Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuphuhlisa iintsana, eziphuhliswe ngabafundisi baseRussia nabangaphandle kunye nabafundi beengqondo. Enye yeendlela ezidumileyo zasekhaya zokuphuhliswa kwabantwana kwindlela yenzululwazi yaseSt. Petersburg, NA Zaitsev.
Ukuba ngumhla wethu wexesha uN. Zaitsev emva kweminyaka engama-50 yomsebenzi onzima, ngo-1989 wakhulula inzuzo yakhe yokuqala, eyaziwayo ngokufanelekileyo, - ii cubes Zaitsev.
Isiseko sendlela yakhe (kunye nesici sayo ehlukile) yindlela eyahlukileyo kwiyunithi yolwimi. U-Nikolai Zaitsev ubona inyunithi yendawo yokugcina, kungekhona isilayidi. Indawo yokugcina iileta ezimbini: i-vowel kunye ne-consonant. Umbhali ubeke indawo yokugcina impahla ebusweni beekerubhi ezahlukeneyo.
Ubungakanani, umbala kunye nesandi sesandi sekhambhu kuxhomekeke kwiziphi izandi ezikhoyo kwiindawo zokugcina ezibhalwe ebusweni babo. U-Nikolai Alexandrovich Zaitsev wacebisa ukuzaliswa kwidayisi apho kubhalwe khona izithulu ezizithulu, ngeenxalenye zeenkuni ezivelisa isandi esincinci; Iimpahla zokugcina izithambiso ezibonakalayo ziboniswa ngemali yesibhadu; zokugcina iimpahla - ukubethelela isinyithi. Konke oku kudibaniswa nokusetyenziswa kombala othize ukutyunjwa kweencwadi ezithile kwenza abantwana bafunde ngeencwadana ngokukhawuleza kwaye emva kweeyure ezimbalwa zokusebenza ziqala ukufunda iindawo zokugcina iimpahla, kwaye ke nawaphi na amagama.
Amaklasi anamaqhekeza e-Zaytsev anceda ukwandisa isantya sokufunda nokuze ulahle ezinye iingxaki ze-logopedic. Kule ndlela yeZazitsev kukho izicwangciso ezingengokufunda, kodwa ukucula, okukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwentetho kunye nokuphucula izakhono zokufunda.
Faka isicelo se-Zaitsev yinkqubo kunoma yimuphi umntwana, kungakhathaliseki ubudala. Abantwana kuze kube unyaka othanda ukudlala nge "ukubetha", ii cubes eziqhakazile, njengama-rattles, kwaye ngokukhawuleza bafunda iindawo zokugcina iimpahla baze baqale ukufunda okuningi, ngaphambi kokuba nabanye abantwana. Abalimi bokuqala, abafundiswa esikolweni ukufunda, ukulandelela iilayibhile ezivela kwiincwadi zodwa, njengokuqeqesha ukufunda iincwadi zokugcina.
Ubungakanani bomntwana, ngokuqinisekileyo, buchaphazela isantya sokufunda ukufunda ngeendlela zikaN. Zaitsev, ekubeni uqeqesho lwabafundi "abancinci" luye lucotha. Kodwa abathathu abaneminyaka emine ubudala baqala ukufunda ngokusemthethweni kwiiklasi ezimbini okanye ezine kwaye emva kwe-15-20 izifundo zebhokhwe zingakwazi ukuhamba, zimangalise umama, emva kokufunda igama lesitalato.
Isifundo ngasinye kule nkqubo sisoloko sihlala imizuzu engama-25, kodwa senzeke kwindawo ekhululekile kangangokuba ayifumanekanga njengesifundo esiqhelekileyo, kodwa njengomdlalo wangempela. Abantwana bavunyelwe ukuhamba, ukuxoka, ukuhlala, ngoko baziva bekhululekile.
Abaphandi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ukufunda okunempumelelo, ukunika iziphumo eziphezulu, kwenzeka kwifomu yemidlalo. Abantwana abaninzi, abaqala ukufundisa ngokweendlela zikaZaitsev abaneminyaka emithathu ubudala, bekulungele ukungena esikolweni kungekuqaleni kodwa kwisesibini kunye nakwamabanga amabini kwisikolo semfundo jikelele ngokuqala kwexesha lesikolo.
Uninzi lwezikolo kunye nabantwana be-kindergartens basebenzisa le ndlela njengeyona nto. Iiklasi zidlula ngokulula kwaye zikhululekile. Isicatshulwa sibhaliwe kwiileta ezinkulu etafileni, ngoko ke abantwana abanakuyingozi loo nto, kwaye ekubeni bekwazi ukuhamba, kungekhona nje ukuba bahlale, abayikuphazamisa ukuhamba. Ngoko ke, abantwana bahlabelela baze bafunde iimpahla zokugcina kwaye baqale ukufunda ukufunda ngokuzonwabisa.
Kungcono ukuqala iiklasi kunye neyona nto elula: ukubamba ii cubes, ukufunda kwiindawo zokugcina abantwana, ukongeza igama lakhe, ukulifunda, ufunde oko kwenzekayo ngasecaleni kweekerubhi. Uninzi kunokwenzeka, kuya kubakho into engahambelani ngasemva, kodwa abantwana bayonwabile ngale nto kwaye bayenza ngokuzonwabisa, njengoko bahlekisiwe. Iintsana zinokunikezwa kanye kanye zonke iikhabhi, isethi yonke, ngaphandle kokwesaba umthwalo ogqithiseleyo ngenxa yokuphuhliswa okungavamile kwengqondo encinci. Kuya kuba lula ukuba inkunzi idlale neekhebhu ukuba iyazi zonke ngexeshana, njengoko iya kuqalisa ukuhamba ngobukhulu kunye nombala.
Iingenelelo zobugcisa beZazitsev kakhulu. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zafakazela ukuba iminyaka engcono yokukhula nophuhliso lomntwana yiminyaka emithathu ukuya emine, ekubeni ingqondo yomntwana oneminyaka esixhenxe ubudala ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe kakhulu. Ukuba uqala izifundo kunye nomntwana oneminyaka emithathu ukuya kweyine ubudala, ngoko-sixhenxe uya kuziqonda isixa-mali esisisiseko kwinkqubo yesikolo esisekondari.
Ukwesaba kubazali ukuba umntwana akanandaba nokufunda esikolweni okanye ukuba uya kuba neengxaki zokuthetha nabafundi afunda nabo. Namhlanje, abaninzi abazali bachitha ixesha labo ekuphuhlisweni kwabantwana, abaninzi abantwana abafika esikolweni abaneminyaka elixhenxe, bayazi inkqubo yesikolo sokuqala, oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana wakho akayiyo yedwa.
Izikolo ezizimeleyo kunye neendawo zokuzivocavoca zivuyiswa kakhulu ngokuqeqesha abantwana abaphuhlisiweyo kunye nokuphuhlisa ngakumbi, ngokusekelwe kwisiseko esabeka abazali.
Iisethi zeekhabhi Zaitsev ziquka iiyubhi eziyi-52, zibe nobukhulu obuhlukeneyo, umbala, ukuzaliswa kunye nesisindo. Izitrato zibhalwa ebusweni bee cubes. Kuzo ii cubes ezongeziweyo kwietafile ezidibeneyo. Ungathenga ii-cubes ezenziwe ngokulungelelanisa, unokuzenza ngokwakho kwiisethi ezikhoyo ukuthengiswa, kwaye unokwenza ngokuzimela ngokuzenzekelayo, usebenzisa ii-cubes ezidlala kwi-kid, okanye ngokuqoqa ndawonye ezintsha kwikhadibhodi.