Ziziphi izakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi?
Izakhono ezintle zezithuthi ziyi-set of actions coordinated of the muscular, bone and system systems of man, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokudibanisa neenkqubo ezibonakalayo ekwenzeni amancinci, ukunyakaza okuthe ngqo ngezandla kunye neminwe neenzwane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngeli gama "izakhono zentsimbi efanelekileyo", igama elithi "dexterity" lisetyenziswe.
Indima yamathoyilo ekuphuhliseni izakhono ezincinci zezithuthi kubantwana kukukhawuleza, kunye nokuphucula lo buchule ekuphuhlisweni komntwana.
Iingcali zenzululwazi zafika kwisigqibo sokuba malunga nengxenye yesithathu yomhlaba wonke we-motor projection of brain is occupied by the projection of the hand, esekelwe kwindawo yokuthetha. Ukususela kule ndlela kulandela isigqibo esilandelayo: ukuphuhliswa kwentetho yomntwana kunye nophuhliso lwezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi zibandakanya iinkqubo ezimbini. Ndiza kuqaphela ukuba kummandla wezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi ziintlobo ezininzi zeentlobo zonke zokuhamba. Le yimizimba yokuqala, njengento yokuthathwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, ezi zihamba ezincinane kakhulu, kumgangatho obhalwe ngawo ngesandla. Ukuzibona ngenye yezona mzekelo zibalaseleyo zezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi.
Uphuhliso lwezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi luqhubeka njani?
Inkqubo yokuphuhliswa kwezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi zendalo, indlela yendalo ngokweziseko zophuhliso lwezakhono zomntu jikelele. Uphuhliso lwezakhono zendlela luhamba ngendlela elukhuni, ngokuqala ngokubamba into into enesandla ngokupheleleyo, ngoko kuphuculwe kwinkqubo yokutshintsha into esuka esandleni, kwaye nangeminyaka emibini umntwana akakwazi ukubamba ngokuthe ngqo ukupakisha i-spoon ne-brush, kodwa nayo ibonisa. Inkqubo yokuphucula izakhono zamandla isebenza ngokusesikweni kwiminyaka yokufundela nokuqala esikolweni. Umntwana kaninzi wenza izinto ezinzima kakhulu ezifuna izenzo ezidibeneyo kwezandla zombini.
Yintoni eyinxaxheba kwinkqubo yokukhawuleza ukuphuhliswa kwezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi?
Iingcali zengqondo kunye nootitshala batusa ukuba baqale ukuphuhlisa izakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi zomntwana ukususela kwiinyanga ezisibhozo ngokuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo kweminwe yomntwana. Yintoni ebangela ukuba kuphuhliswe ubuncinane bezakhono zomntwana?
Kukho iindlela eziliqela ezifanelekileyo zokuphuhlisa izakhono zezithuthi ezifanelekileyo:
- imidlalo kunye nezinto ezincinci (i-mosaic, iipuzzle, ubuhle, abaqulunqi, njl.);
- imidlalo yeminwe;
- u mzekelo;
- ukuxilwa kweminwe kunye nezandla.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iintlobo zamathoyizi ezemfundo ziya kuba ngumncedi oncedisayo ekuphuhliseni izakhono zezithuthi ezilungileyo, abaninzi abazali abakwazi ukuzivelisa.
Uhlalutyo lwezakhono zokuphuhlisa izakhono zamancinci kubantwana
Masihlalutye amathoyizi ahlukahlukeneyo anikezwa ngeemakethe zanamhlanje zamathoyizi ebantwaneni, injongo yalo kukuphuhliswa kwezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi kubantwana beminyaka yobudala beselula.
Slingshoes
Ukuqhubela ibhasi, okanye i-mums, iintlobo zokutya - akusiyo kuphela into yokuthabatha inqaku lomama onesihlengikazi, kodwa kuzo zonke iinkalo ibhola lezemfundo ebalulekileyo ebantwaneni, ukususela ekuzalweni. Bonke oomongikazi bayazi ukuba abantwana bayayithanda into ethi "bajike" kwizandla zabo ezincinci. Ngoko kutheni i-karapuza encinci "ayinakuyenza" into enokufashisa yemama yanamhlanje - kunye neminwe iluncedo, kwaye umama ulula. AmaMama abondliwa okanye atyiswayo aya kuqonda oko ndithethayo.
Amathoyi
Ukugqithisa okulula kunabantwana abaneminyaka eli-1 ukuya kwesinye nesiqingatha. Kwifomu yomdlalo, uphuhliso lwezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi luyenziwa, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza komntwana ngokubhala. I-Lacing ikuvumela ukuba ube nemidlalo emininzi. Oku kukhangela ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokukwazi ukusebenzisa izinto "zokuqhawula" kwimidlalo yokudlala ibali okanye ukufunda imibala engundoqo. Imidlalo yamacango yenzelwe ukuphuhlisa izakhono zeemoto ezifanelekileyo, ukubambezeleka kunye neliso. Ngethuba lo mdlalo, ukulungelelaniswa kwezithuthi kunye nokuguquguquka kwezandla kuphuculwe. "Ii-Laces" zenza igalelo ekuphuhliseni izakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi, ukucinga okunengqiqo, intetho, kunye nesiphumo - kushukumisa ukuphuhliswa kwamalungu enxibelelwano (izixhobo zokuthetha).
Iipiramidi ezahlukeneyo zokhuni
Ndahlala ndiphazamise umyeni wam ngokuthenga enye ipiramidi kwintombi yam intombazana. Izandi zenkcazo zilula: "Le mibhobhodi ayilula, ezi zinto ziphuhliso lwezakhono, zombini ukuphuhliswa kwezakhono ezintle zezakhono kunye nokucinga kwengqiqo yomntwana." Ziziphi iipiramidi zanamhlanje?
IPiramidi yenye yezinto ezisisiseko zokuphuhlisa amathoyizi omntwana wokuphela kokuqala, wesibini neyesithathu kwimpilo. Le nto yokudlala inceda ukuphuhlisa izakhono zezithuthi ezifanelekileyo, ukucinga ngokucwangcisekileyo, ukujonga imilo emitsha, imilo eyahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu kunye nemibala. IPhiramidi nayo idizayini yendalo yonqabileyo. Iipiramidi, ezenziwe ngamatye, zithwala ngokwayo amandla athile okudlala ityiti. Izinto zeepiramidi zikulungele ukubamba, kuba zihlala zifudumala kumnxeba, kwaye ubuso obanzi buvelisa ububele obunomntwana.
Kukho iipiramidi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinamaqondo ahlukeneyo. Kuba mncinci, kufuneka uthenge ipiramidi kunye nenani elincinci lamacenge. Emva kweminyaka emine nesiqingatha, umntwana uya kuqala ukuqonda ingcamango yobukhulu, ngoko uqokelela ipiramidi ngokulandelelana ngokufanelekileyo kweendandatho. Kwabantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka emithathu, iindidi eziyinkimbinkimbi zeepiramidi zenziwa, ngoko kuthiwa iipiramidi ipuzzle. Ziyi-podstavki kunye neendonga eziliqela zobunjwa beejometri ezahlukeneyo, apho kufuneka ulandelele ngokufanelekileyo imixholo efanelekileyo.
Cubes
Le nto yokudlala ibonakala ebomini bomntwana ukususela ebuntwaneni. Ngokuncedwa ngamatye eeplanga okanye eplastiki kunokwenzeka ukwakha iinqaba, ukwakha iinqaba nezindlu. Ukongezelela, ii cubes zamatye kunye nemifanekiso kubo (umzekelo, imifuno, izilwane ezifuywayo, amaqhawe eendlovu) zithengiswa, ngenxa yokuba umdlalo we cubes uhamba ukuqokelela imifanekiso. Oku akusiyo kuphela ukuphuhliswa kwezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi kunye nokucinga kwendawo, kodwa nokuphuhliswa kwengqalelo kunye nengqiqo.
Abakhi
Ukuyila ngokukhululekileyo kuyindlela elula yokuphuhlisa ukucinga kwengqondo yomntwana, izakhono zezithuthi, iimfuno zokudala kunye nezenzo ezingabonakaliyo. Ngako oko, umakhi wokuqala, oza kudibana nomntwana wakho, kufuneka ube ngumthi. Iinkcukacha zokhuni zomyili zithandeka kakhulu ukubamba kwaye zihamba ngeyona nto encinci, kwaye ingaphelelanga kuphela. Ukuxiliswa kwezandla okunjalo kunempembelelo enokuphuhliswa kwebala kunye nezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi, kwaye kuncedo kwimpilo. Kwaye kungakhathaliseki ukuba kusenziwa njani ngokukhawuleza ishishini lamanje labaqulunqi bezinto ezikhoyo kwizinto zanamhlanje, umyili owenziwe ngemithi uya kuhlala ehlala kwindawo efanelekileyo phakathi kwabo. Iimpawu nje ezinjalo ziyanconywa ngabantwana beengqondo zeengqondo kunye nootitshala njengomqambi wokuqala wabantwana.
Amafayile kunye nokufaka
Iipuzzle zokhuni, okanye i-frame-liners, ifake isandla ekuphuhlisweni kwezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi, ukuzimela, ukujonga, umbala, ukuqonda umbala, ukuqonda okupheleleyo kweso sifundo, ingqiqo kunye nengqiqo enxulumene nomntwana. Ngesihlandlo sokuqala isakhelo esinjalo sisetyenziswe nguMaria Montessori. Umdlalo usekelwe ekuqhathaniseni imingxuma kwisakhelo kunye ne-liner. Isiphumo esipheleleyo sinokulula njengemifanekiso edibeneyo, kunye neziqulatho ezingqongqo. Kukho zombini isakhelo esilula-ukufakwa kweyona nto encinci, kwaye iyinkimbinkimbi kubantwana abadala.
Amanani kumagnet
Umphezulu wefriji "yintsimi yezenzo" ezimangalisayo kumphandi omncinci. Xa uthenge umboniso wamagnetic kumntwana wakho, awuyi kuthatha kuphela isifundo esibalulekileyo, uza kuba nexesha lokupheka, kodwa uya kuhamba kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezakhono ezincinci zezithuthi, ukulungelelaniswa kwezinto kunye nokucinga kwendawo. Kwaye impazamo yentsana iya kunceda ukubonakalisa amanani ahlukeneyo ngendlela yeeleta ezinemibala, iinombolo kunye namanani ejometri.
Iplastiki okanye inhlama yokwenza imodeli
Ngomncedi weplastiki, umntwana akazibonakalisi nje kuphela, kodwa uhlakulela ukuguquguquka nokuhamba kweminwe yakhe, leyo eyenza ukuba ikhulise intetho. Ngokwemvelo, abantwana abancinci abakucetyiswa ukuba banike udongwe rhoqo. Ngako oko, kumncinci, ukususela kwisinye nesiqingatha ukuya kwiminyaka emibini, uthengisa udongwe olulodwa kwimitshini, okubizwa ngokuba "inhlama yokumisela". Ukuqinisekiswa kakuhle kwe-plasticine Play-Doh eqinile uHasbro. Ngokucacileyo utyhila, akayi kuphazamisa izandla zentsana, akanamathele ezandleni zakhe aze adlulise injabulo enkulu kubafana abancinci kuphela, kodwa nakwabantu abadala. Kwaye ukuba ngokukhawuleza umntwana wakho unquma ukuzama "udongwe olumnandi" ngentsingiselo, ngoko-ke ukunambitha kwakhe okunomsoco akunakwenzeka ukuba umfanele. Ngoko yonke into ichazwe!
Abahlaziyi beCubes
I-Cube-brand - umdlalo omangalisayo wokuphuhliswa kwangaphambili kweemvumba zakho. Umntwana wakho ufunda ukuthabatha amanani ngokuma kwaye uwafake kwiimingxube ezihambelanayo. Ngombulelo kwimisebenzi enjalo, inkunzi iyavelisa izakhono ezifanelekileyo zeemoto, kwaye iyaziqonda iimpawu ezahlukahlukeneyo zejometri nemibala eyahlukileyo. Ewe, akuyona into enomdla!
Iibhodi zeSiengen
Iibhodi zeSeguin ziyizithombe ezidibeneyo, ezi ziiplanga zokhuni ezinamaqhina, apho izinto ezahlukeneyo zokuphila okanye ezingekho izinto zibonakaliswa. Intsana mayiyivale ibhodi kunye nezinto ezikhethiweyo, ukhethe inxalenye efunekayo yokudweba kunye nobukhulu. Lo mdlalo ugalela ekuphuhlisweni kwentetho, ingcamango, ukulungelelaniswa kwezinto ezihambayo, izakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi, kunye nokuqonda kwendawo yengane.
Iipuzzle
Ukuqokelela imifanekiso enemibala, intsana ayikwazi ukuphucula izakhono zezithuthi ezilungileyo kuphela, kodwa nokunyamekela, ubuchule, ukucinga, ukulungelelanisa umsebenzi wezandla nezandla.
KaMoses
Iimidlalo ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo zinegalelo ekuphuhliseni izakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi, ubuchule kunye nobuchule bokudala bomntwana. Itheyibhile enjalo yokufundisa ingathengwa ngumntwana, ngokukhawuleza xa ephendulela omnye unyaka ubudala. Into ephambili - qwa lasela i-chips kunye nobudala bomntwana, apho i-mosaic yenzelwe. Kuwona omncinci, amabala omzimba adalwe kunye nama-chips ezinkulu kunye neeplati ezinkulu.
Imidlalo yeminwe, idonsa yamunwe kunye needopi zeglavu
Imidlalo yeminwe yoluntu ububulumko bulethwa kuthi kwiindawo ezinzulu. Sonke siqhelana nemidlalo ye "Magpie", "Ladushki", "i-Goat-horned" nangaphezulu. Amageyimu kunye nokuzivocavoca kweminwe kunceda ekuphuculeni jikelele umntwana.
Iidonki zamanxeba zinokuthi zenziwe ngamatye kunye namathambile. Ndiyabulela kule nkundla efunekayo yeshayetha, awukwazi nje ukuhlela umboniso weepopu ekhaya ngokuthatha inxaxheba kolutsha lwakho, kodwa uqeqeshe kakuhle iminwe yakho encinane.
Khumbula ukuba unobulumko ngezandla zakho, unobulumko wakho umntwana. Ukuzuza ngenjongo yokufumana amathoyizi ekuphuhliseni izakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi kubantwana, wenza inxaxheba ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwengane yakho. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba nayiphi na into yokudlala iyakuzisa inzuzo encinane xa umntwana edlala naye "ngokuziqhayisa." Ngombulelo kubambisene "isizathu esiqhelekileyo" sabazali kunye nomntwana uya kuba nesiphumo esihle esihle.