yegazi).

Platelets

Ezi iiseli zegazi zinoxanduva lokuqhawula igazi xa kwenzeka umonakalo we-vascular. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ziqulethe izigidi eziyi-150 ukuya kuma-450 kwithayi yegazi. Ukunciphisa inani leeplatelet (thrombocytopenia) likhokelela ekuphulwa kwegazi lokucima. Kwaye ukwanda kunokuba ngumqondiso we-tumor yegazi.

Leukocytes

Ezi iiseli zenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yegazi, zinika ukhuselo lokuzivikela. Kubantu abanobuchoko, eli lathisi libubanzi bee-4 ukuya kwi-9 ezigidi zeeseli nganye ngeyure yegazi. Ukuncipha kwinqanaba le-white cell libonisa ukuphulwa kwemveliso yabo (okwenzekayo xa i-marrow bone ithatshazelwa), kunye nokunyuka-malunga nesifo esivuthayo. Ukwanda okwenyuka kwi-leukocyte (ezininzi iininzi okanye amakhulu) kwenzeka ngeethambo zegazi.

Ifom lekocyte

Le isethi yeesalathisi ezibonisa ipesenti nganye ye-leukocyte. Ezi zinto okanye ezinye izinto eziphambukayo kwifom ye-leukocyte zibonisa iimpawu zenkqubo ye-pathological eyenziwa emzimbeni. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umxholo we-neutrophils ukwandisiwe, ngoko sinokuthetha ngentsholongwane yesifo sesifo, kwaye ukuba i-lymphocytes-malunga ne-virus. Ukunyuka kwama-eosinophil kubonisa ukuba kaninzi ukuphendulela, i-basophils - kwiimvumi zegazi, kunye ne-monocytes-kwi-infection ye-bacterial.

Isantya se-sedimentation

Lo mgangatho apho iiselom zegazi ezibomvu zihlala phantsi kwepayipi yokuhlola ngegazi. Kwindoda enempilo, ivela kwi-1 ukuya kwi-10 mm / h, kunye nakowesifazane: ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-15 mm / h. Ukunyuka kwesalathisi ngokuqhelekileyo kubonisa ukuvuvukala.

Akufanele lilibale ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo ngokuhlaziywa kwegazi kuphela. Ngenxa yoko, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela inombolo yenani lokuxilonga. Kuphela, ugqirha kuphela onokuyihlolisisa ngokuchanekileyo.