Bonke oomama abanomso bafuna ukwazi malunga nenkqubo yokukhulelwa kunye nendlela umntwana ekhula ngayo kwisibeleko. Yonke ingcaciso malunga nendlela umntwana osuka kwi-tadpole eya kuba ngumntwana onemilenze, izandla, ubuso abukho nje umdla, kodwa kubalulekile kumama ozayo. Ulwazi malunga nendlela umntwana ekhulayo ngayo ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngeveki kubalulekile kuba yonke imetororphosis ephumayo inokuthwala ulwazi malunga nendlela echanekileyo ngayo le nkqubo kunye nendlela ekhuselekile ngayo umntwana ozayo.
Ukubonwa komama ozayo
Ubungqina obubalulekileyo bokukhulelwa ngu-amenorrhea, ngamanye amazwi, ukungabi khona kwexesha lokuya esikhathini kunye neziganeko ezibonakalayo njengokwanda kwisisu, ehambelana nokunyuka kwesibeleko. Ngethuba lokuphuhliswa komntwana kunye nokukhulelwa, umfazi, ngokweendlela eziqhelekileyo, ufumana ukusuka kwi-11 ukuya kuma-13 kilogram. Zonke iimpawu eziphambili zokukhulelwa zihambelana ngqo nezinga lokutshintshwa kwama-hormone egazini kunye noxinzelelo, okwenzeka ngexesha lokukhula komntwana kwizitho zangaphakathi zowesifazane okhulelweyo. Iimpawu zokuqala ngexesha lokukhula komntwana kufana neentlupheko ezinokufaniswa nalaba bafumana umfazi ngexesha lokuhamba kwimihla (ukucaphuka rhoqo kunye nokungenangqiqo, ukukhathala, ukukhathazeka). Ukuhlengahlengiswa kweHormon, isisindo sokusasazeka, senza umzimba ukwenze utshintsho olucacileyo kunye oluchanekileyo kwisidlo sokutya. Kudinga ukutya encinci, kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokwenzeka, oku kuza kunceda ukukhusela ukudlulela kwesisu.
Ixesha eliphambili lokukhulelwa
Uphuhliso oluqhelekileyo lomntwana luhluke kwiinqanaba ezithile, elowo luneempawu zalo.
Isigaba esisodwa sibizwa ngokuba yi-blastogenesis. Ihlala kwiintsuku ezili-15 ukusuka kwixesha apho ukuchumisa kwenzeka khona.
Inqanaba elilandelayo, elibizwa ngokuba yi-embryogenesis, lihlala kwiiveki ezi-3 ukuya kwe-10. Ngethuba le nqanaba, i-placenta ikhula ngamandla, kwaye izakhiwo zangaphakathi zenziwa. Ekupheleni kwenyanga yesibini, umbungu uphelele ngokupheleleyo. I-fetus iququzelelwe i-convex formations, leyo ibe ngumphumela ube yiinyawo ezincinci nezisentla.
Icandelo lokuphuhliswa kwexesha elibambileyo liyabonwa ngexesha eliphakathi kweveki le-11 neye-26. Kanye nje ngeli xesha, ukusetyenziswa kwezitho ezahlukahlukeneyo zombungu kubonakala. Kule nqanaba, ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo ze-muscular ngokubanzi kubonwa. Kukho amaqhinga amazinyo. Ngeli thuba, umntwana uqala ukusabela kwisistim somsebenzi wangaphandle (ukukhanya, ukushisa kunye nezandi).
Ixesha elibizwa ngokuba yi-embryonic period kunye nokuphuhliswa ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwengane elizayo kubangelwa ukubonakaliswa okucacileyo kweefom zangaphandle kufuphi neyokugqibela. Ukususela kwiiveki ezingama-27 de kube sekuzalweni, umntwana ubonakala efana nokuqala kokuzalwa. Ngeli xesha, unina uthatha umlo ogqityiweyo kwaye uphakame, ngelixa eqhubeka phambili.
Emva kweveki ezingama-29, ukuphuhliswa komntwana kuthathwa njengento epheleleyo. Ngaloo mzuzu, izitho ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo ze-fetus zenziwe ngokuzeleyo, kwaye ngenxa yoluhlobo lwe-muscle kunye ne-adipose tissue, ubunzima balo bunyuke ngokuphawulekayo.
Ngethuba lokuqala umntwana uvula amehlo akhe malunga neveki yama-26. Kwi-uterus, umntwana uba ngumncinane. Kwiveki yama-28 yokukhulelwa, umntwana uzalise yonke indawo. Sekuqale ukususela kwiveki yama-32, umntwana usuqulunqe ngokupheleleyo amaphaphu, angasebenza ngokugcwele. Ukususela kwiiveki ezingama-35, umzimba uthatha umlo ofana nokujikeleza, kwaye uya kuba lukhulu. Ukuhluthwa kwazo zonke iinkqubo zobomi ngabanye kuqhubeka ngenyanga yesithoba. Indawo ekuqaleni kwekhanda kwindawo yengane ye-pelvis ifika kwiveki yama-40. Ngexesha lokusondela ekuzalweni, isisu somfazi siya kutsho ngokugqithisa. Ngeli thuba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ukhetho olukhethekileyo lokujikeleza ngokuphindaphindiweyo, oluya kunciphisa ukuvakalelwa kwamanina esizayo.
Ngokwezibalo eziqhelekileyo, ukukhulelwa kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-280 (iinyanga ezili-10 zenyanga). Ukubala kokuphuhliswa komntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokuqala kokukhulelwa ngokwayo kuqalile ukususela ngosuku lokuqala lokuya esikhathini. Iinyanga ezizimeleyo kuzo zombini unina kunye nomntwana ozayo zibhekwa njengesihlandlo sokuqala se-embryonic.