Ukuphuhliswa komzimba komntwana onokukhubazeka kokuva

Iingxaki zokuvalelwa zingabantwana bentsholongwane. Ukuphulaphula okufanelekileyo kuyimfuneko ekuphuhliseni kakuhle intetho, ngoko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuchonga ukuphulwa kwayo kwangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukuvalelwa kokukhubazeka kuvame ukufunyanwa ngokuqwalasela umntwana. Abazali abanako ukuphawula iingxaki zakhe zokuvavanya, ukususela ngeli xesha umntwana uphendula ngokukodwa kwiimpawu ezibonakalayo, oko kukuthi, kubuso babantu, kungekhona amazwi abo. Indlela yokusombulula le ngxaki, funda kwinqaku ngesihloko esithi "Ukukhula komzimba komntwana onokukhubazeka kokuvalelwa".

Uvavanyo lwentetho yomntwana

Kuze kube kutshanje, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuvavanya indlebe yabantwana ngaphambi kweenyanga ezi-6, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuvalelwa kwenzelwe kuphela kwiinyanga ezili-18. Kwabaninzi abantwana, umonakalo wokuvalelwa awuzange ufumaneke kude kube seminyaka emibini. Iikhompyutha zobuchwepheshe zanamuhla zibonelela ngeengxaki zokuvalelwa kwintsholongwane kubantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa. Kuyimfuneko yonke indawo ukuzisa ukuhlola, okuya kugcina ubuchule bokuthetha komntwana.

Ukuphendula kwisandi

Xa uneminyaka engama-6 ubudala, umntwana ovakalayo ngokuvavayo uyasabela kwisandi ngokukhawuleza ngokukhenkceza okanye ukukhulisa amehlo. Kwamkelekileyo, ugqirha uya kubabuza ukuba ngaba bayayibona indlela abasabela ngayo kwintsana, kunye nokuba neengxaki zokuvalelwa kwintsapho.

Ukuphuhlisa ukuva

Abantwana abangaphezu kweenyanga ezintathu batyelela kwisikhokelo somthombo. Kwiinyanga ezili-6 sele sele esabela kwizandi ezinqabileyo - lo luvavanyo oluhlolwe ngolu vavanyo lwengxelo. Kwiinyanga ezili-9 umntwana uqala ukuxubha. Abantwana abakhulileyo baqonda imiyalelo elula ngaphandle komqondiso. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubantwana banesibetho sokuzalwa okanye abafumanekayo. Isizathu sokukhubazeka kweentetho singenziwa kwindawo yangaphakathi, ephakathi okanye ngaphakathi.

Ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe yokuzwa

Ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe yokuvalelwa kwemvelo kudala umonakalo kwi-cochlea yeendlebe, iimbilini ezinikezela igazi kwiindlebe zangaphakathi, okanye indawo yengqondo ejongene nokuphulaphula. Kukho izizathu ezininzi:

UkuLawula UkuLawula

Ukulahleka kweendleko zokuphulaphula kwenzeka xa ukuqhutyelwa kwesandi kwi-cochlea kwindlebe engaphandle okanye ephakathi kukuphazamiseka. Kwingxoworha yokuphicotha kwangaphandle, iiplagi zesulfure zingakhiwa ezibangelwa iindlebe nezisithulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-earwax iyasuswa kwindlebe ngokwayo. Kwiintsana ezindala kunye nabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala, ngamanye amaxesha emva kokubanda, i-otitis exudative ikhula, apho i-viscous fluid iqokelela kwindlebe ephakathi, ebangela ukunciphisa ukuva. Ukukhulelwa okanye ukuxhwaleka kwindlebe kunokukhokelela ekugqibeleni (i-perforation) ye-membrane ye-tympanic phakathi kwendlebe engaphakathi kunye nangaphandle, ehambelana nokulahleka kokuva. Bonke abantwana bahlolwe ukuvalelwa ngunyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Ngokwesiko, uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kwengane luqhutyelwa phakathi kweenyanga ezisixhenxe neyesithoba, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokubambisana novavanyo lokubanzi lophuhliso.

Uvavanyo lokuvavanya

Ngethuba le gama, umntwana uhlala ekhondeni lomama, kwaye umongikazi ungaphambi komntwana kwaye uyamphazamisa umdlalo. Emva koko isitokisi siyasuswa, kwaye ugqirha, ongekho kumntwana ngaphesheya kwamehlo akhe, wenza isandi esikhulu. Umntwana kufuneka aphendukele kwisikhokelo somthombo wesandi. Uvavanyo luyenziwa kumacala omabini ngobunzulu obuhlukeneyo besandi. Ukuba umntwana unobanda okanye akabi kwaye akaphenduli kakuhle, uvavanyo luphindwa emva kweeveki ezimbalwa. Xa kukho ukungathandabuzeki, ngenxa yolu vavanyo, umntwana uhanjiswe ngokucebisana naye kwi-audiologist. Nge-otoscopy, i-pathology yendlebe ephakathi ingabonakaliswa, emele ihluke kumonakalo wemigodi ngesisombululo esilula - i-audiometer ye-impedance.

Vavanyo lweNonatal

Emazweni athuthukileyo, uvavanyo lokumisela umthombo wesandi luya kutshintshwa ngumvavanyo wokuhlola i-neonatal ovumela umntu ukuba ahlole umsebenzi weendlebe zangaphakathi. Le nkqubo inomvandalo ithatha imizuzu embalwa kwaye inokwenziwa kwintsana esanda kuzalwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa esibhedlele okanye kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokuphila. Idivaysi eyenza izandi zokucofa zifakwa kufuphi nendlebe yomntwana olele. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkobe yendlebe yangaphakathi yenza i-echo efunyenwe yi sixhobo. Olu vavanyo lukuvumela ukuba uqikelele ngokucacileyo uphuhliso oluqhelekileyo lwentetho. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iziphene ezinokwenzeka ngenxa yobukho bemithombo ye-amniotic fluid kunye ne-grease encinci kwindlebe yintsana. Kule meko, uvavanyo luphindwa emva kweeveki ezimbalwa. Ukuba umsebenzi wengxelo yomntwana usenokungathandabuzeki, khenketha kwiimvavanyo eziyinkimbinkimbi ukujonga ukulinganiswa kokulahlekelwa kwindlebe.

Iimvavanyo kamva

Abantwana abaye bafumana uvavanyo lokuhlola i-neonatal abayidingi ukuvavanywa kweendlebe kwiinyanga ezili-8. Nangona kunjalo, ukungaphumeleli kwindlebe kunokuphuhliswa kamva, ngoko ke ukuba abazali bexhalabele okanye ukuba kukho iingozi ezinjengezithulu kwintsapho okanye nembali yokumelana nokutya, ukunyuka kwamatyala kuhlolwe kubantwana abadala. Emva kokuvavanya ukukhubazeka okunzima kwilungu lokuphulaphula kumntwana, ukhethwa uncedo lokuphulaphula, esebenza ngomgaqo-amplifier. Izibeleko zihlala ziphethe izixhobo zokuva kakuhle, iingxaki zinokuthi zenzeke kubantwana abadala abakwazi ukunxiba. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, abazali bafuna ukunyamezela kunye nomonde.

Ulwaphulo lweNtetho

Abantwana abanokukhubazeka kokuvalelwa badibene kwinkqubo yokuthetha ngamatyala kunye nolwaphulo lweelwimi. Kwamanye abantwana abanezithulu ezinzulu zokuva iintloko zokuva izixhobo zokuphucula ukuphulaphula akunakwanela ukuphuhliswa kokuqhelekileyo kwentetho. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kuyimfuneko, ngokukhawuleza, ukufundisa abazali kunye nomntwana ukuthetha ngokusebenzisa ulwimi lwezandla.

Cochlear Implants

Abanye abantwana babonisa ukufakwa kwe-cochlear implant. Olu msebenzi olunzima luqhutywa kuphela kumaziko akhethekileyo. Itheknoloji ibandakanya ukuqaliswa kwe-electrode eyenza iindawo ezingenzi ukusebenza zendlebe yangaphakathi. Nangona izimpembelelo ezingabonakaliyo azibuyiseli ukuva, isiguli sinokufunda ukutshintsha izandi eziya kumnceda akwazi ukuthetha nabantu. Ngoku siyazi ukuba ukuphuhliswa komzimba womntwana onokukhubazeka kokuva ku fanele kube yintoni.