Hernias zangaphandle
I-hernias yomzimba yangaphandle ikhuphuka ngaphezu komzimba kwaye iqulethe i-bags ye-hernial, edla ngokuqukethe izicubu ezinamafutha kunye (ngokuqhelekileyo) inxalenye encinci yamathumbu. Ziquka: - Inguinal hernia - ibonwe kwi-groin, ngamanye amaxesha ihla kwi-scrotum. I-heroral hernia - yabonwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu lethanga. I-herbilical hernia - iya kwintonga. I-epigastric hernia - yabona kwinqanaba elingasentla kwintonga.
Hernias zangaphakathi
I-hernia ye-diaphragmatic - iziqulatho zesisu esiswini zishiya isiphako kwisithintelo esifubeni; inokufakela imiphunga kwaye ibangele i-asphyxia. Nge-hernia yesisu, isisu sisenza siphumelele ngokuvulwa kwe-sophageal. Inguinal, umbilical and heraph diasyas zivame ukuvela ngenxa yeziphene zokuzalwa kwindonga yesisu. Ingqungquthela yomngcipheko oblique ivela kubangelwa ngokungavumelekanga kwinqanawa apho amathunya ayehla kwi-scrotum ngexesha lophuhliso lwama-embryonic. I-hernia ye-femalia ivela kwindawo apho i-artery yomthambo, umthambo ophezulu wethanga, udlula emlonyeni wesisu esiswini. Uninzi lwamathumbu omzimba lubangelwa ziziganeko ezinyukisayo uxinzelelo lwe-intra-esiswini, njengale:
- ukunyanya;
- ukukhwehlela okanye ukunyanzelisa;
- ukuphakanyiswa kwesisindo;
- khulelwa.
Ukuphulwa komthetho kuphawulwa xa umlenze we-intestinal uqhotyoshelweyo kumasango omnxeba kunye nokunikezelwa kwegazi kuvinjelwe. Ngenxa yoko: ukuhamba kwezinto eziphakathi kwamathumbu kuyaphazamiseka; i-hernia iba buhlungu kakhulu, isigulane sinokuhlanza kunye ne-colic eqinile; ngaphandle kwonyango, i-intestinal loop ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-5 ukuya kutsho kwiiyure ezingama-6 zitshintsha kwaye ziyakwazi ukuphazamiseka; Iintlungu eziqhelekileyo zivela kwisigxina esiswini; kukho ukukhubazeka kwamathumbu kunye neentlungu ezixhasayo-oku kuyingozi. Ngaphandle kwe-hernia embilical ebusaneni, phantse zonke iimeko ze-hernias zomzimba zangaphandle zidinga unyango. Amathuba okuphucula ngokuphumelelayo ayanda kwizigulane:
- u bunzima;
- ukuphepha ukuzitywa;
- ukuyeka ukutshaya ukwenzela ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa ukukhwehlela.
Inkqubo yokuphanda
Ngaphezulu kweminyaka yokusebenza, iindidi ezininzi zamalungu kunye neeplastiki ziye zadalwa ukuze zilungiswe iziphene zodonga zesisu. Amagqirha amaninzi ngoku ngokuphumelelayo usebenzisa i-mesh efanelekileyo kule njongo. Iimithi ze-inguinal kunye neentlobo ze-femini ngoku zihlala ziqhutyelwa kwiiyunithi zokuhlinzwa zemihla, ngamanye amaxesha ziphantsi kwe-anesthesia yendawo. Amadoda ase-hernias aye ahlala echazwe amabhanti, kodwa ayenganeliseki, angathembekanga kwaye afuna unyango olufanelekileyo. Ngoko ngoku azinqabile ukucetyiswa. Uninzi lwezigulane ezinezityalo zokubeletha zingaphathwa ngokulawulwa kwe-asidi ngeendlela ezilandelayo: ukuphakamisa intloko yebhedi; ukuthatha i-antacids okanye ezinye iziyobisi ezithintela ukukhululwa kwe-acid kwisisu; ukunciphisa ubunzima. Amancinci amancinci naphakathi kwee-hernias kubantwana ahlala elala ngaphandle kwonyango. Iintsana ezinama-hernias amaninzi kufuneka ziphathwe ngokukhawuleza. Uninzi lwangaphandle lwengxondorha yodonga lungaphunyezwa ngempumelelo. Xa bengabikho unyango, uninzi lwalo luya kwanda ngobukhulu. I-hernia engabinal inguinal, eshiya ngokusisigxina ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa kakuhle, ingaba yinto enkulu kakhulu kwaye iyakwandisa kakhulu isiqu. I-hernia ye-inguinal echanekileyo yolu bukhulu ayifikeleli. Iimvini zangasese zangaphandle akudingeki ukuba zibe mkhulu ukwenzela ukuba zibe nomngcipheko wokuqhawula ngaphandle kokuba unyango olubulalayo lubulalayo. Kule meko, i-hernias yamakhosikazi inokuthi iphule ngaphezu kwe-hernia inguinal.
I-Hernias ye-sophogeal aperture ye-diaphragm ingaba yinto engapheliyo. Ukuba i-reflux iqala ukuphazamisa isigulane, ngokuqhelekileyo unyango luyasebenza. Ukutyhila ixesha elide kwijusi yesisu kunokubangela ukuba inqumle kwisahluko esezantsi, kwaye kubangela ukuba kunzima ukugwinya. Kwakhona, utshintsho olusisigxina kwi-mucosa yesigxina lunokwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, zonke ezi tshintsho ngonyango oluchanekileyo zibuyiselwa. Ubuncinane kwaba-1 kwabangama-100 abaye bafumana i-hernia, engama-70% angama-inguinal, i-20% yabafazi kwaye i-10% ikhukhumele. I-herlie engumngcipheko oblique isoloko ifunyenwe kwixesha ukususela ebusaneni ukuya kudala. Kwimizuzu engama-30 yee-matyala, iyamanye amazwe, ichaphazela amadoda amaxesha angama-20 ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunabesifazane. I-10-20% ye-hernias inguinal mhlawumbi ingenxa yokulimala kwemisipha kunye noxinzelelo oluthile okanye utyhafu (inqobo ye-hernia inguinal). Zihlala zigcinwa kubantu asebekhulile abaneentlungu ezibuthakathaka, kodwa ziyakwenzeka nakwamadoda amancinci. Ama-hernia angaphantsi kweminyaka engama-15 ayabunqabile kwaye ayichaphazela abafazi kabini ngokuphindaphindiweyo njengamadoda. Umngcipheko omkhulu wokuphuhliswa kwabo kubasetyhini ababelethayo. Phantse ama-30% abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka yobudala engama-50 bafumana ubunzima bokuvulwa kwe-scrageal.