Ama-hemorrhoids ayenzeka ikakhulu kubantu abadala, nangona amaxesha okuphuhliswa kwawo kwabantwana nakwabadala achazwe. Amadoda ayagula kaninzi kunabesifazane.
Etiology kunye ne-pathogenesis.
Iinkqubo ze-pathogenetic ze-hemorrhoids zichazwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kweziganeko zokudalwa kwezidalwa kunye nokufaka isandla ekuveleni kwamaqhekeza ahamba ngamacandelo amabini aphezulu: 1) iimpawu ze-anatomical zesakhiwo se-venousct region kunye ne-2) nemiphumo emibi kakhulu engapheliyo kwaye ingapheliyo. Kule mibono eningi icetywayo ukucacisa ukubunjwa kwama-hemorrhoids, ezi zilandelayo zifanelwe ingqalelo: 1) i-theory ye-mechanical; 2) osulelayo kunye no-3) inkolelo ye-anomalies yokuzalwa yenkqubo ye-vascular of the anorectal region.
I-mechanical theory ichaza ukuvela kweemfumba-misonto ngempembelelo yezinto ezibangela ukunyuka kwegazi kunye nokunyuka kwengcinezelo yeentlobo kwizitho zeplavic. Ezi ziquka ukuxhamla okukhulu ngexesha lokusebenza ngokomzimba, ukuma ixesha elide okanye ukuhlala endaweni, ukuhamba ixesha elide ngenxa yomsebenzi wokuvelisa, ukuqhaqhazeka okungapheliyo, ukukhulelwa, ukuvuvukala kunye nezitho zeplasvic. Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yale miba, kukho ubuthathaka bodonga olunobulunga, ngokunyuka kwandisa imithanjeni, ukunyuka kwegazi kuyo.
Iingcamango ezithintekayo zichaza ukuphuhliswa kweemvumba ezithintekayo nge-endophlebitis engapheliyo, evela kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezivuthayo kwiindawo eziphilileyo.
Uninzi lwabaxhasayo kwinkcazo yobunzima bokuzalwa be-vascular system ye-anorectal region bakholelwa ukuba imvelaphi ye-hemorrhoids ilawulwa ziziganeko ezingenasisiseko zesakhiwo se-pmus and hemorrhoidal wall.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-etiology, izibilini zihlukaniswe zibe ngama-congenital okanye ifa (kubantwana), kwaye zifunyenwe. Ukufumana izibilini eziqhelekileyo kunokubakho okuphambili kunye nesibini okanye uphawu. Ukwahlula phakathi kweendawo zangaphakathi, okanye eziphambeneyo, zangaphandle kunye nezangaphakathi, apho iindawo ezikhoyo zikho phantsi kweefolda yenguqulelo, okubizwa ngokuba ngumgca weHilton. Ngomngcipheko, izigaba ezingapheliyo kunye nezigulane ze-hemorrhoids zodwa.
Umfanekiso wekliniki.
Kuxhomekeke kwisilinganisi sokuqineka kwamathambo kunye nobukho beengxaki. Kwangexesha elide, izibilini zingabonakali ngaphandle kokuphazamisa isigulane. Emva koko kukho ukuvakalelwa okuthe kancinci kokuphazamiseka, ukuchithwa kwi-anus. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi ziganeko zenzeka xa ukuphulwa kwamathumbu, emva kokusela utywala.
Iklinikhi yesigaba esiphezulu sesifo sincike ekuhlaleni, ubukho kunye nokubandezeleka kweengxaki zesifo. Ngokuqhelekileyo uphawu lokuqala lulopha, olwenzeka ngokukodwa ngexesha lokuchaswa. Ukuqhekeza kwenzeka, njengomthetho, kunye nezibilini zangaphakathi, i-nodes yangaphandle ayifumani. Isigulane sifumana igazi kwizilwanyana, kwiphepha langasese ngamanye amaxesha igazi lehla emva kokuxhatshazwa kwi-anus. Ukuqhekeza kubonakala ngokukhawuleza, igazi lidla ngokutsha, elwandle. Lo umehluko ophuma kumzi wamagciwane emdlalweni womhlaza okanye kwi-colitis engabonakaliyo, apho igazi eliguqulwe lifihliwe ngexesha lokuchasana.
Kwizigulane ezininzi, izigulane zihamba ngokugqithisa ngezihlandlo, ukuvuvukala, ukubola kunye nokuphulwa kwamathambo. Kwizigaba zokuqala zokuxakeka kukho ukuvuvukala okubuhlungu kweendoda, ukuvakalelwa kwe-raspiraniya kwi-anus, ukuvakalelwa kokungahambi kakuhle xa uhamba. Kwinqanaba elongezelelweyo, amaqonga ayenyuka kakhulu ngobukhulu, kukho intlungu enzima, i-edema yendawo yonke ye-anus ibonwa. Defecation ibuhlungu kakhulu.
Iingxaki ezivame ukuphawulwa ngamathambo aquka i-anal fissures, i-anal itching, i-paraproctitis enzima kunye ne-fistula ye-rectum, kunye ne-proctalgia.
Ukongeza kwizinto ezichazwe ngamathumbu, isibini sibonakalayo, esibonakalisa esinye isifo. Iyakwenzeka nge-cirrhosis yesibindi, kunye neesifo se-retroperitoneal space, ne-heartcompensation compensation.
Unyango.
Zonke iindlela zokwelapha izibilini ziyahlukana ngamaqela amathathu: 1) iyalondolozo; 2) ijoyi kunye no-3) ukusebenza. Ngokuxhomekeka kwendawo, ubungakanani beemvumba, ubukho beengxaki busebenzisa oku okanye uhlobo lwonyango.
Zonke iziganeko ezingenakunzima zezibilini zangaphandle nezangaphakathi negazi elingavumelekanga lokuphuma kwintsholongwane zixhomekeke kwonyango olulondolozayo. Isigulane siyaphikisana ngokuthatha ukutya okunzulu, okwesonka, ukusela utywala. Ukutya kufuneka kuqulethe inani elaneleyo le-fiber (imifuno, iziqhamo, isinkwa esimnyama), oko kukuthintela ukuqothulwa. Ngokuzibophezela okuqhubekayo, kungenakulungelelaniswa nokutya, i-laxative enemas iboniswa. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuhambelana nococeko, ukuhlamba emva kwesenzo ngasinye sokuchasana.
Kwiindlela zokwakheka kwe-physiotherapeutic zokunyanga kwama-hemorrhoids, isininzi sinconywa ukuba sisebenzise isitya sokunyuka esiphuthumayo kunye ne-darsonvalization.
Xa kuphuma igazi, ukuvuvukala kwezi nodes kusetyenziswa iintlobo zamachiza. Ngokwegazi elimodareyithwayo, isigulane silala embhedeni, ukutya okuncinciweyo kuyamiselwa. Kwinkqubo yokuvuvukala, i-suppositories ezichasayo ezichasayo zichazwe.
Iimpawu zonyango lotyando lwe-hemorrhoids zi:
- Ukunyuka kwegazi ngokuqhubekayo, kungenakho ukulungiswa kwonyango;
- Ama-hemorrhoids, ehamba kunye nokuwa kwexesha eliphindaphindiweyo, ukuphulwa, ukuvuvukala kwamanani kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi;
- Ukugqithwa kwamathambo, oku kunokukhokelela ekuhlaleni kube sisifo esibi;
- Amathumbu amakhulu, aphula umthetho wesenzo sokuchasana.