Ngaba ufuna ukuba umntwana wakho abe neengxaki zombono? Emva koko ukusuka ekuzalweni, qala ukunyamekela. Oogqirha bathi: Inkqubo yokubonwa komntwana kufuneka iphuhliswe, ingakumbi kwiminyaka yokuqala yobomi xa iqulunqwa. Ndikholelwe, oku kunokwenzeka kwaye kulula. Vumela i-motto yakho eyintloko ibe: "Siyaxabisa amehlo amnandi ngokuzalwa." Funda kwimpilo.
UKUPHATHWA KWEENYANGA 3. Ubuninzi obubonakalayo obusana luzalwa kuphela ngo-0.015, kwaye luye kwanda ukuya ku-0.03 ngeenyanga ezintathu. Umntu omdala onombono onjalo uyimpumputhe. Kodwa oku kwanele ukuba umntwana abone isifuba kunye nombuso wakhe, kunye nobuso babantu abasondeleyo. Amehlo ahlala 'edula' ngokwahlukileyo, okwenza umntwana agxininise amehlo. Kwinyanga yesibini yobomi, umntwana ufunda ukuhlukanisa imibala. Ngako oko, kufuneka abonise ukunyakaza okanye ukunyuka kweemathoyizi, ngokubhekiselele kumbala obomvu nokubomvu (iintsana zabo zivelele ngakumbi kunezinye). Kuwo nawuphi na ubudala, imibala enobuthi nemibane kakhulu ivinjelwe: bayaphupha umbono womntwana kunye nenkqubo yesifo. Ukususela kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi kunye nokuva "ukuncedana", isandi sezinto ezikhokelela kumntwana omncinci ekufuneni amehlo akhe. Sebenzisa oku. Zama ukuqinisekisa ukuba kwintsimi yombono wengane ngokuqhelekileyo kwavela ubuso beentsapho nezinto ezahlukeneyo. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zaqinisekisa ukuba kulo mzekelo, umbono wabantwana ukhula ngokukhawuleza.
KWI-4 ukuya kwi-6 inyanga. Ubuninzi bobuboniso buyanda kwi-0.4. Inkwenkwe iqala ukulandela ngokukhawuleza izinto ezikhanyayo, zilungele ukubukeka kwazo. Amehlo angajonga ndawonye kwinqanaba elifanayo, kwaye umbono wesimo esithe xaxa uvela. Umntwana unokukwazi ukufikelela kwidonti aze ayithathe ngesandla.
UKUSUKA KWE-7 KWANGA-1 KUYAKA-1. Ubuninzi obubonakalayo buqhubeka bukhula kancane kancane. Umntwana unokukwazi ukujonga izinto ezikude kwi-7-8 cm ukusuka kwamehlo. "Uyabona" izinto ozihlambululayo, ukhangele ngokukhawuleza umdlalo othe tye awuboniyo okwangoku.
KWI-1 YEYAKA KU-3 IMINYAKA. Ubuninzi bokubonakala bufikelela ku-0.6. I-Kid ikhangeleka ngokukhawuleza kwi-subject, kwaye ibukela izinto ezihamba phambili ngokukhawuleza. Kwakhona kukho ukuhambelana kokuhamba kwamehlo nezandla.
EMINYAKA EMINYAKA. Ubuninzi bokubonakala bufikelela kwi-1.0 - njengomntu omdala. Ukususela kule minyaka, ungaqala ukufunda ukufunda ngeencwadi ezinobumba obukhulu.
"Yintoni kufuneka ukuba ugqirha umntwana enze ngogqirha weziliso?" Abanye abazali baya kubuza. Impendulo ilula: phelisa izinto ezinobungozi ezingonakalisa umbono wakhe.
Ugqirha wokuqala kuqala uya kuba nomdla, ukuba ubuncinane omnye wabazali unengxaki nombono. Bazuze ilifa. Oogqirha bacebisa ngunyaka wokuqala ukutyelela kwikhabhinethi yeeyayi kanani: kwi-1, 3.6 neenyanga ezili-12. Inyaniso kukuba i-30% yabantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa banomsele okhethekileyo ongenalutho odibanisa isaka lokuliba ekhoneni elingaphandle kweso kwaye ivaliwe yi-epithelial stopper. Ngenxa yoko, ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ukuvutha kwe-purlent sack - i-dacryocystitis. Umsebenzi we-ophthalmologist ukubuyisela ukulungiswa komngcipheko ongenawo umntu, kungenjalo iliso linokuthi lihlupheke kwaye kuya kuba neengxaki ngomboniso kwixesha elizayo. Ebudeni beminyaka yobudala, oogqirha bacebisa ukutyelela isebe lesiso kwi-3, 5 ne-6-7 iminyaka ngaphambi kwesikolo.
Kubonakala ngathi umntwana ubona konke ngokugqibeleleyo, ngoko kutheni kufuneka ahambe kwi-ophthalmologist? Ukuze uchonge ubunzima obubonakalayo obubonakalayo kwaye ulungele imeko ngaphambili, de kube izinto zide kakhulu. Abantwana abancinci bebukele i-TV ngokuzama, zama ukufunda iincwadi, ukudweba-mfutshane, benza konke okuphazamisayo amehlo abo. Ngoko ke, ugqirha uya kuhlola ukuba kukho i-ametropia (hyperopia, myopia), amblyopia (ubuthathaka bombono) kunye ne-strabismus.
Umthwalo omkhulu kunabantwana besikolo seminyaka. Ngoko ke, i-30% yazo yaba yinto emfutshane. Ukususela ekuxinezelekeni rhoqo, amehlo akhathala, aphumele, aphuze. Isantya sokukhubazeka okubonakalayo kubantwana besikolo sinokuyingozi nje. Ngoko ke, umntwana angadinga ukulungiswa okuphuthumayo kombono (ukukhethwa kweziglasi ezintsha, umzekelo) okanye ukusetyenziswa okukhethekileyo ukuyeka ukungonakali kombono. Oogqirha bacebisa abantwana besikolo ukuba batyelele kwikhabhinethi yamehlo kanye, kwaye kube bhetele kabini ngonyaka - ekuwa nasekuseni, ukuvavanya utshintsho kwimbono ngexesha lonyaka wesikolo.
Nceda nceda!
Ingxaki ngombono ibonakala phakathi kwezi zihlandlo ezimbini ezijoliswe kwi-ophthalmologist. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba abazali bazihlole ngokuzimeleyo ukubonakala komntwana wabo? Ngokupheleleyo. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka uqaphele iimpawu zokuqala ezingabonakaliyo. Yintoni emele ikuqaphele?
KWI-1 YEYAKA KU-3 IMINYAKA.
- Iliso elinye kwintsana alivuli ngokupheleleyo xa ehlola into ethile.
- Ukujonga kuwe, umntwana uphendulela intloko yakhe, nokuba uhamba phambi kwakhe.
- Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe umdlalo odlala kuyo, umntwana uya kukhanya.
KWIMINYAKA EMINYAKA EMINYE NAKUBA.
- I-Low igoba ngencwadi okanye kwincwadi.
- Xa into ethile ihlolisiswe ngokucophelela, intloko iyancipha, kwaye iliso elinye lincinci.
- Uzama ukuhamba ngokusondeleyo kwikhompyutheni yeTV okanye ikhomputer.
- Ngokuqhelekileyo ugaqa amehlo akhe.
Qaphela: myopia!
Okanye, ngokwembono yethu, i-myopia, Oku kuyona nto ibonakalayo ebonakalayo kubantwana. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zokukhubazeka kombono - kwi-7-8 kunye neminyaka eyi-12-14. Akunzima ukuqagela ukuba bawela kwiklasi yokuqala kunye nokuguquka komntwana ukusuka kwisikolo esiprayimari ukuya esikolweni esiphakamileyo, xa umthwalo emehlweni okhula. Isizathu esona sizathu kukuba ukuma kweso lombono kuguqulwa. Nge-myopia, kufana ne-oval ngaphezu kwesangqa. Ukugxeka kokukhanya kukhululeka kakhulu, okubangela ukuba imisebe yokukhanya idlule kwiso kwaye igxininise ne-retina. Kwaye zonke izinto ezikude, zisasazeka. Kubantu abanombono oqhelekileyo, ukukhanya kugxile kwi-retina ngokwayo. Kwaye umntwana ubona kakuhle kwaye esondele. Ukuphakanyiswa kweso lesibonakaliso kuyiphumo elichanekileyo lokubhala okungalunganga nokufunda. Kancinci umntwana uyayeka ukwahlula kakuhle ebhaliweyo ngutitshala ebhodini.
I-Myopia ingahlakulela ngokupheleleyo kunoma yimuphi umntwana, ukuba ihlala ingalunganga, ayilandelanga umgama ukusuka kwiso kwincwadi okanye kwincwadi. Kodwa ngokugqithiseleyo umngcipheko ngumntu onye kula maqela alandelayo:
Abantwana babazali be-myopic. Amathuba omntwana ekufumaneni iiglasi ziphantse ukuba zenzeke, ukuba zibona zifutshane kunye noyise nomama. Isizathu sesiphene esizuze ilifa kukubuthathaka kwezicubu ezixhamlayo. Ngenxa yoko, i-eyeball i-sclera isolula ngokulula, kwaye iliso liyanda.
Iintsana ezinokuqala. Uzalwe ngexesha, umntwana ngokusesikweni ubonakala ngokugqithiseleyo - +3 diopters. I-Preterm iintsana ziza kweli hlabathi kunye ne-1 + diopters, eyenza abaviwa babe yimpi emfutshane.
Abagulayo. Kuloo bantwana abantwana i-metabolism iphazamisekile, ukunikezelwa kwegazi kwiso kuyonakalisa. Ngenxa yoko, i-sclera iyakwazi ukulula, kwaye ke i-myopia.
"Umntwana osweleyo". Phakathi kwabantwana abaye bathunyelwa esikolweni ukususela kwiminyaka emithandathu, abaphindwe kathathu njengemfutshane-nje njengabo babeseneminyaka emininzi kamva. Isizathu salo - imisipha ye-intraocular, ekugqibeleni yenziwa ngo-7-8 iminyaka.
Ingqiqo "iso lithembekileyo".
Iliso "livila" liyi- amblyopia yesayensi . Esi sifo, enye yeso sibini isondele (okanye nonke) ingabandakanyeki kwinkqubo yombono. Imifanekiso eyahlukileyo yabona amehlo, kwaye ingqondo ayikwazi ukudibanisa ngokupheleleyo. Ngako oko, umane uphazamise umsebenzi wenye yamehlo. Nayiphi na umzimba, ukuba uyamnika "ukuphumla" ixesha elide, uqala ukuhlaselwa. Iliso eliphilileyo liba yintloko, kwaye obuthakathaka uya kuhlala engasebenzi kwaye "akanakho ukuthatha inxaxheba" kuyo yonke into ebonakalayo, ngoko i-squint iyaqhubeka. Ukunyanga kwesi sifo kuqeshwe iilazi, amaconsi, izenzo ezizodwa, ii-lens zokudibanisa kunye nokulungiswa kombono.
Indlela yokukhusela amehlo.
Masihlale amehlo ethu. Umntwana onesiko sombono, ukuphuka kwiiklasi kuyadingeka rhoqo imizuzu engama-40, kunye nomntwana onomyopia - nganye ihafu yure. Le "tshintsho" kufuneka ihlale imizuzu eyi-10-15. Ngeli xesha, makangaboni ukuba amehlo asebenze, kodwa izihlunu. Vumela umntwana agijime, jonga ngaphandle kwewindow, kodwa ungawuvuli iTV nakweyiphi na imeko. Kodwa kwikhompyutheni ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-8 ngokuqhelekileyo, akufuneki ukusondela. Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-12 bangahlala phambi kweso sihlandlo kungekho ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, umdala-kungekhona ngaphezu kweyure. Kwaye uhlala ephula yonke imizuzu eyi-15 ngemizuzu eyi-15. Yondla umntwana ngeemveliso ezilungileyo emehlweni. Umzekelo, ubisi, i-cottage cheese, izaqathe kunye neklabishi, imifino kunye namajikijolo, i-kefir, intlanzi.
Yenza umthambo womntwana, kuphucula ukujikeleza kwegazi kweso kunye nokutya kwezithambo. Ngezandla zakho, ungakhokheli ngokukhawuleza phezulu ngamaphiko empumlo kumacangca amehlo, ngoko, ngaphandle kokuthabatha izandla zakho, de kube iilebe ziqale kwaye zide zize ziphele. Kwaye ke izihlandlo ezili-18. Vumela umntwana avalile amehlo akhe. Iiliso zakhe zamehlo zifanele zihlaziye, zihamba zivela emacaleni angaphandle kwamehlo ukuya ngaphakathi. Ngexesha elifanayo cinezela ngenyameko ngeentsimbi ezincinci zesithupha.