I-Otorhinurgists kufuneka isebenze kwindawo eqinile: umthamo womgca wembambano ungumyinge wekhiyitha enye kuphela. Nayi ilungu lokuva, ilungu lokulinganisela, inzwa yobuso. Ukunyakaza okungahambi kakuhle kunokuphelisa ngokuphawulekayo, kuba umonakalo kunoma iyiphi yalezi ziqulatho ibangelwa ukulahlekelwa kweentetho, iingxaki eziphathekayo eziphathekayo, ukuphulwa kwesimo somzimba. Izigulane ezibuhlungu ngokugqithiseleyo zijongene nesimo esiphezulu: ngengozi enjalo umntu akakwazi ukuziva epheleleyo kuluntu. Kwiziko le-Otolaryngology. AI Kolomiychenko, oogqirha benza imimangaliso yangempela.
Ingenelelo yokuphanda ingabaluleka kwizifo zendlebe ephakathi, i-otitis engapheliyo, xa kukho umonakalo kumlenze we-tympanic (i-perforation) - ukwakha umgodi kuwo. Silungisa iziphene zelungu le-tympanic kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, yiphinda kwakhona. Sithatha isiqwenga se-fascia kwisistim se-temporal size senze i-membrane entsha. Ufakwe endaweni yonakaliswe, uzalise ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi yayo.
Yintoni ebangela umonakalo kwi-eardrum?
Isizathu esona siqhelekileyo sokulahlekelwa kwindlebe epheleleyo, enzima ukuyiphatha, kukukhupha okungapheliyo kwindlebe ephakathi, kwaye isona siqhelekileyo, esichukunyiswa zizigulane ngokwawo, ngumkhwa wokucoca indlebe ngenduku yokucoceka, engakhokelela ekudakaleni, okubangela ukuvuvukala. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukulimala kukukhokelela ekubunzeni umgodi.
Nendlela yokuhlambulula kakuhle indlebe yakho?
Ukusebenzisa i-cotton swabs ukunyamekela ingxoweni yangaphandle yeendlebe, kodwa ngaphandle kokungena kwangena kwindlebe. Ngaphandle koko, uya kushenxisa isulfure kwisibilini, kwaye kuphela ingcali onokuyifumana apho.
Indlebe yethu inekhono elilodwa lokuzihlambulula. Ngethuba lokuhamba kwemisipha yomzimba, inxalenye yangaphandle yesikhala senzondo ihamba, edibene nomhlathi osezantsi. Iphayibhile yokuphicotha ihamba, kwaye isulfure ixoshwa ngaphandle. Ukuze ukhiphe oko kubonakala kungadingekile kuwe akufanele kube yinto - imizamo enjalo iyakwazi ukuphela kakubi. Ukuba kusekwa iplagi yesulfure, ufuna uncedo lwenzululwazi. Indlebe ihlanjwe okanye ikhutshwe nge sixhobo esikhethekileyo.
Abanye abantu abaneentlungu zendlebe baphathwa ngokuzimela. Ndingenza njani oku ngaphandle kokuzilimaza?
Oku akufanele kwenziwe . Ngokomzekelo, awukwazi ukulahla nantoni endlebeni yakho ngephutha. U-Otitis uphathwe ngokukodwa kwenkqubo echazwe yi-otolaryngologist. Amanye amaconsi aqukethe i-antibiotics yoluhlu olunobuthi, ukusetyenziswa okungalawulwayo okukhokelela ekulahlekeni kwintetho ekhethekileyo okanye epheleleyo. Oku kwenzekayo xa kukho i-perforation (umgodi kwimbumba). Ezi mali zichazwe nge-otitis yangaphandle kuphela ukuba i-membrane iphelele. Ukuba i-otitis media iyenzeka, kuyingozi! Awunako utywala we-boron okanye i-camphor yeoli ngaphandle komyalelo wonyango - la mayeza anenani leenkcazo. Ngoqaphelisiso, umntu kufuneka athethe iindlela zonyango zabantu. Ngokomzekelo, unyaka ngamnye silungisa imiphumo yonyango ngamakhandlela: avuliwe eduze kwendlebe, i-wax igeleza kwi-canal indlebe kwaye ivalwe i-eardrum. Kungenziwa kuphela ngokugqithiseleyo.
Ngamanye amaxesha umntu unesikhalazo sokulahlekelwa kwindlebe, nangona akazange aphethwe yi-otitis.
Oku kwenzeka, umzekelo, nge-otosclerosis. I-Stroke - ithambo elincinci-lilahlekelwa ukuhamba ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwe-ossicle yeendlebe zangaphakathi. Ukuba kuphela i-ossicle yokuphicotha inobungozi, ukuvalelwa kungabuyiselwa. Kodwa xa i-nervitive auditor ihlupheke, kufuneka ixhobo zokusebenza eziphicothiweyo.
Usebenza njani kwaye lide kangakanani?
Ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kweentetho, unyango luyimfuneko, kubandakanywa nokugqitywa. Ingenelelo yokuphanda iqhutyelwa ngokusebenzisa i-microscope, nge-earnel indlebe (ithambo elincinci le-4 cm ekujuleni kwaye lingaphantsi kwe-1 cm ububanzi). Ogqirha onamava wenza lo msebenzi iminyaka emi-15-20. Kakade etafileni yokusebenza, isiguli siqala ukuva.
Abemi bezixeko ezinkulu banamava okwanda kwindlebe. Kunokuba kuphelile?
Izandi zomsindo zomsindo, kodwa akuyona into ewonakalisayo njengezandi eziphakamileyo, ezivakalayo. Umculo kwi-discotheques, ii-movie kunye nomthamo ophezulu, kwi-headphone ze-ear zibukrakra ngokubhekiselele kwi-nervitive auditor. Yenza okukhethekileyo kwiintloko ze-headphones ezinomkhonto womoya. Emva komthwalo omkhulu wengxolo, iintsholongwane zithatha ixesha lokubuyela. Ukuba uhlaselwa ngokungapheliyo kwintsimbi yokucwaninga ngokukhala ngokugqithiseleyo, yena, ekupheleni, akayi kumela: ngoko ungalahlekelwa ukuva kwakho. Kubalulekile ukuqonda oku ngexesha kwaye uthathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo.
Ngaphambili, umntwana ozelwe ngaphandle kokuvalelwa wayedla ubomi bokungaboniyo. Namhlanje unikela aba bantwana ulonwabo ukuva. Kude kube nini uqhuba imisebenzi efana naleyo kwisiko lakho? Isiqalo sokuqala esiqingqiweyo kwiSoviet Union senziwa ngo-1991. Eqhutywe nguprofesa wakhe uSushko, kunye nam, njengesiqhwala sokuqala, sincediswa. Ukususela ngoko, malunga nezi-250 izixhobo zenziwe e-Ukraine. Ehlabathini, kukho i-12-20 imisebenzi enabemi abemi. Okufanelekile ukulingisa ngamava aseCroatia, apho abantwana abayizithulu bancedwa kulo lonke ilizwe. Ngokukhawuleza xa umntwana enesiphelo eso sizalwa, umnxibelelwano weselula uyabiza bonke abasebenzisi ukuba baphonsa i-$ 1 kuphela. Ekugqibeleni, le ngxaki yaxazululwa kweli lizwe. Ndiyakholwa ukuba e-Ukraine le nto inokwenzeka. Abantu abanqatshelwe ukuvalelwa banokungenakunceda kuluntu lwethu, nangona banesidingo esikhulu sokuqonda nokuxhasa. Okuzisola kwethu, abaninzi babo bahlala bodwa kunye nenhlekelele yabo, bazixazulula ngokuzimeleyo iingxaki zabo.
Yintoni ebangela ukuba isithulu sifumaneke?
Ukulimala kwe-Kraniocerebral, eyonakalisa umonakalo kwiimbilini eziphicothiweyo, izifo ezithathelwanayo. Kubantu abanokuzithulu, amathuba okufumana kwakhona ukuva aphezulu kakhulu. Ixesha lokubuyiselwa kwabo lidlula ngokukhawuleza: emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa banokudibanisa ngefowuni. Kwiklinikhi yethu, ezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene nendlebe ye-microsurgery zibhekiswe kuzo, ezichaphazela indawo ze-otolaryngology kunye neurosurgery. Umzekelo, utywala, indlebe yendlebe. Senza i-plastic nervous plastic, ubuyisele emva kokulimala kwidumbu.
Kutheni ingxolo entle?
Ngenxa yokucaphukisa okanye ukugqithiseleka kwe-nervitive auditory or channelory-canal - nayiphi na umonakalo kwi-cochlea. Ngokuxhomekeke kwizizathu ezibangele ingxolo, unyango lwenziwa kwisebe le-neurological, okanye nathi. Ukuphulaphulwa kwiphulo kwi-tumors kwi-auditor or vestibular nerves. Kule meko, isigulane, ngaphezu kwekhwalithi yokuva, ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, utshintsho lwakhe, ubuso bakhe bubandezeleka. Kule meko, umsebenzi uboniswa. Ukususwa kwesisu esiyiphatha ngethambo lexeshana elivela kwicala leendlebe (ngokungafani ne-neurosurgeons, ezenza i-trepanation yekrele, ukuvula i-posterior cranial fossa). Ukufikelela kwethu akubi kakhulu. Ukususela kunyaka odlulileyo, kunye nokuvulwa kwe-Ukraine kwikliniki yokuqala ye-cyber eYurophu, kuye kwaba lula ukusebenzisa enye indlela yokuphatha izicubu - i-cyberknife ebhubhisa i-tumor ne-gamma ray ngaphandle kokulimaza ingqondo kunye nezicubu ezinempilo. Le yilapho iteknoloji yeyona ndlela ithetha kakhulu. E-St. Petersburg naseMoscow, ngobungqina obunjalo, i-gamma knife isetyenziswe.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukukhusela indlebe?
Ukuqaphela ukuhla kweentlanganiso, kha wuleza ugqirha. Uya kufumana izizathu kwaye anikezele unyango olwaneleyo. Ukuva kungabonakalisa uxinzelelo lwegazi, isifo sikashukela, isifo sesibindi, uxinzelelo, ukuphazamiseka kwemithi, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo yengqondo, isisu. Ukulahlekelwa ukulahlekelwa ekuguga akusisifo, kodwa ukubonakaliswa kweenguqu ezinxulumene neminyaka emzimbeni. Ngoko ke, kwixesha elilodwa kukho ikhefu le-audiometric. Abantu abangaphezu kwama-60 abanokulahlekelwa kwindlebe akufanele baxakeke ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuvalelwa.
Ziziphi iingcebiso ezichaphazelekayo ngexesha lokubhukuda oluzayo?
Ehlobo, i-otitis externa, izifo zefungal ziyavela. Emva kokuphuma emanzini, musa ukukhawuleza emthunzini omkhulu, ukuze ungagqithisi iindlebe zakho. Emva kwerama, sebenzisa isomisi eshushu esifudumeleyo-isilungiso kunye nommandla onomanzi uvuselela ukuvutha.
Umngcipheko wokuphicotha unokukhuselwa ngombhobho wekotoni, odibene ne-petroleum jelly okanye i-cream cream, okanye i-earplugs ezikhethekileyo. Kodwa musa ukunyuswa! Ngokomzekelo, ndade ndimele ndisindise umfazi othi, ngexesha lokuhlambela, wayigcoba indlebe yakhe ngethambo lokuhlafuna. Ngenxa yoko, kwakudingeka ukhiphe uhlobo olunjalo lo "khuselo" oluvakalayo. Kuhle ukuba asikwazi ukulimaza i-eardrum ngexesha elinye.