Yintoni i-ultrasound esetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Ngekhulu lama-21, abazali akudingeki ukuba balinde iinyanga ezilisithoba ukuze babone umntwana wabo. Ndiyabulela ukuxilongwa kwamhlanje kwe-ultrasound, intlanganiso ekulindelwe ixesha elide inokwenzeka xa ukhulelwe. Enyanisweni, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abazali ngokunyanisekileyo abafuni ukwabelana ngesondo somntwana ongakazalwa. Ngaloo ndlela, kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokuzalwa kunye nentombazana, kunye nencinci, kunye nabantwana abaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusiyo isizathu sokugatya ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound! Ingakumbi kwi-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Yintoni enye eyiluncedo kuphando olucwangcisiweyo, ngaphandle kokwanelisa umnqweno wamama, ootata kunye neentsapho ezininzi?
Ukuxilongwa ngoncedo lwe-ultrasound ngexesha elifutshane liba ligunya xa uhlola onke amabhinqa akhulelwe. I-ultrasound ye-Apparatus iyakwiidolophana ezincinci, kunye nabo bonke abafazi. Inzuzo enkulu yezo zifundo zichanekileyo iinkcukacha malunga nokuphuhliswa komntwana ngaphandle kokubangela nayiphi na ingozi kwaye ingabonakali kubo bobabini. Umgaqo wokusebenza kwezixhobo ze-ultrasound ulula ngokwaneleyo: i-sensor ephakamileyo esiswini isithumela isibonakaliso esibuthakathaka sokuthi, ukudlulela kwisibeleko, umntwana, i-placenta kubonakala ngokukodwa kwaye uthumele iimpawu zempendulo eziboniswe kwiskrini seso. Amaza acatshulwayo angachazwa ngumbala: amathambo amakhulu (amathambo) - amhlophe, amathambo athambileyo-grey, amniotic fluid - abamnyama, ngenxa yokuba i-ultrasound iyabonakala. Ngokweziseko zolu tshintshelo, ikhompyutha ivelisa ulwazi ngohlobo apho ugqirha ahlola imeko yomntwana aze athathe uphuhliso lwalo kwixesha elizayo.
Kwiingxoxo kunye neengxoxo malunga nokucebisa ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound zonke iingxabano "ezichasene" zixhaswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ngaphambili ukuphulwa kufunyanwe ekuphuhlisweni komntwana, enye nemiphumo emncinci yomntwana kunye nokulondolozwa kwempilo yokubeleka kunokulungiswa okuthile. Hayi, iimpembelelo zofuzo kunye neempembelelo kubantwana, kunokubonakala ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle komfazi, ngokwemiqathango yokuhlalutya kwekliniki, umfanekiso ochanekileyo wento eyenzekayo ayenziwanga.
Iindlela zamanje ze ultrasound
Kwiyeza zanamhlanje, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound zikhula rhoqo imihla. Iimviwo ngexesha lokukhulelwa zinika oogqirha kunye nabazali ithuba elikhulu lokuqinisekisa ukuzalwa nokubonakaliswa kwabantwana abaphilileyo. Ukuba ngaba isigulane sasihlolisiswa ngaphandle, ke namhlanje ungasebenzisa isisenti sesisu. Olu lusindiso lwangempela kwiimeko apho umntwana enzulu okanye umfazi okhulu kunene.
I-sensor engapheliyo okanye i-sensor encinci ifakwe kwiimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Inamandla amancinci e-ultrasonic, kodwa iyakwandisa ukuthembeka kunye neziphumo zeziphumo. Ukongezelela, besihlala sisinelisekiso ngomfanekiso ocacileyo wezitho ezisisiseko kunye neenkqubo zenyama yomntwana embala omnyama nomhlophe (2D). Ngoku abazali banokukhetha i-3D okanye i-4D ukuxilongwa ukuze kulandelelanise, ngomfanekiso wombala, bahlolisise iindlalifa zabo. Yintoni esinokuyithetha ngokubaluleka kokuxilonga ukuhamba kwegazi kwipentecenta, ukujikeleza kwegazi lomfayo, ukufakelwa kwe-oksijeni, eya kuba yinkqubo ye-Doppler inkqubo (uhlobo lwe-ultrasound).
Ukuzama ukuthatha umzuzu wonke, ukuqala ngeendaba ezivuyayo ukusuka ekukhulelweni ukuya ekuzalweni kwe-crumb, awusayi kusebenzisa kakubi iziphumo zanamhlanje. Akunakufuneka wenze ama-ultrasounds ngokuqhelekileyo ukuze ufumane imifanekiso yomntwana okanye ividiyo ngeendlela zakhe zesisu. Emva kwakho konke, ukuba kucaciswe, ugqirha unokwandisa amandla ombonakaliso kunye nexesha lokubukela. Cinga, okokuqala, malunga nempilo kunye nokhuseleko lomntwana.
Imimiselo kunye nobude bexilongwe ye-ultrasound ngexesha lokukhulelwa liye lasungulwa ngokusemthethweni. Inkqubo eyenziwa ifike kwimaminithi engama-30 kunye namandla ombonakaliso olawulwa ngokuthe ngqo. Eli xesha liwanele ugqirha nabazali. Kwaye umfanekiso wesimangalo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomama nosana. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, ugqirha akayi kubonakalisa kuphela ukuphambuka okusemandleni, kodwa kwakhona unokukwazi ukuxela ukuba ukukhulelwa kuya kuqhubeka njani.
Ugqirha kufuneka:
• Ukuchonga nokuqinisekisa ukuqaliswa kokukhulelwa kumaziko okuqala.
• Ukuchonga ukukhulelwa okubanzi, ukuze ulungiselele ngengqondo abazali, banikele ngamathuba omali kwaye ubekezele abantwana abangenazo iingxaki.
• Bala ixesha elifanelekileyo lomntwana kunye nosuku olulindelekileyo lokuhanjiswa.
• Ukufumanisa ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic kunye namaxesha okuqala ukulungisa imeko ngaphandle kokungenelela okukhulu.
• Ukutyhila i-pathology yekhosi yokukhulelwa - i-detachment ye-placenta, ingozi yokuphazanyiswa, ithoni ye-uterus nezinye izinto zokugcina ukukhulelwa.
• Ukuchonga iziphene zentuthuko yomntwana kunye nokuvavanya i-degree (ukungqinelani nobomi okanye imfuno yonyango).
• Cinga iimpawu zokuzalwa - ubunzima bomntwana, umtsalane, imeko yentambo, i-cuff yayo kunye nomhla wokuzalwa.
• Fumana isondo somntwana.
Iimpawu zokuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound ngexesha lokukhulelwa
Uluhlu oluchanekileyo lwengcaciso, ogqirha ayenayo emva kwe-ultrasound, kwenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba angaboni kakuhle, njengokuba kunjalo xa unqatshelwe umama kwizo zifundo. Emva koko inyathelo eliphosakeleyo lingenza umonakalo omkhulu kunokuba ubude bemi radiation. Kwaye ukuba kunikwa isilathiso sokuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound kuwe malunga nemeko yempilo, ngoko akukho nto ingayinqaba.
Izifo ezingapheliyo kunye nezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo zegazi, apho ukubonisana nomfuzo kubalulekile.
• Kwimeko yamatyala, nangenxa yesigxina segazi lokusweleka kwesisu, ukutshatyalaliswa komntwana, ukutshatyalaliswa kwamathambo okanye izifo ezifa. Ukwenza oku, kuya kufuneka ufumane uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lwegazi ukwenzela ukuba ubonakalise amathuba okuphuhlisa isifo somntwana.
• Ukuba uthetha ngokukhulelwa, usebenze kwimveliso yamachiza eyingozi okanye kwi-X-ray.
• Ukuphulwa koxinzelelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Enye inkulu enkulu ye-ultrasound kukulondoloza ukukhulelwa okungafunekiyo. Kancinci kuthiwa ngolu hlobo, kodwa ukuba umfazi akayi kuqala ukwenza utshintsho, ngoko ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo kugqitywa ukuphazamisa ukukhulelwa. Kodwa, xa evile ingqongqo yentliziyo yecala, emva kokubona indoda yangempela ngaphakathi yangaphakathi kweso sihlo, utshintsha uluvo lwakhe kwaye luzala!
Ngaba unempilo?
Nangona oogqirha besetyhini abanempilo bancoma ukuba benze ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound kwi-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Emva kokuba wenze i-ultrasound, awuyi ku-inshorensi kuphela, kodwa kude kube yilapho ubeletha ungeke ukwazi ukukhathazeka malunga nosana. Ukwesaba, amava kunye namava oxinzelelo obunzulu ukusuka kwimeko yokukhulelwa kwengxaki ayifanelekanga. Impumelelo yangoku yeyeza, ukuziphatha kwakho nokunyamekela umntwana, ukulandela iziphakamiso zogqirha kuya kubakho ukuphuhliswa ngempumelelo kweziganeko. Akukho zimo ezimbi, kwaye kwiimeko ezimbi, izifo ezininzi ziphathwa kwaye zilungiswe kwisibeleko.
Ulwazi olungenakuthenjwa malunga neengozi ze-ultrasound, eyenzelwe ukutsala umdla kwimithombo ethile yolwazi, kungekhona nje kuphela uphando kuwo, kodwa nezizathu ezisemthethweni. Ukongezelela koko, inkohlakalo kwaye ingenangqungquthela kwizinto eziphambili, kuba inokukhuphaza ibhinqa elikhulelweyo, ichukumise ingcamango yokwenqaba, yenza ukuba bazihlakulele ngemibandela malunga nempilo yengane, bathathe ixesha elixabisekileyo lokulungiswa kwezilwanyana ezikhutshwe ngokutsha. Qaphela ukuba i-ultrasound iyancipha ngokukhawuleza ukushisa kwama-tisses kwaye ayikho imiphumo emibi. Ukususela kwixesha leendaba ezivuyayo malunga nokubonakala komntwana, kuninzi kuxhomekeke kwisigqibo somntu wesifazane kunye nendalo yakhe. Ngako oko, kungcono ukwenza ngaphandle kokugqithisa - umzekelo, ukulahla ngokupheleleyo kwi-ultrasound okanye ukuqhuba i-ultrasound kuphela xa kukho inyanga.
Misela iziphumo ze-ultrasound
Ukuba ngenxa yezizathu ezithile iziphumo zokuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound zibangele ukungathandabuzeki okanye into evuyayo, zama kuqala ukuqonda amagama ongaqhelekanga ongaqhelekanga. Emva kwe-ultrasound kumgqirha wengcebiso yabasetyhini uya kunikwa iphepha kunye nedatha, ongayicela ukuba uyichaze kwi-reception of the gynecologist:
I-Fetus - inombolo kunye nemeko yengane ezayo (iintsana).
Ubungqina - intloko, i-pelvic, i-transverse, oblique, engaqinisekiyo. Emva kweeveki ezingama-30, umntwana kufuneka ahlale okanye sele sele esesikhundleni-ngaphambili. Kodwa ukuba umntwana akayi kuguqulwa ngomhla wokuzalwa, icandelo lekota liya kwenziwa.
I-Fetometry ye-fetus yilinganiso yentloko kunye ne-cerebellum, isisu, isisu, i-tibia, intliziyo.
Imimiselo yomgaqo-siseko yesakhiwo somntwana - umlinganiselo wezalathisi zobusiso ngexesha elithile kunye neempawu zomgaqo-siseko wabantwana. I mpazamo zi vunyelwe.
Umntwana ukhula ngokukhawuleza - inkcazo yokulibaziseka ekuphuculweni kwe-intrauterine kunye ne-syndrome yokuphuculwa kokukhula komntwana. Ngomqondiso omncinci, i-dopplerography kunye ne-cardiotocography zenziwe ngokungekho. Emva koko umntwana uya kugcinwa kwiintshintshi rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini, ukwenzela ukuba angenzi unyango olongezelelweyo ngomngcipheko weengxaki ezinokwenzeka.
Ubungakanani bendawo yekhola ayikho ngaphezu kwe-2.5 ukuya kwi-3 mm ngeveki le-12. Ukuba baninzi, baya kuqhuba i-anamnesis, uvavanyo lwe-alpha-fetoprotein, ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukusuka kwintambo yomlomo. Ukukhuphela okanye ukuqinisekisa izifo ze-chromosomal.
Intamo yokufakelwa kwintambo yomgca - ichongiwe okanye ayikho, ngenxa yeendlela zobuchule kunye nokulawulwa kokuzalwa. Ngako oko, isibonakaliso asibalulekanga.
Inqanaba lentliziyo ye-Fetal liyi-110 - 180 ibhokhwe ngomzuzu ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwangaphambili kwaye yehla ukuya kwi-120-160 ngexesha lokuqalisa ukusebenza.
Ukuba, emva kokuchazwa kwedata, akukho calming, ngoko kungcono ukudibanisa omnye onguchwepheshe kwaye ufumane ukulala kwesandi. Gxininisa kwiSebe lezeMpilo leShedyuli yelizwe lakho le-ultrasound ecwangcisiweyo, ubungqina beengcali ezikujongayo, impilo yakho. Intliziyo yesisu kunye ne-intuition ayiyi kutshabalalisa, kodwa iya kwenza imizamo eninzi yokwenza umntwana onomsoco kwaye onoyolo!
Yenza i-ultrasound ukuskena ngexesha
Ukukhawuleza ukwenza i-ultrasound akusekho mfuneko, ukuba kuphela ukuba oogqirha abayinconyanga oku de iiveki ezi-10 zokukhulelwa. Ngaba ufuna ukwenza ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound ngaphambili? Uya kuqinisekiswa kuphela ngento yokukhulelwa kwaye unqume inani lezityalo (ezininzi okanye ezingekho). Ngaphandle kwezizathu ezinzima, kunjalo, kuyafaneleka ukugcina izikhokelo ezicwangcisiweyo, ezibandakanya iimviwo ezintathu zokugunyazwa kwe-ultrasound : kwixesha leeveki ezi-10 ukuya kwe-12, kwiiveki ezingama-20 ukuya phezulu ukuya ngaphambi kokubeleka kwiiveki ezingama-32-34. Kodwa yiyiphi impawu nganye kwixesha, funda ngakumbi:
Eli thuba liiveki ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-8. Ukuxilongwa: Ukuqinisekiswa kweqiniso lokukhulelwa. Ukuchonga indawo yokunamathiswa kweqanda lomntwana. Ukukhubazeka kwembungu (ukuchithwa kwemizimba kunye nomsebenzi wokunyakaza) . Umbuso weplacenta ezayo kwaye amanzi ahlolwa. Iingcebiso: Oogqirha bacelwa ukuba balinde ixesha elide ukuze bafumane ezinye izinto ezinobunzima. Ukuba kukho iingxaki, phinda uphinda i-ultrasound ingenziwa emva kweentsuku ezingama-5 ukuya kwe-7.
Ikota yiveki ye-10 ukuya kwi-12. Ukuxilongwa: Ingxelo yokukhulelwa okuqhubekayo. Ukumisela kwekota kunye nomhla wokulindeleka wokuzalwa ngokuchaneka kweentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwe-3. Ukulinganisa kwendawo yomlomo wesibeleko ukukhupha ukungabikho kwe-chromosomal okungavumelekanga Ukuhlola kwepentecenta, i-amniotic fluid kunye neempawu zokuqala ezingaqhelekanga. Iziphakamiso: Ngesicelo sakho, oogqirha abanamava banokwazi ukuthetha ngesondo lomntwana, uhlalise okanye uqaphele ukuphambuka okukhoyo. Khumbuza, i-ultrasound ebaluleke kakhulu elandelayo kwiiveki ezingama-22.
Ixesha leeveki ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-24. Ukuxilongwa: Okubizwa ngokuba yi-screening examination, ngexesha apho kugxininiswe ekuqaliseni okanye ekuqinisekiseni ukungabikho kwemiphumo. Ukulinganisa ubukhulu bomntwana kunye nomyinge kunye nobude bokukhulelwa, kunye nokucinga kobunzima ngexesha lokunikezelwa. Ukumisela kwimeko ye-placenta, i-amniotic fluid.
Ikota iiveki ezingama-30 ukuya kuma-34. Ukuxilongwa: Ukuphononongwa kweeramitha ezifundwa ngaphambili, imoto yomsebenzi womntwana, ukufundisisa ubunzulu bokuphuma kwegazi nge-uteroplacental nge-doppler.
Iingcebiso eziqhelekileyo ngee-20 ukuya kuma-24, iiveki ezingama-30 ukuya kuma-34: Ngethuba lokubhalwa kwezi zihlandlo, oogqirha bavavanya kwaye bavakalise izimvo malunga nemeko yomlomo wesibeleko (iyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwithuba lokukhulelwa, i-zebra ivaliwe, ilulaza usuku lokuzalwa). Ukuba umlomo wesibeleko uvulwa kwangaphambi kwexesha, kuya kufuneka kube lula ukubeka ngaphezulu i-sutures yokugaya. Ubungakanani beendonga ze-uterine buqikelelwe. Ngotyikitya kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye yalo, unako ukucacisa ithoni yokuqala, engakhokelela ekusongweni kokupheliswa kokukhulelwa. Umbuso we-placenta (umthengi oyintloko we-oksijeni, izondlo kunye nokukhuselwa kwintlanzi yangaphandle) ujonge isakhiwo kunye nesantya sokukhula: i-zero (phambi kweveki yama-27), yokuqala (ukususela kwi-27 ukuya kwe-35), yesibini kunye neyesithathu evumelekileyo-ukusuka kwi-32 iiveki ezingama-36. Inombolo kunye nesakhiwo samanzi, xa isalathisi esiyinhloko sisisigxina somgama we-2-8 cm phakathi kwamaziko omntwana kunye nodonga lwesisu.
Ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ukuxilongwa: Kwenziwa ngokutsho kobubungqina okanye umnqweno womama ukwenzela ukuba ekugqibeleni ufumene ubungakanani bomntwana, isimo kunye nomqathango womntwana, intambo enokuthi ixhomekeke yintambo. Iingcebiso: Ukumisela nokugqiba uhlobo lokunikezelwa, ukuthatha amanyathelo okubeleka kokukhawuleza xa kwenzeka iingxaki.
Njengoko sibona, ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound kwi-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa kunye nakwixesha elizayo isamba esikhulu semali sihlalutyiweyo. Kwaye konke ukukhusela ingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa nokubeletha. Ngoko ke, ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuqinisekileyo!