Bambalwa abantu abanokungabaza ukuba utywala kunye nokukhulelwa akuhambelani. Kodwa, nangona kunjalo, kukho abantu abathi ubutywala ngamanani amancinci kumntwana akayi kukulimaza. Cinga ukuba utywala usebenza njani kwiinyanga zokuqala zokukhulelwa ekuphuhlisweni komntwana. Kwaye kwimeko yokukhulelwa ngokwawo.
Imiphumo yotywala kwiinyanga zokuqala zokukhulelwa
Utywala ngexesha lokuqala lenkalo ebangela umdla kakhulu isetyenziswa ngumfazi xa engakhange akrokrele ukuba ukhulelwe. Kodwa ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kotywala kukuzisa ezininzi iingxaki. Oku kubangelwa kukuba ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa zonke izitho zangaphakathi zentsana zibekiwe. Ngenyanga yokuqala yokukhulelwa, ukusela kunokubangela ukuphuphuma komzimba. Ukuze uqiniseke ngengozi yotywala, qwalasela okwenzekayo ngeli xesha kunye nombungu.
Ngeveki yokuqala emva kokukhulelwa, iqanda elichumayo ngebhokisi le-fallopian lihamba liye kwisigxina se-uterine. Ngelo xesha, isahluko esinamandla kakhulu se-oocyte siqala. Kwindawo yokubeleka kwesibeleko kungena kwiqanda ngesimo seqoqo leeseli. Ngeliveki yesibini, iqanda liqala ukungena eludongeni lwesisu. Ngexesha elifanayo, iigobolondo zebhanki ziqala ukwenza - i-chorion, efunekayo ukulungisa iqanda lomntwana kwiqanda le-uterine. Kuleveki ezimbini zokuqala emva kokukhulelwa ukuba umphumo wotywala uchaphazela ukukhulelwa ngale ndlela. Ubunxila abuchaphazeli ukukhulelwa nonke, okanye kubangela ukuphuma komzimba ngokukhawuleza.
Akusiyo imfihlo ukuba ibhinqa elifuna ukuzala umntwana emva kokusela utywala, engazi ukuba ukhulelwe, emva kokuxinezeleka okukhulu. Ukuba ukukhulelwa kugcinwe, ngoko kwixesha elizayo kufuneka kukhutshwa ngaphandle kokusela utywala ngokupheleleyo.
Ukusela utywala kwiveki yesi-4 yimeko ekhangayo kuyingozi kakhulu, kuba inkqubo ye-organogenesis iqala. Ngaphandle koko, ibhukmakhi iqala, kunye nokubunjwa kwezitho zangaphakathi zomntwana. Ukungena emzimbeni wesibhakabhaka, utywala obunxila kakhulu kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, kumntwana. Akukho mfihlo yokuba utywala ngumntu onobuthi ophazamisa uphuhliso oluqhelekileyo lomntwana.
Iziphene ezingabonwa ngumntwana, ekusebenziseni unina kotywala
Ubudala bomntwana bubaluleke kakhulu ngexesha lexesha eliyingozi. Ukusuleleka kwe-embryo kwiiveki ezili-12 zokukhulelwa, xa izitho ezibekayo, zandisa umngcipheko wezinto ezihlukileyo zokuphuhlisa umntwana. Ukusela utywala kwi-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa kunokukhokelela ekukhohliseni okulandelayo kumntwana. Oku kungaphuhliswayo okanye ukungabikho kwamalungu, ukungcola, ukuxuba kweminwe, ukungaphumeleli kwintlalo kumntwana wezitho zomzimba, ukungaqiniseki kwimeko enzima, njl. Ngaphezulu kwe-70% yabantwana abazalwa ngumama abasebenzisa utswala ngexesha lokukhulelwa banesifo sokugula, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nezinye kugula ngengqondo. Ukongezelela, abantwana bangabonwa: i-enuresis, ukubonwa kunye nokuphazamiseka kwendlebe, ukuxhalabisa, ukuxhatshazwa kwengqondo, njl. Inyaniso kukuba ngaphantsi kolawulo lotywala kwinqanaba lokuqala lokukhula komntwana, inkqubo yokuqala yeentlanzi inokuqala kokuqala.
Ukubonakaliswa okulandelayo (klinikhi) yobunxilisayo bent fetal syndrome ziqhelekileyo: ukuphuhliswa okungafaniyo kwezicubu ze-adipose, ukulibaziseka ekuphuculeni ngokomzimba, ukuxhatshazwa kwemisipha. Iimpawu ze-Craniofacial (ukwehla kwentloko yentloko) njenge-microcephaly, ukungasebenzi komsebenzi wesantya, ukunyameka kwendawo ebusweni. Umda obomvu omncinci womlomo, ukuchithwa okufutshane kwiso, i-epicanthus, i-ptosis, iziphene ekuphuhlisweni kwelihlo, i-strabismus. Kwakhona, iintsilelo zeentliziyo, ukungahambi kakuhle, ukutywala i-palate kunye nomlomo ophezulu.
Kwakhona, ukuthetha ngempembelelo yotywala ekuphuhlisweni kokukhulelwa, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba utywala unemiphumo ye-embryotoxic, umntwana ochaphazelekayo uchaphazelekayo ngezinto ezifana ne-acetaldehyde kunye ne-ethanol. Imiphumo yezinto ezinjalo ekukhulelweni ihombisa ukuma kwi-molecule ye-DNA kunye neeprotheni ezisembrongeni yentambo yomgogodla kunye nengqondo.
Ibhinqa elifuna ukubeletha umntwana ozele ngokupheleleyo kwaye unempilo kufuneka liphele ngokupheleleyo utshatyalazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kuba umntwana ophilileyo uyona nto ingcono kakhulu eyenzekayo ebomini yabazali.