Ukufakelwa kwemfuyo kubhekisela kwinkqubo yokuhlanganiswa kweeseli zesini zesini kunye nesetyhini (isisu kunye neqanda), okukhokelela ekuzalweni kobomi obutsha. Ukufakelwa kwemfuyo ye-ovum, i-excreta, iimpawu zokukhulelwa zifundwa.
Isidlo
Ekupheleni kwesenzo socansi, isilwanyana esilunxwemeni sesidumbu sesidluli sidlula kwisibilini se-uterine. Kwi-cervix yesibeleko, isidoda sondliwa kwisiqhelo se-alkaline se-mucus yomlomo wesibeleko. Emva koko baqhubeka nokunyakaza kwabo, bangena kwii-tublopian tubes (fallopian). Umgama apho udoda udlulayo ngowama-20 cm kuphela, kodwa ekuqwalaseleni ubungakanani beselfestile yesalato, kungathatha iiyure ezimbini ukuwunqoba le ndlela.
Umzabalazo wokusinda
Ngokwe-ejaculation i-average spermatozoa eyi-300 yezigidi ikhutshwe, kodwa inxalenye encinci (malunga newaka elingu-10) iya kufakwa kwi-tube fallopian apho iqanda likhona. Ngaphantsi kufunyaniswa ngqo neqanda. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-spermatozoa ibhujiswe kwindawo engummangaliso yecala lomfazi, kwaye isasazeka kwiindawo ezahlukileyo zegciwane. I-Spermatozoons ifumana amandla okuhluma, emva kokuchitha ixesha elithile kumzimba wesetyhini. Amanzi e-biological of the genital tract agxilise i-spermatozoa, okwenza ukunyakaza okunyanzelisayo kwemisila yabo ibe namandla. Ukuhamba kwenkcenkceshela kwendlela yokuzalwa yesibini kuququzelelwe yiminyango yokubambisana kwesibeleko. I-Prostaglandins equlethwe ngamanzi omzimba, kunye nokugqithiswa kwi-orgasm yabasetyhini, khuthaza le miqobo.
Ovum
Emva kokuphuma kwi-follicle ngethuba le-ovulation, iqanda liyaphunyezwa ngaphandle kwendlela yokugcina i-uterine kunye neentshukumo ezinjengeengqungquthela zeeseli ezibandakanya i-tube fallopian. Ukuxuba kweqanda nge-spermatozoon ngokuqhelekileyo kuvela kwingxenyana yangaphandle yebhubhu ye-uterine malunga neeyure ezimbini emva kokulala ngesondo. Endleleni eya kwiseli yeqanda phantsi kwefuthe lemfihlelo yecala lomzimba wesifazane, i-spermatozoa ilahlekelwa yi-cholesterol yayo, eyanciphisa iimbumba ze-acrosomal. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-calacitation - ngaphandle kokuchumisa akunakwenzeka. Xa sele sele kufuphi neqanda, i-spermatozoon ikhipheka "kuyo". Xa kudibene ne-spermatozoa kunye nomphezulu we-oocyte, iimbumba ze-acrosomal ziyachithwa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye iziqulatho ze-acrosome nganye (i-enzyme ene-sperm cell) yashiya imo.
Ukungena
Ama-enzymes e-sperm isolates iindawo ezikhuselekileyo zeqanda - i-cumulus mass and shell shell. Ukudala imingxuma eyaneleyo ukungena kwi-spermatozoon enye, i-membrane ilahleke ubuncinane iihektare eziyi-100. Ngako ke, ininzi i-spermatozoa efikelela kwi-oocyte "idini ngokwayo" ngenxa yokuzisa enye inambuzane kwi-cytoplasm yayo. Emva kokuqaliswa kwe-spermatozoon kwiqanda, ukuxuba kwezinto eziphathekayo zofuzo kwenzeka. I-zygote esiphumela iqala ukwahlula, ivelise i-embryo.
Ngokukhawuleza emva kokungena kwidoda kwiqanda, ukuphazamiseka kweekhemikhali kubangelwa, okwenza kungenakunceda ezinye i-spermatozoa.
Isigaba sesibini se-meiosis
Ukungena kwe-nucleus ye-spermatozoon kwiqanda kuba ngumqondiso wokugqitywa kwesahlulo sesibini sokunciphisa (isigaba sesibini se-meiosis) esaqala ngexesha lokuvuthwa. Oku kwenza i-galtiid ostida kunye neyesibini yomzimba we-polar (leyo iqhubela phambili iinkqubo ezonakalisayo). Emva koko i-nuclei ye-spermatozoon kunye ne-ovum idibanisa ukwakha i-zygote ye-diploid equkethe impahla yofuzo yabazali bobabini.
Ukwenza umgangatho
Ukwabelana ngesondo lomntwana ozayo kubonakala sele sele kwinqanaba lokuchumisa. Oko kuya kuba, kuxhomekeke kuphela kwisidoda. Ubundlobongela bomntwana buxhomekeke kubukho be-X okanye ye-Y chromosome. Ukusuka kumama, umntwana ufumana i-X ye-chromosome kuphela, kanti evela kubaba unako ukufumana ii-chromosomes ze-X kunye nee-Y. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba iqanda lixutywa yi-sperm ene-X ye-chromosome, i-fetus yomfazi ikhula (46, XX), kunye ne-fetus yowesilisa (46, i-XY) xa ifakwe kwi-spermatozoon ene-Y chromosome.
Ulwahlulo lweselula
Kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kokuchumisa, inxalenye yeemitotic izahlulo zenzeke kwi-zygote, ezikhokelela ekwakheni i-conglomerate yeeseli ezibizwa ngokuba yi-morula. Iiseli ze-Morula zahlula zonke iiyure ezingama-12 ukuya kwe-15, ngenxa yoko ziba yi-blastocyst, equkethe ama-cell angama-100. I-Blastocyst ivelisa i-hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi-chorionic gonadotropin, ekhusela ukuzulazula komzimba ophuzi ovelisa i-progesterone. Phantse iintsuku ezintathu emva kokuchumisa, i-blastocyst iqala ukuhamba kunye nethubhu ye-fallopian ibe yindawo yomzimba. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, akakwazanga ukulwa ne-sphincter ye-tube fallopian. Nangona kunjalo, ukuveliswa kwemveliso yeprogesterone ngomzimba ophuzi, ukhangele emva kokuchumisa, kukhuthaza ukuphumla kwezihlunu kunye nokunyakaza kwe-blastocyst kwisigxina se-uterine. Ukulimala okanye ukugqithwa kwe-lumen ye-tube ye-uterine, ekhusela inkqubela ye-blastocyst kule nqanaba, ikhokelela ekuphuhliseni ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic, apho umbungu uqala ukukhula ngaphakathi kwiphubhu.
Ukukhulelwa okuninzi
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ibhinqa inomdla kuphela kwinyanga nganye (enye iphuma kwi-ovary nganye). Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, amaqanda atyathwa ngokukodwa kwimiba yomibini. Bangakwazi ukuzaliswa yi-spermatozoa eyahlukeneyo, ekhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwamawele e-heterozygous. Kule meko, umntwana ngamnye ufumana i-placenta ehlukeneyo. Ngaphantsi kangangoko iqanda elichumayo lihlukana ngokuphindwe kabini, apho iimbumba ezimbini ezihlukeneyo zenziwa khona. Oku kukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwamawele afanayo, kunye neesethi ezifanayo zeentsholongwane kunye nepentecenta eqhelekileyo. Ukuhlukana okungazalwanga kweqanda emva kweeyure ezimbalwa emva kokuba ukuchumisa kubangela ukubonakala kwamawele e-Siamese.
Ukuphunyezwa
Xa sele ifikelele kwisigxina sesisu, i-blastocyst ifakwa kwi-membrane edibeneyo yodonga lwayo. Amahomoni akhululwe yi-blastocyst ayithintela ukukhishwa kwawo njengowomzimba wangaphandle. Ukususela ekuphunyezweni ngokuphumelelayo kwe-blastocyst, ukukhulelwa kuqala.
Iingxaki zokuphuhliswa
Phantse enye yesithathu yamatyala okutyalwa kweqanda ekhulile ayikho, kwaye i-embryo ifa. Kodwa nangona ukufakelwa ngokuphumelelayo, ii-embrasi ezininzi zineziphene zemizimba (umzekelo, i-chromosome eyongezelelweyo). Ukuphulwa okunjalo kubakhokelela ekufeni kwembungu emva kokumiswa. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kwenzeka ngaphambi kokulibaziseka kokuqala kokuya esikhathini, kwaye umfazi akanakho ukwazi ngokukhulelwa okwahlulekayo.