Ndimele ndithi oko kubonakala ngathi sishiya, kwilinki yi-cladodia, oko kukuthi, amagatsha ahlambulukileyo. Amagqabi okwenene enaliti ayenamagqabantshintshi entlobo eguquguqukayo, iintyatyambo ezinamabala obomvu (zinokuba zi-3 okanye 6), zihlanganiswe kwi-tube ye-ovate, kunye neenthers ekupheleni, ziqhambuka kuwo. Amaqabunga ngokwabo ayancitshiswe kakhulu, amancinci, angama-triangular-subulate.
Iintyatyambo zesaliti zifana ngesondo. Banokufumana iindawo zokuhlala zegynecia okanye i-androcea enciphise. Iintyatyambo nazo zingabelana ngesini, kodwa zisebenza njengongqingili. I-Perian isoloko imthunzi oluhlaza. Zizahlula ezintandathu, zizahlula izabelo, zangaphakathi zivele zangaphandle. I-Pistils ijikelezwe ngamafayili amancinci, i-pistils ngokwabo imfutshane, i-stigma inomfanekiso wesimo.
Ngethuba lekwindla, kwidalane, ukuvuthwa kwamajikijolo, kwimbewu nganye ye-2 okanye ye-3 ye-globular. Zihluma, ikakhulu kwiminyaka embalwa. I-berry yinyama inomlenze omfutshane.
Isityalo sinesitampu esilungileyo, kwaye i-rhizome kufuphi netsalane iyinyama.
Inomdla kakhulu yinkqubo yokupilisa imvalo. Kwenzeka xa amazolo ehla, imvula okanye iqhwa liyancibilika. Amanzi, ukuhlamba "umama" ekusebenzeni kweentyatyambo, uthabathe impova kwaye uwatshintshe, ugule, "kumfazi".
U-Iglitsa weza kuthi ukususela kwixesha le-Ice Age. Okwangoku, uhlobo lwesityalo luneentlobo ezininzi:
- I-Piggy, inaliti ekhuni;
- Inaliti yeColchis;
- Iinguntshana zeelwimi;
- Inaliti inamagqabi;
- Iglitsa Hyrkan nabanye.
U sasazo.
E-Yurophu (eHungary, eCzechoslovakia, eSweden, eFransi, eSpeyin, ePortugal, eItali, eAlbania, e-Greece, e-Asia (kwimimandla yase-Iran, eTurkey, eAlgeria). , eRomania eYugoslavia, nabanye), eMacaronesia (kwiiIziqithi zaseAzov, iMiraira kunye neeCanary). Ngenxa yokubonakala kwayo kwangaphambili, inaliti yaba yinto evelele kwimiyezo yasekhaya.
Isicelo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo inaliti isetyenziselwa ukulungiselela iilbb. Ngenxa yokuba isityalo sihlala sihlaza, iinqumle okanye ezinye izicwangciso zikhangeleka unyaka wonke kwiipaki kunye negadi. Izihluma zentsaliti kunye namaqabunga kunye namajikijolo asetyenziselwa ukuhlobisa, izimbali.
Ngethuba lonyaka, kuphela i-30% yezihlumela zinokunqunyulwa kwisityalo, kungenjalo inaliti iya kubonakaliswa ngokungafanelekanga.
Inaliti inezihluma ezincinane ezidliwayo. Iziqhamo zihlala zisetyenziswa njengesiqhelo sekhofi. Iibhanki ezikhanyayo zenza imihlobiso, umzekelo, ubuhlalu.
Amasebe amakhulu ezityalo asetyenziselwa ukuhlobisa izimbali. Kuyafaneleka ukuba kwenziwe iziqulatho ezenziwe ngeentyantyambo ezomileyo, kunye ne-VIP-class bouquets, ngakumbi ukuba izityalo eziqhakazile zigcinwa kumasebe.
I-Colchis isetyenziswe njengesondlo semfuyo. Inaliti yePontic, eyimveliso yezityalo, isenomdla obalulekileyo wokukhusela umhlaba. Uyaqhubeka nokwenza iziqu. Abatshizi besiNgesi basebenzise ukwenza i-panicle, ngendlela, ibizwa ngokuba "ngamaphephefane". Ininzi kwaye isetyenziswa rhoqo, ngoko ibhekisela kwiintlobo ezilahlekileyo. Kufakwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu kunye neentlobo zeenaliti, njengeenaliti zeColchi (R. colchicus), isiqendu (R. hypoglossum), Hyrkan.
Izakhiwo zonyango.
Ngokuphathelele iimpembelelo zokuphilisa zesityalo zaziyazi sele zikhona ngemihla kaVilgil noPliny. Bambiza i-bar-needle "Ruskus".
U-Iglitsa uyakwazi ukunciphisa iinqanawa, ukuqinisa iindonga zeemvini, ukunciphisa utyumba lweemithwalo yegazi, i-capillaries, ukunciphisa ukubunjwa kwe-thrombus. Isityalo sinceda ukuphucula i-cellular metabolism kwaye isuse i-toxins evela kwiisisipha zomzimba, ukuvuselela ityuwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-metabolism yamanzi. I-Iglitsa ikhusela inkqubo yophulo.
Ukusuka kwi-rhizome yesityalo, i-extract yenziwa yinto ekwazi ukuyiqhuba inkqubo ye-metabolic kwesikhumba kunye nokuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi. Ngenxa yezi mpropati, isityalo siyathandwa njengenxalenye yemveliso yezonyanyiso, esenzelwe isenzo sokulwa neselula.
Iintyatyambo zamagumbi ezinaliti: iimeko ezikhulayo.
Indawo. Kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni inaliti inokuziva inkulu kwi-balcony okanye kwintsimi. Isityalo sifuna umhlaba, oza kubakho i-humus, iqabunga kunye ne-turf. Umhlaba we-sod kufuneka ube ngamawaka angama-2 amakhulu, ungongeza isanti. Kodwa, ngokusemgangathweni, inaliti ayifuni kwihlabathi, ikhula nangomhlabathi obunzulu obunzima. Ukutshintshwa kwezityalo njengoko kufuneka.
Ukuba ufuna ukufumana isiqhumane esiqingqiweyo senaliti, khetha i-pot ebanzi kunye ne-substrate ephumayo, apho iingcambu ziza kukhululeka ukuphazamisa amahlumela amatsha. Ukuba ufuna ukudibanisa ukukhula kwenaliti, kungcono ukuyihlwayela ebhodweni elincinci kumhlaba "onzima".
Iintyatyambo zezilumtha zikhetha indawo ezinomxholo. Ziyakhula kakuhle kwigumbi lokushisa. Emhlabathini ovulekileyo ebusika, iinaliti azikwazi ukukhula, azinqabileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, abanye, nokuba yimiqathango ebaluleke kakhulu kwezinye izityalo, iinaliti zihamba ngokulula. Akayilo lonke uloyiko lokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa, ukuhla kwelokushisa ukuya kuma-degrees ama-15, umoya omile kunye neefrikhi.
Ukukhanyisa. Isityalo sifuna ukukhanya okugqithisileyo. Iyakunyamezela isithunzi kakuhle. Ukuba isityalo sifakwe phantsi kwelanga elona ngqo, amahlumela amancinci angayomisa.
Ukunisela. Ukutyhala izityalo ehlotyeni kuyimfuneko kakhulu, isityalo sithanda umswakama. Ebusika, ngexesha lokuphumla, inaliti ityathwa ngokulinganisela. Ehlotyeni, inaliti ingafakelwa ukudala imimiselo eyongezelelweyo yomswakama. I-Plllocladodia kufuneka isuswe ngendwangu elithambileyo okanye isiponji ngothuli. Isityalo, njengoko saziwa, asiyikufuna. Ekhaya, izityalo zivame ukulwa nesomiso, ngoko nangoko ukuba unokulibaleka ngokukhawuleza ukutyhala isityalo, kuya kubangela ukuba ukhohlwe ngokulula.
Ukuzaliswa. Iglitsa - iintyatyambo, inkqubo yokuvelisa eyenzekayo xa ulwahlula. Izityalo kunye nembewu zanda, kodwa le yinkqubo ende.
Ukunyamekela. Xa isityalo siqala ixesha lokukhula okunzulu, kufuneka sondliwe kanye ngenyanga. Oku kufuna isisombululo sesichumiso esinzima. Ewe, ukuba kukho ithuba lokufafaza umhlaba nge-mullein eyomileyo. Xa kukho ixesha lokuphumla, ezi ntyatyambo zendlu akufanele zondliwe. Xa inaliti ikhula, ukuqonda kwayo ukuchumisa kuncipha. Umtshini ngamnye wesityalo iminyaka emithandathu unokukhonza njengento evelelekayo yokubhenkceza, kwaye iyajika iphuzi kwaye ilula. Kule nto kufuneka uqaphele kwaye ususe amahlumela anjalo ngexesha. Inaliti ayifuni ukunyuka kwamasebe, kuyinto elula kakhulu, ngenxa yesityalo, ngokungafaniyo, umzekelo, i-asparagus, inkunkuma encinane kunye neengcola.
Iingxaki ezinokuvela ngexesha lokulima. Iglitsa ngenye yezityalo ezimbalwa ezingabangeli naluphi na ubunzima ekulimeni kwayo.