Njani, nini na ukuqala ukunika abantwana abancinci? Le mibuzo iphakame ngokupheleleyo phambi komama ngamnye osana. Kubonakala ngathi umama udla ubisi okanye umxube olungelelanisiweyo, kwaye kakuhle, yintoni enye ayifunayo, ngoko uyintsana. Enyanisweni, ubisi lukanina luyona nto iluncedo kwaye luyimfuneko yokutya komntwana kwaye akufanele iqhutywe ukunyusa umntwana ngokutya kwabantu abadala. Kodwa ixesha elide kakhulu ukulibazisa ukuqaliswa kokutya okudibeneyo akufanele kube.
Ngoko, kutheni kubalulekile ukuzisa ukutya okuncedisayo?
Okokuqala, ukunyenga kubangela ukuba kusetyenziswe inkqubo yokugaya inyama kunye nomsebenzi wemoto yamathumbu omntwana, kukhuthaze ukuphuhliswa komsebenzi we-enzymatic kunye nesondlo sokutya.
Okwesibini, ngokunyamezela umzimba womntwana, izilwanyana kunye neeprotheyini, i-carbohydrate eyahlukeneyo, i-acids acids, i-fibers ye-dietary, ekugqibeleni, ii-vithamini, eziyimfuneko ekukhuleni nasekuphuculeni kwayo, ziwela emzimbeni womntwana.
Okwesithathu, ngenxa yenkqonkqo, umntwana ufunda ukuhlafuna nokugwinya ukutya, eqina ngakumbi ekuhambeni kokubisi, ufumanisa indlela enomdla kunye neentlungu.
Kwaye, okwesithandathu, kukho ukuguqulwa kokuhamba kwintsapho kwidata elifanayo.
Ndiyavuma, zonke izizathu zingentla zifanelekile ukunakwa.
Xa kuyimfuneko ukuzisa umntwana kwindawo entsha yokutya?
I-World Health Organisation (i-WHO) isincoma ukuqala ukondla umntwana kungekudala kuneenyanga ezili-6, ukuba umntwana usekutsaleni ngokufanelekileyo, emva koko. Ngokuqinisekileyo, wonke umama uyasombulula le ngxaki, kodwa yintoni okumele uyikhangele. Ukulungiswa kunokuqaliswa ukuba:
-Umntwana waqala ukulinganisela kabini xa ezalwa
-Umntwana unokuhlala ngokwakhe okanye ngenkxaso, ubeka intloko kwaye uya kukwazi ukula ukudla, ukuba akayithandi
- umntwana waqala ukukhupha amazinyo
- phuhlisa ukunyakaza kweentshukumo
- umntwana usalamba emva kokuncelisa, ubonisa umdla kumdla omdala
Ufanele uqale ukukhwela phi?
Phantse kwiminyaka eyi-10 ukuya ku-15 edlulileyo, ukukhwela kwaqaliswa nge-semolina porridge, okanye i-apple juice kunye namazambane ahlambulukileyo. Ngoku oogqirha bezilwanyana banombono ohlukileyo: kukhuthazwa ukuba uqalise umntwana ukuba ahlambulule imifuno. Esi siphakamiso sichazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: kwimifuno kuninzi iivithamini kunye nezamaminerali, i-puree yemifuno ayimnandi kwaye umntwana uya kuyidla ngokuzithandela kunokuba emva kokuziqhelanisa neziqhamo ezinonophelo ze-puree okanye i-porridge.
Kufuneka ukuba uqale nge-puree yecandelo elilodwa. Ingaba yi-zucchini, i-cauliflower, i-broccoli - imifuno encinane ye-allergenic. Emva koko unokuzama iidroti, ithanga, amazambane, i-turnips. Ukuba ixesha lokusondla kokuqala liwela ngexesha apho kungekho sityalo esitsha sityalo (ebusika, entwasahlobo, kwangoko kwasehlotyeni), ke kungcono ukuqala ngamazambane ahlambuluweyo. Ngokuphathelele izimbiza, le ngcebiso-ayithengi imveliso emininzi evela kumvelisi ofanayo ngexesha elifanayo, thabatha abaxhasi beenkampani ezahlukeneyo, kuba kukho njalo ukuba kungenzeka ukuba umntwana angayithandi inkcazo yeziqulatho kwimbalo, ngoko uya kukwazi ukunika enye into. Kwaye unako ukunyamekela ukunyuka kwexesha elizayo ngaphambi kokuba ufeze imifuno esuka kumyezo wakho okanye abo baqinisekileyo.
Imifuno emitsha nganye iqala ukunika i-teaspoon encinci, ngokukhawuleza isanda isahlulo. Ukulungiswa kufuneka kunikwe ngaphambi kokuba ubisi (umxube), kusasa. Kubalulekile ukujonga ngokuthe ngqo ukuphendula komntwana kwimveliso emitsha nganye (isityhi isenokutshintsha, i-rash ibonakale). Ukuqaphela nayiphi na into engeyiyo, ukukhwela kufuneka kukhutshwe kwaye kuphinda kuphinde kwaqhelaniswe nalo mva kamva. Emva kokuzama ezimbalwa iintlobo zemifuno, iya kwi-puree ye-two-component.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba akufanele uvelise nantoni na entsha ukuba umntwana engaphilile, unesifo somkhuhlane okanye ukunyanzeliswa, ukuba isitofu sokugonywa sinikezelwe, ukuba ukuphazamiseka kukuphazamisekile.
Uhlobo olulandelayo lokutya luya kuba yi-milk-free cereal (i-buckwheat okanye ilayisi), isiqhamo se-puree, ijusi. I-puree yezithelo kunye nejusi kufuneka inikwe ngokufanayo kwimveliso efanayo (i-apple sauce, ijusi ye-apple, i-pear puree, ijusi yamapare). Xa ukhetha ukutya ukutya okuncedisayo, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulelwe ukuba ezinye iifuno zinyanzelisiwe, kwaye ezinye zinefuthe lokuxhamla emathunjini omntwana (ziboshwe: iiperi, ibhanana, i-blueberry, i-weak, i-apula, i-peach, ipum).
Emva koko imenyu yomntwana iyanwetshwa ngenxa yemveliso yobisi yobunzima, inyama kunye neentlanzi zentlanzi. Kwi-mash kunye nemifuno ye-puree e-creamy, ioli ye-sunflower yongezwa, kunye ne-yolk yenkukhu okanye amaqanda esinqanawa.
Ngoko ngokuthe ngcembe, inyanga emva kwenyanga, ukutya komntwana kuya kuba ngakumbi. Ulunye uhlobo olutsha lwesondlo olongezelelweyo lusetyenzisela ukutyisa ubisi lwebele (umxube).
Kodwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuba umntwana angadli kakuhle izilwanyana ezahlukahlukeneyo, ungayeki ukunxiliswa, ubuncinane de ade umntwana uneminyaka elilodwa. Vumela ekutyeni kwakhe okokuqala kusasa kunye nokutya kokuhlwa kusihlwa kuya kubandakanya ubisi lomama. Ngoku uyazi ukuba uqala nini ukunika abantwana abancinci.