Izongezelelo zeempilo zibizwa ngokuba yizinto zokwenza izinto okanye izinto zendalo, ezenziwe ngokuzithandela kwimveliso yokutya ukufezekisa iinjongo ezithile zobuchwepheshe. Kwakhona ezi zinto ziyaziwa njengezongezo zokutya ngqo. Namhlanje, uninzi lwamagatsha okushisa - i-confectionery, ii-distillery, intlanzi kunye nokucutshungulwa kwenyama, ubhiya, ongeyotywala, ibhakabhaka kunye nabanye-bonke basebenzisa amakhulu eengxube zokutya ezahlukeneyo.
Ukwahlulelwa ngamanani
Emazweni aseYurophu, i-systeming numbering system isetyenzisiwe ukuhlenga ezo zongezelelo ukususela ngo-1953. Kuyo, isongezo ngasinye sinombolo yaso ekhethekileyo, ngokuqala ngeleta "E". Le nkqubo yokubala iyagqitywa kwaye kamva iyakwamukelwa kwiCodex Alimentarius.
Kule nkqubo, udibaniso ngalunye luboniswa yileta "E" kunye nenombolo elandelayo (umzekelo, E122). Amanqaku asasazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- 100-199 - idayi;
- 200-299 - izilondolozo;
- 300-399 - i-antioxidants;
- 400-499 - abatshayeli, abazinzileyo, abaxhamli;
- 500-599 - ama-agent-anti-caking agents kunye nabalawuli be-pH;
- 600-699 - iifutha kunye neentengiso zokunambitha;
- 700-799 - ii-antibiotics;
- 800-899 - indawo yokugcina;
- 900-999 - enye;
- 1000-1999 - izinto ezongezelelweyo ezongezelelweyo, kubandakanywa nezichaso.
Ingozi kwezinye izongezo zokutya
Ezi zinto zongezelelweyo zifunekayo ukuphucula ukuzinza nokukhuselwa kokutya, ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo kwimveliso, ukugcinwa kunye nokupakishwa, ukunyusa ubomi be-shelf yomkhiqizo. Nangona kunjalo, kuyaziwa ukuba, kwiinkcenkceshelo ezithile, ezi zongezelelo zingabangela ingozi kwimpilo yabantu, okungekho nawuphi na wabakhiqiza abaphikayo.
Kwimidiya, unako ukubonela ukuba iingxelo ezithile ezibangele ukwanda, umhlaza, isisu, njl njl. Kodwa kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba impembelelo yento nayiphi na into iyahlukahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimbini yempahla kunye neempawu zomntu ngamnye. Kuzo zonke izongezo, amaxabiso okusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke achazwe, obuninzi obangela iziphumo ezimbi. Kwizinto ezahlukileyo, i-dosage ingabalwa ukusuka kwii-milligram ezimbalwa ukuya kwishumi kwigramu nganye kilogram yomzimba womntu.
Kufuneka kwakhona kukhunjulwe ukuba ezinye zezi zinto zinefuthe lokunyuka, oko kukuthi, zinokuqokelela emzimbeni. Ukulawula ngaphezu kokuba ukutya kuqulethe izithako, ngokuqinisekileyo, kugqithiselwe abavelisi.
I-nitrite ye-sodium (E250) ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa i-sausages, nangona le nto yinto enesifo sotyhefu (ngaphezulu kwesigamu seenki zifa xa kuthatha umthamo ongaphezu kwe-180 mg nge kilogram yesisindo), kodwa akukho nto inqatshelwe kwisicelo salo okwangoku, kuba yinto ebuncinane ububi, ebonisa ukubonakala kakuhle kwemveliso, kwaye ngokwandisa umthamo wokuthengisa (ukwenzela ukuba uqiniseke oku okukwanelisekile ukuthelekisa umbala weesitolo zeesitolo kunye nombala wekhaya). Kumanqanaba aphezulu amanqamu okutshaya umgangatho we-nitrite uphezulu kunama-sausage okuphekiweyo, kuba iyakwamkeleka ukuba iyadliwa ngobuncinane.
Izongezo ezisele zingabonwa njengekhuselekile, ezifana ne-sucrose, i-lactic acid nezinye. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela zabo zokwahlukana ziyahlukahlukana ngamazwe ngamazwe, ngoko ke, ingozi yabo kwimpilo ingahluka. Njengoko iindlela zokuhlalutya ziphuhlise kunye nedatha entsha kwi-toxicity of additives ebonakalayo, imilinganiselo yomxholo wezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo kwizongezo zokutya iyahluka.
Ngokomzekelo, ngaphambili kwakucatshangelwa ukuba i-E121 engenabungozi equlethwe ngamanzi e-carbonate kunye ne-formaldehyde E240 okwangoku ibonwa njengengozi kwaye ingavunyelwe ukusetyenziswa. Ukongezelela, izongezelelo ezingenakunobungozi kumzimba womntu omnye, kungabi nakubungozi kumntu wonke, ngoko ke abantwana, abantu abachasayo kunye nabantu asebekhulile bayincoma ukusebenzisa izongezelelo ezincinci.
Inani labakhiqizi ngenjongo yokuthengisa, endaweni yekhowudi yekhowudi kubonisa igama le-additive (umzekelo "glutamate sodium"), abanye basebenzisa irekhodi elipheleleyo - kunye negama leekhemikhali kunye nekhowudi yekhowudi.