Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-asthma kubantwana sele ihlangane ngokubanzi, ibe yingxaki enkulu kwilizwe lonke. Sonke siyazi ulwazi olubanzi malunga nesi sifo, kodwa kusekho imibuzo eninzi engaphendulwayo. Izinto ezisisiseko ziyacaca: i-asthma isifo esiyifa esikuphefumulayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo iyancipha xa ibonakala ngothuli, impova, umsi wocuba, iinwele zezilwanyana okanye uxinzelelo. I-asthma ayinakuphulukiswa. Le meko ingancishiswa ngoncedo lwee-inhalers ezizodwa. Kulo lonke, umntwana ophethwe yi-asthma uhlala ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Oku kugqiba ulwazi lwethu nge-asthma. Kodwa esi sifo sininzi "imingxuma". Kwaye kubalulekile ukwazi impawu. Emva koko, kwinqanaba lokuqala, nayiphi na isifo siyaphathwa lula. Kwaye kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango ngexesha lethu. Eli nqaku lichaza yonke into ofuna ukuyenza malunga nesifuba kubantwana.
Yintoni i-asthma?
I-asthma yimeko echaphazela i-airways (bronchi) kwimiphunga. Ngexesha elide i-airways elula, oku kukhokelela kwimpawu eziqhelekileyo. Iqondo lokunciphisa, kunye nexesha elide liphela lixesha, lingahluka kakhulu. Kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka, isigaba sesifo, imeko. I-asthma inokuqala nanini nayiphi na iminyaka, kodwa ininzi iqalisa ukuqala ebuntwaneni. Ubuncinane kwaba-1 kwabantwana aba-10 bahlushwa yi-asthma, kwaye phakathi kwabantu abadala aba-1 kuphela ku-20 bayagula. Isifo sesifuba sisifo esiyintsifa, kodwa abantu abaninzi abahluphekayo abanalo izihlobo ezinokuxilongwa okufanayo.
Iimpawu ze-asthma kubantwana.
Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo zikhwehlela kwaye zihamba. Unokwazi ukubona indlela umntwana egxeka ngayo, unesivakalelo esifubeni sakhe. Iimpawu ziyakwazi ukuhluka ukusuka kumnene ukuya kunzima kumnye kunye nomntwana ofanayo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Isiqendu ngasinye sinokuhlala kuphela iyure okanye ezimbini, okanye ziqhubeke iintsuku eziliqela okanye iiveki, ukuba zingaphathwa.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ngesimo esifanelekileyo se-asthma.
Unako ukuhlala uqaphela iimpawu ezincinci ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokomzekelo, i-wheeze epholile kunye nokukhwehlela, ukuba: indlu iyabanda, umntwana unobanda, ngexesha lexesha le-hay fever, xa umntwana egijima. Abantwana abane-asthma abancinci banokukhwehlela ubusuku bonke, kodwa ngokukhawuleza ukukhwehlela kubonakala yonke imihla.
Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo ngefomathi yesimo esifanayo.
Ngaphandle kokonyango: ngokuqhelekileyo (ngokuphindaphindiweyo) ukuphefumula nokuphefumula ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngamanye amaxesha umntwana uyaxhamla. Kukho ixesha elide ngaphandle kweempawu. Nangona kunjalo, umntwana, ngokomthetho, "wheeze" ixesha elithile kwiintsuku ezininzi. Ingxaki ibhetele kakhulu ebusuku, okanye kusasa. Umntwana unokuvusa ubusuku obuninzi emgceni. Abantwana abancinci ukuya kunyaka abanako ukubonakalisa iimpawu. Kungaba nzima - ukwahlula umehluko phakathi kwe-asthma kunye nezifo zentsholongwane eziphindaphindiweyo kwisifuba.
Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo ekuhlaselweni kwe-asthma enkulu.
Izwi liba kakhulu, kukho "ukuqina" esifuba nokuphefumula. Umntwana unokuba nzima ukuthetha ngaye. Uqala ukuxhalabisa. Izimpawu ezinzulu zingakhula ngokukhawuleza, ukuba ngaphambili umntwana wayenobuchule obuthathaka okanye obuthathaka.
Yintoni eyenza i-asthma?
I-asthma ibangela ukuvuvukala kwendlela yokuphefumula. Kodwa kutheni le nto ukuvuvukala kwenzeka kungekhona. Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqisa iiswini ezinjenge-airways, kwaye kubangele ukuba bavumelane Oku kukhokelela ekuncincikeni kweendlela zokuhamba. Ngoko kunzima ukuba umoya ungene ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemiphunga. Oku kukhokelela ekuphefumlweni nasekuphefuleni. Kwi-bronchi, i-mucus iqokelela, ebangela ukukhwehlela nokuqhubeka nokukhusela ukuhamba komoya.
Yintoni enokwenza umntwana abe mbi ngakumbi nge-asthma.
Iimpawu ze-asthma zivame ukuvela ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba iimpawu zibangelwa okanye zihlaselwe kwiimeko ezithile. Izinto ezinokubangela iimpawu ze-asthmatic ziquka ezi zilandelayo.
- Izifo. Ngokukodwa ukubandayo, ukukhwehlela kunye nezifo zesifuba.
- I-pollen yeentyatyambo kunye nesibumba. Ixesha le-hay fever lixesha eliqhelekileyo lokonyango lwe-asthma.
- Umthwalo womzimba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqeqeshwa kwezemidlalo kunye nokuzikhangela umzimba akuchaswanga kumntwana onesifo se-asthma! Ukuba kuyimfuneko, unokumnika inhaler ngaphambi kokuba uqeqeshe ukuthintela.
- Ezinye iziyobisi. Ngokomzekelo, abantwana aba-1 kwabangu-50 abanesifo se-asthma bayaxhamla kwi-aspirin. Amanye amayeza angabangela iimpawu zesifo se-asthmatic zibandakanya: ukuchasana, ukuguqulwa, kunye ne-beta-blockers (propranolol, i-atenolol, okanye i-timolol). Kwakhona, i-beta-blockers zinyango zamehlo ezisetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-glaucoma.
- Umsi wecuba. Bonke abantwana bafanelwe ukuhlala kwikhaya elingenamsi. Ingakumbi abantwana abane-asthma ye-bronchial.
- Iimbini zepende, i-solvents kunye ne-contaminants. Ukwanda kwengcoliseko yomoya kungabangela imbandezelo, kwaye iya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo.
- Ukuxinezeleka ngokomzwelo. Isifo se-asthma asikho ngenxa yokuba "neentlungu," kodwa izinto ezinjengexinzelelo okanye ukuphazamiseka kweentlungu zingabangela ukubaleka.
- Ukunyamezela izilwanyana. Izilwanyana azibanga iimpawu kwiimeko ezininzi, kodwa abanye abantu bayaqaphela ukuba iimpawu zabo ziba zibi xa zifuphi ezilwanyana ezithile.
- Iikiti ezitshalweni zendlu. Esi sisidalwa esincinci esiphila emagqabini nasothuli malunga nendlu. Ukuba umntwana wakho uyakunqanda, le nto imele ibe nzima. Akunakwenzeka ukususa uthuli ngokupheleleyo. Ukunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo inani labo, kodwa kuthatha ixesha elininzi kunye nemigudu, kwaye kubandakanya: ukucocwa kwamanzi rhoqo, izikhuselo ezizodwa zamatitha, ukukhutshwa kwamaphephethi, imidlalo yokuthambisa.
- Ezinye iimveliso zokutya. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu kunqabile.
Unyango lwe-asthma. Inhalers.
Uninzi lwabantu abane-inhalers basebenzisa i-asthma. Ngoncedo lwabo, umthamo omncinci weziyobisi uhanjiswa ngqo kwindlela yokuphefumula. Umthamo ukwanele ukuphatha iphepheni yokuphefumula. Nangona kunjalo, isixa sonyango esiwela emzimbeni wonke asinanto. Ngenxa yoko iziphumo ezingasenokwenzeka. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-inhalers ezenziwe ngamaqela ahlukeneyo.
I-inhaler ngumlindi. Uthatha kunye naye njengoko kuyimfuneko ukukhupha iimpawu. Isilwanyana esi se-inhaler sibuyisela kwakhona izihlunu zendlela yokuphefumula. Oku kwenza ukuba bahluke, kwaye iimpawu zidla ngokukhawuleza. Ezi zi yobisi zibizwa ngokuthi "i-bronchodilators", njengoko zandisa i-bronchi (iphepheni yokuphefumula). Kukho izidakamizwa ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, i-salbutamol kunye ne-terbutaline. Ziza kwiimpawu ezahlukileyo, ezenziwe ngamashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukuba iimpawu zomntwana zakho zivela "ngezikhathi ezithile", ukusebenzisa i-inhaler enjalo yinto oyifunayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna inhaler kathathu ngeveki okanye ngaphezulu ukunciphisa impawu, umthinteli-inhaler uvame ukucetyiswa.
I-inhaler-thintela. Uthatha naye imihla ngemihla ukukhusela iimpawu. Isiza esetyenziswa kuyo yile steroid. I-Steroids ijoliswe ekunciphiseni ukutshaya kwindlela yokuhamba. Oku kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-7 ukuya kwele-14, de kube umphumo weliza liza kusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Ngaloo ndlela, le inhaler ayiyi kunika naluphi na ukukhupha ngokukhawuleza kweempawu. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweveki yonyango, iimpawu zihlala ziphela okanye inani labo linciphile kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokufikelela kwisiphumo esiphezulu, singathatha kwiiveki ezine ukuya ezintandathu. Emva koko, akufanele usebenzise i-inhaler-reliever rhoqo. Kwaye kungcono ukuba ungasebenzisi.
I-inhaler esebenza ixesha elide. Inokunikezwa ngugqirha ngaphezu kwe-steroid inhaler. Kubalulekile kumntwana ukuba iimpawu azilawulwa ngokupheleleyo yi-inhaler ye-steroid. Ukulungiswa kwezi zi-inhalers basebenza kwiiyure ezili-12 emva kokuba bathathe umthamo ngamnye. Ziquka i-salmeterol kunye ne-formoterol. Ezinye iimpawu ze-inhalers ziqulethe, ngaphezu koko, i-steroids ende ende.
Unyango olongezelelweyo lwe-asthma.
Ithebhulethi yokuvula i-airways.
Uninzi lwabantu aludingi iipilisi, kuba i-inhalers idla ukusebenza kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, iipilisi (okanye kwifom yefayibhile yabantwana) imiselwe ukongeza kwii-inhalers ukuba iimpawu azipheli ngokupheleleyo. Abanye abantwana abaselula banqunywe imishanguzo yamanzi endaweni ye-inhaler.
Iipilisi zeSteroid.
Ikhosi emfutshane ye-steroids kwiiphilisi (umzekelo, i-prednisone) ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma enzima okanye ede. Iipilisi ze-Steroid zilungile ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwi-airways. Umzekelo, ukuba umntwana uye wafumana izifo ezibandayo okanye ezifubeni.
Abanye abantu bakhathazeke ngokuthatha amacwecwe e-steroid. Nangona kunjalo, ikhosi emfutshane ye-steroids kwiipilisi (ngeveki okanye njalo) isebenza kakuhle kakhulu, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba ibangele imiphumo emibi. Uninzi lweziphumo ezibi ezibangelwa ziipilisi ze-steroid zibonakala xa ubanika umntwana wakho ixesha elide (ngaphezu kweenyanga ezimbalwa).
Akukho ndlela yendalo yonke yokuphatha i-asthma kuwo wonke umntu. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nesiqingatha sabantwana abahlakulela isifo se-asthma, inxalenye yale ngxaki ngaphambi kokuba babe ngabantu abadala. Nangona kungaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba kwenzeka ntoni le, yinyaniso. Kodwa nangona i-asthma ingazange yanyamalala ngeminyaka, iindlela zonyango zanamhlanje zenza ukuba kube lula ukuhlala nale niliso ngobomi obuqhelekileyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntwana wakho une-asthma, ungesabi. Hlanganisa ulwazi oluninzi malunga noko ufuna ukukwazi malunga nesifuba kubantwana. Oku kuya kukunceda ukujongana nale ngxaki ngokulula.