Izindlela zokuphuhlisa ukucinga kwizingane zasesikolweni zingancedisa umntwana ukuba afunde ngehlabathi elikujikelezayo, ukukhumbula ngeenxa zonke izinto ezikujikelezayo aze enze izigqibo ezithile. Ukuphuhlisa iintlobo zokucinga kuyimfuneko ngeendlela ezithile kunye nemithetho.
Indlela yokuhlakulela ingcinga engundoqo?
Iingcamango ezicwangcisekileyo "isihlunu" esiyinhloko, esikuvumela ukuba ufike kwizigqibo ezinengqiqo xa usombulula iingxaki. Ngoko ke, kwindlela yokuphuhlisa ukucinga kwizingane zasesikolweni, kubalulekile ukubandakanya le nto.
Ukuqala ukuphuhlisa ukucinga okubalulekileyo kuyimfuneko ukususela kwiminyaka yobudala. Ngenxa yoko kuyimfuneko ukuba "ubeke izinto ngokulandelelanayo" ngolwazi lwe-kindergarten kwi-kindergarten. Namhlanje, abantwana badinga ukufumana umlinganiselo omkhulu wolwazi oluninzi kwaye konke oku kwaziwa "okujikelezayo" badidekile kwiintloko zabo. Ukuze uhlakulele olu hlobo lokucinga, kubalulekile ukufaka imisebenzi kwifom yemidlalo. Ingane kufuneka ifikelele ukunqumla okulungileyo kokungalunganga. Ngokomzekelo, umtshele i-story story, ukuba wayelumkisa kwangaphambili umntwana ukuba xa ebona into ephosakeleyo kuyo, makatsho ukuba oku kwenzekayo. Xa uneminyaka yobudala bomntwana, ubunzima kakhulu imeko imeko yefesti kufuneka ibe. Ngendlela enjalo ekhululekile kwaye evuyayo, ufundisa umntwana ukuba ahlukanise phakathi kokusemandleni kwaye akunakwenzeka kwaye umkhuthaze ukuba akhe ukuqonda okubalulekileyo.
Ubuncedo bokusebenzisa imifanekiso. Ngokomzekelo, umfanekiso ubonisa isilwanyana esingekho, kufuneka ucele umntwana ukuba yintoni umculi oyenzile apha. Khumbula, kubafundi besikolo sokufunda akulukhuni ukuhlukanisa izinto ezingabonakaliyo ezibalulekileyo.
Indlela yokuphuhlisa indlela yokucinga?
Ukucinga okubonakalayo kuqala ukudala abantwana abasesikolweni. Kulo nyaka, umntwana uyavuya ukuba asebenze ekudwebeni, ukulandelelana kweplastiki kunye nokuyila. Esoloko ivela phambi kwemisebenzi yentsana efuna ukucinga into ethile engqondweni, ncedisa ukuphuhlisa ngokufanelekileyo olu hlobo lokucinga.
Ukuhamba nomntwana ukuhamba, ungakhohlwa ukumbonisa iintyatyambo, izilwanyana, imithi. Thetha ngezenzo zezilwanyana (ukuxuma, ukugijima). Nika ingqalelo kwizakhono zokwahlula imibala, imilo, ubukhulu. Dlala neentsana kumabali endala.
Uneminyaka eyi-3-4 ubudala, sebenzisa indlela yokuphuhliswa kwengcamango engokomfanekiso. Injongo yakho ukufundisa umntwana ukudala imifanekiso engqondweni yakhe. Ukuze senze oku, sithatha kwaye sibhala ephepheni isangqa, kwaye ukusuka kuso senza umgca phantsi. Emva kokubuza umntwana - yintoni le? Umntwana unelungelo lokutyundela imibutho yabo, nangona bengachukumisi ibhaluni esesithombeni. Ukuba unabantwana ababini, bhengeza ukhuphiswano, ngubani oya kuninzi yamanyano egama. Njengoko ukhula, zama ukunyanzelisa imisebenzi. Umzekelo, senza inxalenye yomfanekiso kwaye sibuze umntwana ukuba aqedele inxalenye yakhe ekhoyo.
Kwakhona, isikolo sokufunda esikolweni singanikezelwa ngokusetyenziswa kanzima, okwenza iimpawu zejometri. Ukwenza oku, bhala isangqa kwicala lasekhohlo kwiphepha, ngakwesokudla udwebe iindawo ezi-3 zezi ngqungquthela, ucingisise ukuba enye yazo ayikho. Emva koko sinika umntwana ithuba lokufumana izicwangciso ezi-2 ezichanekileyo ezenza isangqa. Lo msebenzi ungenziwa namanye amanani.
Indlela yokuhlakulela ukucinga kwengqondo kubantwana?
Uphuhliso lolo hlobo lokucinga ngoncedo lwezakhono ezikhethekileyo luya kunceda umntwana, ngexesha lokungena kwakhe kwibanga lokuqala, ufunde ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye aqonde ukufunda, kunye nokudala kwakhe ukuqonda izinto zokuqala zeemathematika.
Isiseko sokuqala kule ndawo kufuneka singabonakali kubantwana kwaye sibe nefomu yemidlalo okanye incoko. Umzekelo, kutheni utshani buxhambileyo, ophilisayo, njl. Nangona umntwana egqiba impendulo yakhe, ujoyina ngokupheleleyo umdlalo.
Xa umntwana esele ethembele kwizigqibo, mnikeze ukulungisa iingxaki zobomi. Umzekelo, kufuneka uhambe ngesonka, kwaye isitalato iya kunetha, yintoni endiyenzayo? Ekugqibeleni, mdumise umntwana ngokucinga kwakhe okuchanekileyo, kwaye bonke abanye bacele ukuba aqikelele.
Ukuba umfundi wesikolo esikolweni uyayazi isisombululo semizekelo ekhethileyo yezibalo ze-arithmetic (inombolo enye incinci okanye ngaphantsi kweyesibini), ukucaca, uyibonise ngendlela yezinto: "Ndineepenisile ezi-5, ndathatha 3, zikhona ezi-2 zazo, akuncinci?".