Ukufundisa umntwana ukuba asebenzise ibhokhwe kuyimfuneko yokuba oomama emhlabeni wonke bajongane. Kwaye nangona ingxaki enye, izisombululo kwilizwe ngalinye ziyahluke, ngamanye amaxesha azinzi-standard kwiqondo lethu. Yonke into ebizwa ngokuba yintlukwano kwiingqondo, ezikhethiweyo zelizwe "ukuzala." Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba asikwazi ukuboleka into kumazwe angaphandle kwaye siyisebenzise ngempumelelo! , okokuqala, ukuzola kunye nokunyaniseka kwintembeko enomnqophiso ongenakuzimela ngaphandle kwe-flagellation ("Hayi, mna ungumama omubi, kuba umntwana wam engazi indlela yokusebenzisa ibhodi kwiinyanga ezintandathu \ iminyaka engama-2".) Andikwazi - ukufunda, wenze , xa kufika ixesha, xa liza kulungela! Ngoko ke, okokuqala umgaqo obalulekileyo, esiwuboleka kumama kwamanye amazwe: ukuzola, ukuzola! Yonke into inexesha layo!
Ngehlabathi kwi-thread
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokufundisa abantwana "ubuchule" baseMpuma Yurophu kuphela: bonke bangabalwa, okwenziwe kanye kanye nguNjingalwazi P. Accardo waseKirginia Medical College (USA), owakhankanya amaqela ama-3 eendlela:
Ukuxhomekeka kwimbiza kwiiveki zokuqala zobomi bomntwana. Le ndlela isekelwe kakhulu ekufundeni ukuba ngokukhawuleza ukufundela umntwana kwi-pot, kungakanani ekuphuhlisweni kweengcamango zangaphandle kumama ofunda ngezinye iimpawu zangaphandle (ukugabisa umntwana, ukuxhalabisa) ukuqonda xa intombazana ifuna ukuya endlini yangasese.
Ukuxhomekeka kwimbiza ngexesha lomntwana iinyanga ezili-18. Ijolise kumntwana, kungale minyaka ukuba ukukhula komzimba kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo kuqhutyelwe, ngenxa yokuba umntwana angakwazi ukulawula ukucoka nokuchaswa.
Ukuxhomekeka kwimbiza ngexesha leminyaka engama-3. Inkqubo "enobuqili" isetyenziswe kuloo minyaka yobudala xa eqala ukuxelisa abadala kwaye ekugqibeleni, ipuzzle ngombuzo othi: "Kutheni ndikhona kwi-diaper, kwaye umama nobaba bam?".
Ekuqaleni? Kuqala. Kuqala!
Kwilizwe lethu, njengamazwe amaninzi ehlabathini lonke, kude kube phakathi kwekhulu leminyaka elidlulileyo, ukhetho lunikezelwa kwindlela yokuqala - oko kuthiwa ukuqeqeshwa kwangaphambili. Oku kwakuchanekile: kwakungabikho i-diapers, iimashishini zokuhlamba, kunye noomama babenomdla kakhulu ekufundeni ukuba basebenzise ngokukhawuleza. Ihlala iyimfihlelo, kutheni, ngokungafani nehlabathi lonke eliqhubekayo, sisoloko sihambisana nale ndlela? Kutheni inqubo elula yokuzimela embizeni (xa kwenzeka ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye ngaphandle kokunyanzelisa) idala iimvakalelo ezininzi kunye nokuphikisana okukhulu. Mhlawumbi, ngenxa yokuba oogogo kunye noomama, abaye bahluthwa ngempumelelo kwimpumelelo enjengeenkomfa kunye noomatshini bokuhlamba, baqhubeke becinga ukuba oku kuchanileyo. Yaye ke yintoni imbono yokuxhamla kwabanye xa kufunyaniswa ukuba kumntwana wakho, ukuba ngubani-malunga nexhala! - unyaka sele usenxibe i-diaper elahlayo. Kwaye ngoku umama osemncinci uqala ukungazithembi aze aphumelele "imfazwe yangempela."
Kodwa le nto yinto embi. A ndi kholelwa? Jonga kule ncwadi, eyapapashwa kuma-1930 akude, i-Gessel "Incwadi yokuThuthukiswa kwengqondo yoMntwana," apho isikolo sokuqeqeshwa kwamathambo saqala khona, ngokusekelwe kwimimiselo yenyama yokuphuhlisa abantwana, ngokutsho kophando lukaGessel, oluqhutywe ngamabini amawele, apho umntu afundiswa khona ibhokhwe kusasa, kwaye okwesibini - emva kweenyanga ezi-15-18, ukuqala esikolweni ukuya kwipumbi akuzange kube negalelo elilungileyo. Oko oomama abaye banakekelwa ngqalelo kwiminyaka yobudala abazange baholele kwizakhono eziqhubekayo, kwaye Kwakunzima kwaye kungekho mzamo, ngoko kuyacelwa, ngoko kutheni uzithuthumele wena kunye nomntwana? "UBenjamin Spock, owathi waqala ukufundisa umxholo wokulungela komntwana ukuqonda lo mkhono, wacetyiswa ukuba enze igalelo lakhe ekuhoxisweni koqeqesho lwangaphambili kwisayensi yombumbi, kwaye kule nxu lumano abazali abakhuthazwayo ukuba bangabi msinya .
Ulungele ukuhamba kunokuba ungakho?
Izifundo ekufundiseni abantwana kubhodeni zenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo kulo lonke iphela leminyaka yokugqibela, kwaye konke oku kwakhokelela ekubeni inkqubela phambili yezobugcisa eNtshonalanga yaphela ukuba iphumelele, kwaye ubudala obuqala ukuba abantwana baqalise ukuqonda obu bulumko buguquke kwiinyanga ezi-7 ukuya kwezi-20. Ngelo xesha, oko kubalulekile, isimo sengqondo sabazali kulo mbandela sitshintshile - izinga lokungenelela kwabo kwinkqubo linciphile. Ngamanye amazwi, omama nabafana bayeka ukukhathazeka malunga nendlela ubuhlobo bomntwana kunye nebhodi eqhubeka ngayo. Okwangoku, eNtshona, isigaba sokuqeqeshwa kozinzi-nto sihlala ixesha elide phakathi kweenyanga ezili-18 neye-36, kwaye kuxhomekeka kwindlela abazali abaphatha ngayo le nkqubo. Omnye, kwaye ngonyaka nangesiqingatha kubonakala ngathi lixesha, kwaye umntu 3 ngokukhawuleza ibhekisela ekubeni umntwana uhlala e-diaper. Ngokomzekelo, kubonakaliswe ukuba ukunyamezela ebhodweni akuxhomekekanga kuphela kwilizwe lokuhlala kunye nemali yengeniso yentsapho, kodwa kwakhona - umfazi osebenzayo okanye osebenzayo. Kukholelwa ukuba ukuba umfazi usebenza, kunoko uqala ukuqhelisela umntwana ebhodweni kuba unomdla wokumenza abe ngumntu ozimele ngokukhawuleza.Singaba sicinga ukuba le ndlela ayimangalisa, kodwa ithi kuphela akukho nto eyoyikisayo kwinqanaba lokuqala ukuya esikolweni ukuya ebhodweni. Kunoko, umntwana ukhula, kwaye unina akazinzi kakhulu, kwaye uqeqesho luqala kwiinyanga ezili-18, xa zonke iimpawu zokulungela komntwana ukuqonda olu buchule kubonakala (ukukwazi ukulawula ngokucacileyo umsebenzi wamathumbu, ukukwazi ukuvakalisa iminqweno yomlomo, ukucela ibhokhwe, umnqweno wokuziphatha "njengobunzima.") Ngamanye amazwi, umntwana ulungele, akayikukhumbula ukufunda izinto ezintsha, kwaye uqala ukwenza ngokuthe ngcembe ngaphandle kwengcinezelo kubantu abadala.
Kwaye kuyimfuneko
Ngoku, kubonakala ngathi, ukuba yonke into imilingo kwaye ilula, kutheni ungayeki ukukhathazeka ngako? Ewe, ucinga, akuyi kuba nomntwana ukusebenzisa ibhokhwe kwiminyaka emi-2 ubudala. NgokwaseTurkey efanayo, umzekelo, baqala ukufundisa abantwana ukuba bazenzele inkonzo kwi-22-28 iminyaka, kunye naseSweden naseHolland - ngo-32-37, kwaye akukho nto, akukho mntu oye wakhula.
Ewe, ukukhathazeka, ngokuqinisekileyo, akufanelekanga. Kodwa akukho mfuneko yokuvumela izinto zihambe ngokwazo. Kukho konke kuyimfuneko ukuhambelana nokuqonda okufanayo. Ngokufanayo, isimo sengqondo "esivila" kwisayensi yezinto zobumbanyo kubangela ukuba umntwana ulahlekelwa yimfuneko yesakhono esinjalo, oko kukuthi, kwiminyaka emithathu okanye ngaphezulu, sele sele engacacanga ukuba kutheni kufuneka asebenzise ibhodwe ukuba ngaphambi kokuba asebenze kakuhle nemicimbi yakhe ngoncedo lwe-diaper kwaye isetyenziswe kule meko yezinto. Ngoko ke, oogqirha besigodlo bathi ukukhawuleza ukukhawuleza embhodini kunokubangela ukuxhatshazwa kumntwana (njengobunqanda ebuntwaneni obudala), kukhokelela ekwenzeni ukhetho lokusebenzisa imbiza kunye yangasese, ingakumbi xa sisebenzisa le migomo kwizinto eziyinyani, kusenakucaca ukuba, kwimeko enjalo, ukunika umntwana inkulisa, ukuba kukho imfuno yokuba umntwana afike kubo sele sele enezakhono ezisisiseko zokuzibonela inkonzo (unokuhamba ngebhodi) .
Ukuqulunqa konke oku ngasentla, siza kubonisa ukuba igolide yegolide yinto efanelekileyo kakhulu.
Ukuqeqeshwa kwangaphambili komntwana ebhodweni - akunakwenzeka ukuba unike iziphumo kwaye ukhulule inkathazo eninzi kumama nomntwana.
Ukufika kwexesha elide - kukhokelela ekubeni abazali balahlekelwa ithuba lokufunda ngokwaneleyo ukufunda embizeni, kwaye emva koko-inkqubo yokuqonda ubuchule bombumbi ihambelana nobunzima. Gxininisa ekuphuhlisweni kwentsana yakho, phulaphula ngokunyamekela ukuba ulungele "inzululwazi yabantu abadala." Kwaye ngokukhawuleza xa ubona oku kulungelelanisa (ngokwemyinge, unyaka kunye nesiqingatha iimvuthu), ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye unobtrusively uqala ukuyifundisa.