I-Autism yisifo esinokuthi senzeke kubantwana abaselula kakhulu. Abazali abaninzi bayayiqonda loo nto ichaphazelekayo malunga nesivakalisi. Nangona kunjalo, kubantwana abane-autism, kukho iinkqubo ezizodwa zoqeqesho ezibanceda ngokuthe ngcembe zibe ngabantu abanzi ngokupheleleyo kuluntu njengabo babo ontanga.
Uqeqesho lwesiGaba
Ngoku siza kuthetha ngeendlela zokufundisa abantwana nge-autism. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umntwana ophethe i-autism kaninzi unenkathazo ngokubanzi. Okokuthi, ukuba wena kunye nathi singakwazi ukufikelela kwisigqibo ngentsingiselo yento esiyibonile neyayivile, ngoko umntwana ophethe i-autism kufuneka achaze ngokucacileyo oko akumele akwenze ukwenzela ukufezekisa injongo ethile. Ukuze ufundise abantwana abane-autism, kufuneka usebenzise ubugcisa "Ukudibanisa kwi-generalization."
Yiyiphi intsingiselo yale nkqubo? Yinto yokuba umntwana akalahlekanga kwiimeko ezizenzekelayo. Okoku, kuyimfuneko ukumqeqesha ukuba aqonde imiyalelo enzima ukwenzela ukuba kamva achaze iinkcazo zakho kwaye enze ngokukhawuleza amanyathelo afanelekileyo. Ngokuhambelana nale ndlela, kufuneka ube nako ukukulindela iimeko ngaphambili kwaye uchazele umntwana. Umzekelo, ukuba uyazi ukuba ufuna ukuthatha ithoyizi, kodwa engazi apho ikhona khona, khawuleza utshele umntwana oku okulandelayo: "Ukuba ufuna ukudlala, kufuneka (umzekelo) uvule ibhokisi yesibini uze ufumane amathoyizi apho."
Kwakhona, abantwana badinga ukuchaza ngokukhawuleza yonke imidlalo. Abantu be-Autistic kufuneka baqonde kakuhle indlela yokufumana umphumo kunye nantoni injongo. Umzekelo, ukuba umncinci uphawula iipuzzle, khawuleza umxelele: "Umdlalo uya kugqitywa xa uphawula zonke iziqwenga kule mfanekiso." Kule meko, uya kuqonda oko kuyimfuneko kuye kwaye aqale ukwenza imisebenzi.
Ukufundisa ukugxila ingqalelo
Abantwana abaninzi abanesi sifo banokukwazi ukugxila ingqalelo. Kule meko, ahlukahlukeneyo abalinganiswa abasebenza njengomsebenzi onobuchule kakhulu. Ziyakwazi zombini zibonwe kwaye zivakalise. Umele "unike" umntwana isethi yemiqondiso, ekhumbula ukuba, uya kuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwimeko kwaye angadideki.
Ukufunda ukuhlaziywa kukuphucula iimpendulo ezifunekayo kwiimeko ezintsha xa umntwana engakulungele. Ukubeka nje, ukuba uhlala umchazela oko kufuneka uyenze ukuze ufumane umphumo oyifunayo, ngokugqithiseleyo, umntwana uya kufunda indlela yokufezekisa ngayo.
Isicwangciso sokufunda ngokubanzi
Ngoko, ngokuthe xa siza kuxela malunga naziphi iindlela ezibonisa ukufunda ukuvelisa.
Okokuqala, kunjalo, inkcazo yeemeko zangaphambili, ngokuqaliswa ngokukhawuleza kweempawu eziphazamisayo, ezingabonwa ngumntwana kwimeko. Okokuthi, ukuba ekuqaleni uchaze ngokucacileyo oko kufuneka ukwenze, ngoko ngexesha elifanelekileyo uchaza, unikezele imeko apho into engalindelekanga ibonakala kumntwana.
Kwakhona, le nkqubo iquka ukukhetha izinto ezinokuthi zilandele iimeko kunye nokutshintsha kwabo ngokuthe ngcembe, njengoko kwenzayo ebomini.
Inkcazo yemiphumo emihle yeemeko. Ekuqaleni, zidalwe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye zijika zibe yendalo. Okokuthi, ukuba ekuqaleni ungatshela umntwana ukuba ukuba akayikuthobela, into engafanelekanga iya kwenzeka, ngoko ekugqibeleni ungamxelela ukuba ukuziphatha kakubi kubangela ukuba uhlwaywe ngokwenene.
Imiphumo engenzekayo ifanele ibe sisondele kakhulu kunokwenzeka kwimeko yendalo. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ukhulise ngokukhawuleza ixesha lokusebenzisa okanye ukusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeziphumo. Ngaloo ndlela, umntwana uya kuhamba ngaphaya kwimeko enye kwaye afunde ukuqonda ukuhlukahluka kweemeko kunye neziphumo ezahlukeneyo.
Yaye into yokugqibela ukuyikhumbula ukudala imeko ekhethekileyo kwindawo yendalo eya kubakhuthaza umntwana ukuba avelise kwaye akhuthaze le nyathelo.