Ukutyelela rhoqo kwi-ophthalmologist kwasebuntwaneni kubalulekile, njengoko kunamagonya, iimviwo zonyango. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwamehlo kwabantwana abangaphantsi komnyaka omnye kwenziwa emva kokuzalwa esibhedlele ngenjongo yokufumanisa izifo zeso lesisu (i-glaucoma, i-retinoblastoma (i-retinal tumor), i-cataract, izifo ezivuthayo zeso. Abantwana abazalelwa ngaphambi kwekota bahlolwa ngeempawu ze-optic nerve atrophy kunye ne-retinopathy ye-prematurity.
Uviwo lokubonwa kwintsana kufuneka lwenziwe kwi-1, 3, 6 kunye neenyanga ezili-12. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuziphatha ngokumalunga neentsana ezisengozini, zibandakanya abantwana:
- ngaba abazali babo okanye omnye wabo unobungozi obubonakalayo;
- wazalwa ngaphambi kwekota;
- izalamane zithwele i-glaucoma.
Ngexesha loviwo, ugqirha ugxininisa kwi:
- iinkophe, isikhundla, ukuhamba, umbala wesikhumba, umlo kunye nobubanzi belifa leso, iimbumba ezinobumba, i-conjunctiva state. I-Pathology ibhekisela ekuguquleni nasekuguquleni kweentloko ze-foli, ukwehlisa ijwabu leso eliphezulu, ukusabalalisa kwe-vascular, ukuvutha, ukubuyisela kwakhona kunye nokuqina kweenkophelo, ubukho beesikali, ukubetha;
- umfundi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukujikeleza, kumnyama, ububanzi buhluka ngokuxhomekeka ekukhanyeni - 0,15-0,25 cm. Kwiminyaka eyi-4 ukuya kweye-6, uphawu olubalulekileyo lombono oqhelekileyo kumntwana kukunciphisa abafundi belihlo ngokufaka ngokuthe ngqo umthombo wokukhanya;
- ukuhamba nokuma kwamehlo. I-strabismus, i-nystagmus (ukutshintshwa kweso), ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kubhekisela kwi-pathology.
- iinkqubo ezinxulumene neendlebe kunye nemeko yabo. Kwimfuneko yokumemeza akufanele ibe;
- umbono wombala. Izingane zakuqala ziqala ukuqonda imibala. Kodwa ukuba umntwana udibanisa imibala (eluhlaza, obomvu, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), oko kuyavunyelwa ukufikelela kwiminyaka eyi-3 ubudala;
- Ubunzima obubonakalayo buhlolwe kwiminyaka eyi-3-4 ngoncedo lwetafile yezingane kunye ne-ophthalmologist.
Izifo zamehlo eziqhelekileyo kunye nokuxilongwa kwabo kwimeko yokuvavanya kwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka elilodwa ubudala
I-strabismus yamanga neyinyaniso
Abazali abaphulaphulayo baqaphela ngokwabo, kodwa ingcali inokunika ukuxilongwa okuchanekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukubonakala kwangaphandle kwamehlo omntwana kuhlanjululwa, kodwa oku kuluhlu lwamanga, imbangela ekhoyo kwiimpawu zobuso kwaye ibonwa ngokubanzi ngengxolo ebanzi. Ngexesha elide, ubukhulu bempumlo buya kwanda, kwaye ukugqithiswa kwamathambo angamanga kuyalala. Ukongezelela, i-strabismus yobuxoki ixhaphake kwiintsana ezisemdala kakhulu ngenxa yokungagcini kwenkqubo yabo yesantya.
Kwimeko apho ngexesha lokubhalwa kwe-ophthalmologist yinkqubo yokubambisana, kuyimfuneko ukugqiba nokuphelisa izizathu zolu hlobo lokugula. Ngaphandle koko, iliso elinye liza kuqala ukusebenza njengekhokeli, kwaye umbono wesibini oqala uhlawule ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuvuvukala kwesikhwama esikhankwayo
Le ngxaki ixhaphake ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwe-10-15%. Ukuvuvukala kwesikhwama esikhankqalazayo, okubizwa ngokuba yi-dacryocystitis, kuhamba kunye nemfihlo yamehlo, i-teardrop, i-crusts kwi-eyelashes. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abazali kunye ngamanye amaxesha abantwana basekhaya bayamkela ngephutha le meko ngenxa yeempawu ze-conjunctivitis. Emva koko umntwana akafumani unyango olufanelekileyo ngexesha kwaye kuphela emva kokusetyenziswa okungenangqondo kwemilu ngendlela yehla kweziliso, uya kwi-ingcali.
Amehlo "ahamba"
Amehlo omntwana angenza ukunyakaza okungafaniyo kweendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nama-amplitudes. Unjalo ulonda lwamehlo lubizwa ngokuba yi-nystagmus. Ngaloo ntsholongwane, umfanekiso onobunjani kwi-retina awujoliswanga, umbono uqala ukuhlawuleka ngokukhawuleza (i-amblyopia).
Iingxaki ngokugxila
Ukuze umboniso ube ngu-100%, umfanekiso kufuneka uhlale ucacile ngokuthe ngqo kwi-retina yelihlo. Ngombutho omkhulu wokwakhiwa kweso, umfanekiso uza kugxininiswa ngqo phambi kwe-retina. Kule meko, bathi nge-myopia, okanye, okuthiwa, i-myopia. Ngombane omncinci wokubuyisela amehlo, ngokuchaseneyo, umfanekiso uya kugxila emva kwe-retina, ekhethwe njenge-hyperopia, okanye i-hypermetropia. I-ophthalmologist igqiba amandla okuphika kweso kumntwana kunoma yiphi ubudala ngoncedo lwabalawuli abakhethekileyo.
Iintsana ezingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-1 zinokumisela ukulungiswa ngokusekwa ngokuchanekileyo kokuqhagamshelana phakathi kokubonakaliswa komfanekiso kwi-retina kunye nokwamkela isignali ngengqondo yale nto ukwenzela ukuba umbono womntwana awuwa.