Kukho inani leengcebiso zokuqokelela ngokufanelekileyo umchamo ukuhlalutya:
1. Geza umntwana ngaphambi kokuqokelela umchamo. Xa ulingayo intombazana, qiniseka ukuba amanzi aphuma ukusuka phambili ukuya ngasemva. Geza le nkwenkwe, zama ukuvula kwaye uhlambe intloko yepenisi, kodwa kuphela ukuba isuswa kalula kwiqhwa. Musa ukumlimaza umntwana, uzama ukuphoqa intloko yepenisi.
2. Khumbula ukuba umchamo wasemanzini unikezela umphumo ongalunganga, ngoko ke, umchamo kuphela kusasa ukufuneka uhlalutye.
3. Izitya, ezenzelwe ukuqokelela uhlalutyo, kufuneka zenziwe inzalo. Ukwenza oku, unako ukubilisa okanye ubambe phezu kweso-mitha imizuzu elishumi elinesihlanu.
4. Xa umchamo uqokelelwe, yibeke kwindawo epholileyo. Akufanele igcinwe ngaphaya kweeyure ezingama-3 phambi kokuba uyihambise kwibhubhoratri.
Ngoko, uzalisekise zonke iingcebiso ezi ngasentla, udlulile umchamo ukuze uhlalutye kwi-laboratory, kwaye ngoku unayo ifomu kunye nesiphumo kwisandla sakho. Makhe sibone ukuba yonke into ihambelana nomntwana wakho.
Ukuchazwa kweziphumo kulandelayo:
1. Inani.
Ekuqaleni kwindlela yeziphumo zohlalutyo uza kubona umlinganiselo we-urine owawunikezelwa ngawo. Ukuhlalutya umgangatho, ubuncinane ubuncinane be-15 ml.
2. Umbala.
Ngokuqhelekileyo umchamo unobumba obumnyama ngenxa yekhontenti ye-pigment ye-urochrome. Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba ngenxa yokutya ukutya okanye ukuthatha amayeza, umbala we-urine ungatshintsha.
3. Ukungabonakali.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, umchamo ubonakala ngokucacileyo okanye uguquke, emva kwexesha elidlule. Ukuba umchamo uphaphaza okanye ufufumla, uthetha ngokuvuvukala kweentso kunye nomgudu wamanzi. Ukuba umchamo unomdaka kakhulu, uqulethe i-salts, iibhaktheriya kunye ne-mucus. Ukufumanisa oku kungcola kwibhubhoratri, izakhono ezizodwa ziya kusetyenziswa.
4. Uxinzelelo.
Ixabiso lexinzelelo lomchamo kufuneka libe ngaphakathi kwe-1007-1024. Ukuba ubuninzi buncitshiswa, bube ngumqondiso we-intsile yokungaphumeleli, i-polyuria, ixesha elide lalamba indlala. Ukuba ubuninzi, ngokuchaseneyo, bonyuka, oku kubonakalisa ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokutya okwaneleyo kwamanzi. Ungakulibali ukuba ubuninzi bomchamo buxhomekeke kwimali yelwelo kunye nokutya okwenziwe ngumntwana.
5. I-urinary reaction (pH).
Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba impendulo ingathathi hlangothi, i-acidic inobungozi okanye i-alkaline encinane. Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo li-6, 25 0, 36. Kuxhomekeke kwisondlo somntwana wakho. Ukuba umntwana udla iimveliso zenyama, ukuphendula komchamo kuya kuba yinto enamachukumisayo, kwaye ukususela ekusebenziseni imveliso yezityalo ixabiso le parameter liya kutshintsha kwi-alkaline.
6. Iiprotheni.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iiprotheyini kumchamo akufanele ibe. Ukuba iprotheni kumchamo ingaphezu kwesigqirha, oku kukuphawu lwesifo esithathelwanayo. Ngenxa yoko, umntwana wakho ufuna iimviwo ezongezelelweyo.
7. I-glucose.
Umxholo we-glucose kumchamo oqhelekileyo awufanele udlule i-0, 2%.
8. Epithelium.
I-epithelium iiseli ezidibanisa umphezulu wengqungquthela yomchamo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inani elincane le-epithelium liyavunyelwa - 1-2 kummandla wembono we-microscope. Ukuba ngaphezulu kufumaneka kuhlalutyo, mhlawumbi lithetha inkqubo yokuvuvukala.
9. Leukocytes.
I-leukocyte yimizimba yamhlophe yamhlophe. Ngokuqhelekileyo inani labo lincinci - kubafana abafika kwiiyunithi ezihlanu kwintsimi yombono we-microscope, ngamantombazana - ukuya kwi sixhenxe. Ukuba kukho i-leukocytes engaphezulu, oku kuyimpawu yenkqubo yokuvuvukala kwimigodi yamanzi.
10. I-Erythrocytes.
I-Erythrocytes ngamaseli obomvu. Kuphela ukufunyanwa kwabo ngobuninzi bodwa kuvunyelwe - kufika ku-3-4 ngaphakathi kwendawo yokujonga. Ukuba inani elikhulu leeseli ezibomvu lifunyenwe, lo luphawu lokuvuvukala okanye ukuphazamiseka kwemethambo.
11. IiHyalin cylinders.
Kungatsho ukuba oku, ngandlela-thile, ukubunjwa kwephepha lomchamo. Kuphela kuvunyelwe ukufumaneka kwixabiso elilodwa. Ukuba amaninzi awo atholakala, okanye iisilinda zoluhlobo oluthile (olubonisa utshintsho kwizintso), umntwana kufuneka ahlolwe phambili.
12. I-Mucus.
Ngokuqhelekileyo i-mucus akufanele ibe, okanye ingaba nexabiso elincinci. Ukuba kukho i-mucus eninzi kumchamo, oku kuthetha ukunyuka kweesaliti, enye enye inkalo yenkqubo yokuvuvukala.
13. Ityuwa.
Inani elincinane livumelekile. Ukuba i-salts enkulu ifunyenwe, ukuhlolwa komntwana kubalulekile.
14. Ibhaktheriya.
Inombolo encinci yamkelekile. Umxholo ophezulu weebhaktheriya ubonisa ukuba iphepheni ye-urinary isulelekile.
Ekugqibeleni, siyaqaphela ukuba umchamo oqokelelweyo ngokuchanekileyo uhlalutyo luqinisekisa ukuthembeka kweziphumo. Yaye ukuchazwa kwabo kuya kukunceda ukuba uqonde ukuba yonke into ihambelana nempilo yengane yakho, okanye kufuneka uviwo olongezelelweyo.