Kukholelwa ukuba ukuzalwa komntwana omkhulu kuyisipho sangempela sokubakho abazali bakhe. Abantu bathi ubukhulu obusana olutsha lufaka ubungqina kwimpilo enamandla. Kwaye bathi: "Eli qhawe"! Kodwa oogqirha abahlali bebelane nalo mbono. Ingaba le nto ibingumntwana xa ezalwe kakhulu?
Ukuzalwa komntwana omkhulu - ngaba kuhle kakhulu? Emva koko, imimiselo kunye nemigangatho yokulinganisa nokuphakama kweentsana ziza kuba nemiqathango kwaye zihlala zihlaziywa kwakhona. Nangona kunjalo, awukwazi ngaphandle. Iintsana ezizalwe ngesisindo somzimba esingu-4 ukuya kwi-5 kg. kunye nokukhula kwe-57 cm nangaphezulu, i-neonatologists ihlelwa njengabantwana abangaphezu kwesiqhelo. Okwangoku, amanani athi kule minyaka yamuva, abaninzi baninzi bazalwa abantwana abakhulu. Iingcali zenzululwazi zibonisa ukuba le nto yenzeke kwimeko yokukhawuleza.
Izazi zenzululwazi zithelekisa iziphumo zophando lwe-anthropology olwenziwe kuma-1930 kunye nolwazi lwangoku. Kwaye kwathi ngeli xesha ubunzima bomzimba womntwana ekuzalweni "bukhula" ngokuqhelekileyo ngama-100-300 amagremu, kunye nobude bomzimba ngo-2-3 cm. Ngokweengcali, oku kubangelwa inkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe bezobugcisa kunye nezobugcisa, ukuphucula umgangatho wesondlo kunye umgangatho wobomi ngokubanzi. Ngethuba lethu kunezifo ezincinci kwaye zingancinci, abafazi banzima ukunyamezela ukukhulelwa.
Nangona ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngexesha lokuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound ye-fetus, ngokulinganisa ubukhulu bekhanda, isithintelo esiswini kunye nobude be-femur, ugqirha unokubona iimpawu zokukhawuleza. Kuye kwenzeka ukuba ngokwalezi zikhombisi "amaqhawe" aphuma kwiontanga zabo kwiiveki ezimbini xa kuthelekiswa nomyinge wokuphuhliswa komntwana ngexesha elithile lokukhulelwa. Kule meko, abantwana abakhulu bayamangaliswa nje ngesisindo somzimba kunye nokukhula ngexesha lokuzalwa, kodwa nangenxa yokuhamba kwentuthuko. Ngoko, iingcali zithi ukunyuka kwesisindo somzimba kwisiqingatha, esivame ukubonwa kwiintsana ezineminyaka eyi-5-6 ubudala, kubantwana-ukukhawuleza kwenzeka kakade kwiinyanga ezine. Ukongezelela, isithintelo esifubeni kwiintsana ezinjalo ziba zikhulu kunomxholo wentloko nakwiinyanga ezi-4, ngelixa iintsana ezininzi zibonwa kuphela kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Kubantwana abakhulu, i-fontanel ikhula ngokukhawuleza, amazinyo aphelile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngokudala "amaqhawe" akhula nje ngokukhawuleza intuthuko yentuthuko kwaye ngokungafaniyo noontanga.
Ukuba ukuzalwa komntwana omkhulu kuba ngumphumo wokukhawuleza, kutheni bonke onina abazalwa kubantwana abakhulu? Iingcali zenzululwazi zibiza izizathu ezininzi ezibangela ukuzalwa komntwana omkhulu. Zizo zilandelayo:
- Ubukhulu bepentecenta. Ummandla omkhulu, umthamo kunye nobukhulu be-placenta (ngaphezulu kwe-5 cm) kwandisa inani legazi elijikelezayo kuyo. Kuthetha ukuba i-metabolism iba namandla kakhulu, izinga lokukhula komntwana lukhawuleza.
- Ukukhulelwa okuphindaphindiweyo. Iziphumo zophando lwezenzululwazi zibonisa ukuba ngokukhulelwa okuphindaphindiweyo, abantwana abakhulu bazalwa. Esi sihlandlo esiqhelekileyo emva kokuzalwa kwesithathu. Iingcali zibonisa ukuba oku kuphuculwe kwiimeko zokuphuhliswa kwe-intrauterine.
- Heredity. Abade, abazali abancinci bazalwa ngabantwana abafanayo. Kakade ke, zide kwaye zikhulu kuneentanga zabo, ezingenabo abazali abaninzi.
- Ukufuduka kukukhokelela ekunyuseni kwimitshato edibeneyo, kubangela ukuba utshintsho lwezofuzo lukhokelela ekukhawulezeni kwenzalo.
Kubalulekile ukwazi.
Ukuzalwa komntwana omkhulu akusoloko kudibaniswa nento yokukhawuleza. Kukho ezinye izizathu zokuzalwa kwabantwana abakhulu. Enyanisweni, abakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-positive:
- Izifo ze-Endocrine-izifo zesifo se-mother's future, ezifana nokukhuluphala nokutya kwesifo sikashukela. Ukunyaniseka kukukhokelela ekubeni i-fatty acid acides pass from mother to fetus. Ngenxa yoko, i-pancreas isebenza kwixesha elingaphezu kwexesha, elikhokelela ekuzalweni komntwana omkhulu. Isifo sikashukela sisifo esibangelwa kukunyuka kwinqanaba le-glucose egazini, ekhokelela ekubonakala kwintlawulo yeoli. Ukuba umfazi okhulelwe unesifo sikashukela, umntwana akavelanga ngokulinganayo: ukukhula kwakhe kwancipha, ngoko kuhamba ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukunyanyiswa ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Akuqhelekanga ukuba owesifazane okhulelweyo aqale ukuhlaziya ngamandla, ukuze abuye abuyele. Abo bafumana beemeko ezifanayo, bayazi ukuba oogqirha abavumelani nokutshintshwa kweziganeko. Emva koko, igazi landa umxholo we-cholesterol, ushukela, lipids. Ukuze le nto ingenzeki, umama olindelekileyo kufuneka adle ukutya okunokulinganisela, ugcine ukutya, ulawule ukutya kokutya okunandi. Ukongezelela, umfazi okhulelwe akafanelekanga ukuyeka ukuhamba ngaphandle. Ngokuqinisekileyo baya kunceda bobabili umama kunye nosana lwakhe.
- Ukugqitha. Ukukhulelwa, okuhlala ixesha elide ngaphezu kweeveki ezingama-40, kubangela ukuvuthwa kwe-placenta ne-fetus. Ngenxa yoko, ubunzima bomntwana osisiseko bufikelela kwi-4 okanye ngaphezulu kweekg, ubude bomzimba kunye nokujikeleza kwentloko kwanda.
Wazalelwa.
Ukuba ukuzalwa komntwana omkhulu kunxulumene nesimo sokukhawuleza, abazali banokuvuyiswa kukuba bakwazi ukuzala "iqhawe" lokwenene kwaye ungakhathazeki ukuba kukho into engalunganga kumntwana. Ukuba ubunzima kunye nokuphakama kweza kusana kubangelwa iingxaki zempilo, ngoko kwixesha elizayo, umama nobaba mabalandele zonke iingcebiso zogqirha ukwenzela ukuba uphuhliso lolutsha luya "ngokwecebo".
Ukuphuhliswa komntwana omkhulu kuhlolwe ngokukhawuleza kungekhona kuphela ngaba-neonatologists kunye nezingane, kodwa kunye ne-neuropathologists kunye ne-endocrinologists. Iingcali ziqaphele ukuba abantwana abaninzi banesifo sikashukela kunye nokukhuluphala, banokuphuka kwiimeko zokuhlala begazi, banemvelaphi yokuphuma. Yingakho oogqirha bajonga ngokukhawuleza intambo yophuhliso kunye nempilo yabantwana abanjalo. Ziziphi iingxaki eziqhele ukuhlangabezana nazo? Yintoni efunekayo umama?
Okokuqala , umntwana omkhulu kunzima ukuthwala. Ngoko ke, ukuphila kwakhe kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiimeko zokuhamba kwakhe kwiindlela eziphathekayo. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, "iziqhwala" zivame ukufumana ingcinezelo yendalo. Phakathi kwazo, ezifana neziqhekeza ze-clavicle, izibhamu, iparresis yamagxa. Abantwana abakhulu bayazibona iingxaki ze-neurologic (ukuxhalaba, ukugubungeleka komzimba, ukutshintsha kwimiyalezo ye-muscle kunye ne-reflexes), ezinxulumene nokusabalalisa kwe-cerebral. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho ukulimala kakhulu kokuzala. Yingakho oogqirha, ukwenza i-ultrasound diagnosis, ukubonela isiqhamo esikhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo banikezela isigaba sokugcina. Ukuba ubungakanani bentloko yebhinqa ayifani nobungakanani obulindelekileyo bokuzalwa, ke akukho ndlela yokuyenza ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa. Ukuba umama ozayo "mkhulu", ngoko umntwana akayi kuhlupheka. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, owesifazane okhulelweyo kufuneka abonane neengcali kwaye angabandakanyi nasiphi na isifo sokubeleka.
Okwesibini , ukuzalwa komntwana omdala ngumfazi ophethwe yisifo sikashukela, mhlawumbi engakhange abonakaliswe, akunjalo, kodwa umgaqo. Kwaye ngamnye umntwana wakhe ozayo uya kuba mkhulu kunelo elidlulileyo. Ngaphezu koko, kukho ingozi enkulu yokuba abantwana baya kuba neengxaki ze-endocrine. Yingakho impilo yeintsana "amaqhawe" ihlolwe ngokugqithiseleyo ngamagqirha. Ukubonisana ne-endocrinologist kunyanzelekile. Ukuba intsapho inezihlobo ezinentsholongwane yesifo sikashukela, kwaye umama ozayo uwela kwiqela elijongene nobungozi, oogqirha baya kwenza unyango olukhethekileyo ukukhusela ukuzalwa komntwana omkhulu kwaye ukuba umntwana akalimele ngexesha lokukhula komntwana.
Okwesithathu , nangona ucinga ukuba ukuzalwa komntwana omkhulu akunxulumene neengxaki zempilo, kusekho imfuneko ukubonisa iintsana ze-endocrinologist kunye nokuhlola ukuba khona kwentsholongwane. Kukho utshintsho olubini kwiimeko: nokuba uya kuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ihambelana ne-carapace, okanye ugqirha uya kubonakalisa into engalunganga kwaye athathe amanyathelo afike ngexesha. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, bobabini bangcono kunokuhlala bengakwazi.
Okwesine , oomama abanomlinganiselo omkhulu kufuneka bazi ukuba ukulungelelaniswa emva kokuzalwa kule ntsana kunzima. Ukuba iintsana eziqhelekileyo ziphefumula ngexesha leentsuku zokuqala ezingu-3-5, i-pulse iya kuba, intliziyo iqala ukusebenza kwisiganeko, i-tractinalinal tract ingena kwi-regime yayo, ngoko ixesha lokuguqula iigorantshe liba liveki ezimbini. Ukongezelela, ababenzileyo xa beqhathaniswa neontanga zabo. Kodwa, njengoko uyazi, kukho ukungafani kuyo yonke imithetho.
Okwesibini , abazali bezingane ezinkulu kufuneka bakhumbule ukuba, naphezu kobukhulu babo, i-carapace kufuneka idle ukutya okuninzi njengomntwana osemyingeni. Kule meko, umntwana omkhulu unako ukongeza ubungakanani bakhe koontanga. Ukuba unina uzimisele ukuzaliseka, umntwana unokufumana i-metabolism engancinci. Ukulungisa loo meko, abazali kufuneka bajonge ukunondliwa komntwana, bahambe ngakumbi kunye naye emoyeni omtsha, bamnike umdlalo omnandi kunye ohambayo. Kwakhona, oomama kunye nootata babantwana abakhulu banokucetyiswa ukuba babhale umntwana osele echibini. Ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuyithanda!
Ngokukhawuleza xa unina kunye neqhawe lakhe libuyela ekhaya esibhedlele, isiqubulo kunye nefilosofi kufuneka ibe yindlela yokuphila enempilo. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana uyadingeka imihla ngemihla:
- Ukuhlawula;
- Gymnastics;
- Ukuhamba ixesha elide emoyeni omtsha;
- Ukutya okunokulinganisela, okwenene, kulungile ukuba ubisi lomama.
Ukuba i-giant isesondlo sokufakelwa, abazali kufuneka benze ukhetho ngokuxutywa ngotshani obisiweyo. Iingcali ziqaphele ukuba kwiintsana ezinkulu, i-acidity ye-juice esiswini isoloko iyancitshiswa. Ngesizathu esifanayo, iindleko zokuqala kufuneka zibe ziziqhamo kunye nemifuno ye-vegetable, hhayi i-porridge. Kwaye ngakumbi: ukuba uyondla umntwana kunye neengxube, qaphela ngokuqhelekileyo umgangatho wokuxutywa komxube owomileyo emanzini, kungabikho nxu lumano lwalo. Ukubala umlinganiselo wekhalori kwintsana yakho, jonga iminyaka yakhe, ungabi sisisindo.
Ukuba abazali bexhalabele ngempilo yengane yabo, kufuneka bathathe ngokungathí sina iingcebiso zogqirha. Iyeza zanamhlanje kunye nothando olukhulu lwabazali benza imimangaliso yangempela. Vumela umntwana wakho akhule njengeqhawe langempela!