Izizathu zokunyanya
Ukunyanya ubukhulu kungabikho kokuzimela ngokuzimela kunye nesibonakaliso seqela lezifo ezinezizathu ezahlukileyo, eziquka ezo zibonakaliso ezihamba phambili, ezifana ne-Prader-Willi syndrome kunye ne-Barde-Biddle syndrome. Kwabanye abantu ukukhuluphala kukhula kwimpembelelo yezifo ze-endocrine, kodwa zenza kuphela ipesenteji encinci kulabo bahluphekayo kule meko. Olu ludla luhlala luhamba kunye nezinye iimpawu ezingabonwa kwaye zilawulwe ngempumelelo, ezifana ne-hypothyroidism kunye ne-Cushing's syndrome. Kwezinye iimeko, iingxaki ze-endocrine zivela ngenxa yokunyanya kakhulu: zinokupheliswa ngokunciphisa ubunzima. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba kula maxesha amaninzi, ubunzima obuninzi bubangelwa ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide leekhalori, ngaphezu kweemfuno zamandla zomzimba ngamnye. Phakathi kwezinto ezibangela ukungalingani, kukho izinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa izakhi zofuzo ezithile, eziqulethe ulwazi malunga nokuxilongwa kwemithi, kunye neemeko zokuziphatha kunye neemeko zendalo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezi zinto okanye ngamnye ngamnye ngokwabo uqikelela inani leekhalori ezidliwe kunye / okanye ukusetyenziswa kwazo, kwaye ngoko ke umntu ulungelelanisa abantu. Ukuqonda izizathu zokunyanya kunceda ukukhetha amaqhinga enyango.
Ukuxilongwa kokunyamezeka, isalathisi esaziwa njenge-mass mass index (BMI) isetyenziswa. Kubalwa njengomlinganiselo wesisindo kwiikhilogram ukuya kwisikwere sokukhula kwimitha. Ixabiso le-BMI elingaphezu kwama-25 kg / m2 libonisa ubukho bobunzima obuninzi, kwaye nge-BMI ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-30 / m2, ufumane ukugqithisa. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuqwalaselanga izinga lokuqeqeshwa kwezemidlalo, ngoko ke xa usebenzisa i-BMI kuphela ukuxilonga ukunyameka, abantu abaneemisipha eziphuculweyo bangaphunyezwa ngephutha. Kukho iindlela ezichanekileyo zokuxilonga ukunyanyisa, ngokusekelwe kumanqwanqwa omzimba, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kuphelelweyo kwizibhedlele nakumaziko ophando. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isilinganiselo esilula sobunzima besinqe sivumela umntu ukuba alinganise isixa semathambo e-adipose kwisisu kwaye ahlole ingozi yempilo ehambisana nokukhuluphala:
• Umngcipheko ophezulu. Amadoda: - 94 cm Abafazi: - 80 cm.
• Umngcipheko ophezulu. Amadoda: - 102 cm Abafazi: - 88 cm.
Ukufa kokufa kwangaphambili kwabantu abanamafutha xa kuthelekiswa nokunyuka okunyamekileyo ngamaxesha angama-2-3. Ukongezelela, ukukhuluphala kunxulumene ngokugqithisileyo nezinye izifo ezingachahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amathathu: ukuphazamiseka kwemizimba, ukukhubazeka kwenkqubo ye-musculoskeletal kunye nokutshintsha kwimeko yengqondo.
Iingxaki
Ukuphuhliswa kwezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, i-hyperlipidemia kunye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kunxulumene ngqo nokugqithisa ngokweqile, ngakumbi ukuba izicubu ezinamafutha zihlala kwindawo yesisu. Ingozi ethile kwimpilo kukuba ukukhuluphala kwandisa ubunzima bokuhlakulela isifo sikashukela se-insulin. Umngcipheko wokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo kumadoda ane-BMI engaphezu kwama-30 kg / m2 ukwanda malunga nama-13 ngokuthelekiswa nalabo abanalo mfanekiso we-22 kg / m2. Kubafazi abanezikhombisi ezifanayo, kwanda ngamaxesha angama-20. Izifo ezinjenge-stroke, i-cholelithiasis, iintsholongwane ezithile (umhlaza wesibeleko kunye ne-colon), kunye neengxaki zenkqubo yokuzala, njenge-polycystic ovary syndrome kunye nokungabikho komntwana, zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abathanjisiweyo.
Umgangatho ophantsi wobomi
Izifo zesistim se-musculoskeletal, ezinjenge-osteoarthritis kunye nentlungu engapheliyo yintlungu, kunye nokuphefumula okuncinci, ngokungafaneki kusongela ubomi bomguli, kodwa kukhokelela ekuthintelekeni komsebenzi wokukhubazeka, ukukhubazeka ukusebenza kunye nokuhlaselwa komgangatho wobomi. Ukongezelela, abantu abapheleleyo abalalayo bavame ukufumana i-apnea (ukubanjwa kokuphefumula okufutshane).
Umphumo wokunyanyisa kwi-psyche
Ubutyebi bukhokelela ekutshintsheni kwimeko yengqondo yomntu: ngokwawo, ayibangele iingxaki zengqondo, kodwa ubandlululo loluntu olunxulumene nokugqithisa kakhulu lunokubangela ukuphuhliswa kwengcinezelo kunye nokunciphisa ukuzithemba kwabantu abathanjisiweyo, ingakumbi abo banesifo esinzima kakhulu. Kwezinye iimeko le nto inomthelela ekwandiseni ukuzuza ubunzima kunye nokutshintsha kwimeko yengqondo. Ukugqithisa ubukhulu bentsholongwane obunzima obunokunyusa kakhulu umthwalo emzimbeni. Ukunyanga okuphumelelayo kwezigulane ezinobungcipheko, kuphucula kakhulu impilo yabo. Isiphumo esihle sonyango kwisigulane ngasinye sincike kwisisindo somzimba sokuqala, impilo jikelele, inani leepounds eliye lahla kunye nohlobo lwonyango. Uninzi lwezigulane eziphumelelayo ukulahleka ubunzima nokuzixhasa kwinqanaba elithile, phawula ukuphucula kwimeko yengqondo nengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho inani elincinci lwedata elibonisa ukuba ukulahleka kwexesha elifutshane, emva koko isiguli sigcina amaphilisi angaphezulu, kuphucula impilo. Ngokuchasene noko, ukutshintshwa kwexesha lokulahleka kwesisindo kunye nokwanda kwenyango kwizigulane kunokubhekwa njengokungaphumeleli kwaye kulahlekelwe ukuzithemba.
Isiseko sazo zonke iindlela zokulahleka kwesisindo kukunciphisa inani leekhalori ezisetyenzisiweyo. Unyango lunokuba luninzi, ngoko ke izigulane ezigqithiseleyo zidinga ukuxhaswa kwengqondo kunye neengcebiso zonyango ngokutshintsha ukutya kunye nendlela yokuphila. Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo ngumsebenzi onzima. Isiphumo esihle singafezekiswa kuphela ukuba ixesha elide ukusetyenziswa kweekhalori kudlula ukusetyenziswa kwazo. Uninzi lwabantu luyinyameko iminyaka emininzi, ngoko inkqubo yokunciphisa ingakwazi ukukhawuleza. Ukulahleka kwekhalori e-diurnal ye-kcal 500, ekhuthazwa yizona zondlo zondlo, ikuvumela ukuba ulahlekelwe isisindo kwisilinganiso se-0.5 kg ngeveki. Ngaloo ndlela, kuthatha unyaka ukuyeka i-23 kg. Kufuneka ikhunjulwe ukuba "ukutya okunciphisa umzimba" kaninzi kunamsebenzi, kuba ixesha lokuzila ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwabo lisoloko lihamba kunye nexesha lokudla ngokutya, okungafuniyo iziphumo. Injongo yonyango ukutshintsha ukusekwa nokufumana nokuqinisa imimiselo emitsha kunye nokuziphatha ngokumalunga nokutya kunye nomsebenzi wokwenyama.
Iinjongo
Abantu abaninzi bafumana iziphumo ezilungileyo xa bebeka iinjongo eziliqela zexesha elifutshane. Nangona ukulahleka kwesisindo kwiiveki zokuqala zokudla kungakwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, kunengqiqo ukugxila kwi-1 kg ngeveki. Kwabaninzi abantu, kuyimilinganiselo enokuphumelela yokunciphisa ubunzima ngo-5-10% wesisindo somzimba sokuqala. Kwakhona kuncedo ukusekela iinjongo kungekuphela kwendlela yokulahleka kwesisindo. Ukugxininiswa ekudandiseni iimpawu ezifana ne-dyspnoea xa ukunyuka kwezitepsi, okanye ukufikelela kwiinjongo (ngokomzekelo, ukutya okanye ukusebenzisa) kunokusebenza njengento ekhuthazayo, ngakumbi xa inkqubo yokulahlekelwa kwesisindo iphuculwa. Zonke iindlela zokuphatha ukunyanya kuncike ekunciphiseni inani leekhalori ezidliwe. Ngenxa yokuba abantu abadumileyo badla amandla amaninzi kunamathoko, akusiqondi ukuba ukunciphisa ikhalori ingeniswe ngaphantsi kwe-1200 kcal yabasetyhini kunye ne-1500 yamadoda. Ukunamathela kwisondlo esinjalo ixesha elide kunzima. Indlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokunciphisa umxholo wekhalori wokutya kukunciphisa umxholo weoli, okukuvumela ukuba ugcine inani lokutya elidliwe. Amacandelo angancitshiswa ngokusebenzisa amacwecwe amancinci kunokwamaxesha avamile.
Ukutshintsha kwexesha elide
Ukulahlwa kwexesha elide kunzima ukunyamezela, ngoko ke izigulane zifuna ukuxhaswa kwengqondo kunye neengcebiso ezifanelekileyo malunga nokukhethwa kwemveliso emitsha kunye nezindlela zokulungiselela, kunye nokutya. Kule minyaka, siye saqhelana nenkcubeko ethile yokutya kunye nendlela yokuphila. Uninzi lweenkqubo zonyango lokunyamezela ziquka ukutshintsha kwimimiselo ehleliweyo, ejolise ekufumaneni iingcamango ezingalunganga malunga nemimiselo yokutya okanye ukwenza izinto eziphathekayo kwaye zibuyisele kuzo ezifunekayo zokulawula ukulawula. Umzekelo, ukungabikho kokutya kwimiba yombono kunceda ekunciphiseni kwesondlo, kwaye ukwanda kwinqanaba lomsebenzi ngumsebenzi wokuhamba. Ukunciphisa ubunzima kunye noncedo oluthile lokuzivocavoca kunzima. Nangona kunjalo, bakhonza njengesongezo esihle kakhulu ekudleni, kuba bawuthintela ukulahlekelwa kwamancuba angenawo mafutha ngeli xesha kunye nokwandisa ukunciphisa amafutha omzimba. Ukuxinzezeleka komzimba kunciphisa ukucotha kwe-metabolism, edla ngokuhamba kunye nenkqubo yokulahlekelwa kwesisindo, kwaye inceda ukutshisa iikhalori ezingaphezulu. Idata efumanekayo ibonisa ukuba abantu abahlala behlala kwimidlalo banokuthi bangabi nesisindo xa behlile kunabo abangabandakanyekanga kwimidlalo. Ukuzilolonga umzimba kukhuthaza nokuqeqeshwa kwenkqubo ye-cardiovascular system kwaye kunciphise umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sikashukela. Ithemba lokuzilolonga ngokomzimba kubantu abaninzi baninzi kakhulu kunesabisa. Nangona kunjalo, imithwalo enokulinganisela ingasetyenziswa kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha ukwandisa umsebenzi womzimba, kufuneka uqale uchithe ixesha elincinane lihleli esihlalweni. Kungekudala, umdla ekuphuhlisweni kwezindlela ze-pharmological ukunyanga kokunyanya kunyuke kancane kancane. Kodwa ke kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba unyango lweziyobisi luxhasa okanye luphucula imiphumo yokuguqulwa ngokuzithandela kwemikhwa ebekwayo kwaye ayifaki imfuno yokutya kunye neendlela zokuphila.
Njengamanje, i-orlistat yeziyobisi isetyenziselwa ukuphatha ukukhuluphala. Eli gama lisetyenziselwa kuphela kwiimeko xa ukuxilongwa "kokunyanya kuninzi" kugqirha ugqirha, kwaye isigulane siphantsi kweliso lakhe. Umgaqo weziyobisi usekelwe ekunqandeni ukucoca kunye nokuxutywa kwamafutha avela kukutya; ngelixa i-30% yale mafayiti ixutywe ngamanzi. Izigulane ezinomlinganiselo ogqithiseleyo wokugqithisa kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu wempilo kuboniswa unyango oluphambili, enenjongo yokudala isithintelo sombane kwizondlo ezingena emzimbeni ngokutya. Kwiintlobo zonyango lophuhliso lokunyanyisa kubandakanya ukuchithwa kwesisu kunye nesisu somzimba, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwindleko yokutya okanye ukunciphisa ukutyunjwa kwezondlo kumathumbu amancinci. Unyango oluphandwayo lwenziwa kuphela ngenxa yezizathu zonyango. Musa ukuthobela imiphumo emibi yolu hlobo lonyango: olunjalo ukungenelela lufanelekile kuphela kwinani elincinci lezigulane ezithola unyango kumaziko akhethekileyo. Inani labantu abanesifo sokunyanya ukunyamezela kukhula rhoqo, kodwa esi sifo singaphiliswa okanye sikhuphe ukuphuhliswa kwayo. Ukunciphisa umxholo weoli kunye nokwandisa isiqhamo seziqhamo kunye nemifuno ekudleni kunceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wokukhuluphala, kunye nezifo ezinxulumene nazo. Ukongezelela, ukugcinwa kwempilo efanelekileyo kunye nokulawulwa kobunzima kuququzelelwa ngumsebenzi wokwenyama.