Ukubonakala komntwana kwintsapho kunye nabantwana akuyiyo kuphela injabulo enkulu, kodwa noxanduva olukhulu. Abazali bafanele bajonge ngenyameko umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa, batyelele oogqirha bezingane ngexesha elimiselweyo, balandele ngokupheleleyo iziphakamiso, kwaye ukuba kukho naziphi na izinto eziphambukayo ekuphuhliseni, qhagamshelana nodokotela ngaphandle kokulibala. Iintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa zihlala ziphantsi kwazo zonke iintlobo zezifo, enye yazo ingcinezelo. Kwintliziyo yesi sifo sisifo esiyingozi kakhulu, esidinga uviwo oluphuthumayo kunye nokunyanga okukhawuleza. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukunyuswa kwengcinezelo engaphezulu kwenzelwa i-hydrocephalus-edema yengqondo. Unokuba nombuzo - yintoni i-hydrocephalus yengqondo kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa, kwaye isifo sichaza njani?
Ingqondo yintsana iqulethwe ngamanyathelo amaninzi athetha. Ezi zivalo zizaliswe nge-cerebrospinal fluid (cerebrospinal fluid). Xa le nto iveliswa kakhulu, izalisa umgca ngokugqithiseleyo, oku kubangela ukuphuhliswa kwehla, apho umgangatho wengqondo kunye nemeko jikelele yomntwana ehla. Ngakumbi lo mkhuhlane, ngokufanayo, umntwana uvakalelwa ngakumbi.
Iimbangela ze-hydrocephalus kwingqondo yeintsana
I-Hydrocephalus yengqondo ingahlakulela ebusweni nangasesibelethweni kunye neziphene zengqondo kunye nomthambo womgudu, okanye emva kokudluliselwa kwezifo ezithintekayo, umzekelo, njenge-cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, herpes. Izindlela zanamhlanje zokuxilongwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha zisemgangathweni ophezulu, kwaye ukuba i-pathology isakhiwe, ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound yowesifazane okhulelweyo kuya kufumana kwiveki ye-16 ukuya kwe-20 yokuphuhliswa komntwana.
I-Hydrocephalus kwiintsana ngezinye ivela kubonakale ngenxa yexinzelelo lokuzalwa, kwiimeko ezininzi kwiintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha.
Iimpawu zesifo
Izimpawu ezicacileyo ezicacileyo ze-hydrocephalus kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala:
- Ukukhula okukhawulezileyo kwinqanaba lekhanda - i-sutures ye-cranial yeintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa ayizange ikhule ngamandla, ayizange ikhule kunye, kwaye ngenxa yokuqokelela kwamanzi amathambo amaninzi, kwaye kanye kanye umahluko phakathi kobunzima bentloko yomntwana kunye nomzimba kubonakala;
- utshintsho kubukhulu befonti enkulu - ubungakanani bayo bunyuke kakhulu, kwaye buqala ukugqithisa, akuvumelekanga ukuvala ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Ukongezelela kwezi zibonakaliso ezivakalisiweyo, umntu kufuneka ahlawule ingqalelo kwintuthuko ye-psychomotor. Intsana ehlanjululwa yi-dropsy ayiyi kugcina intloko yayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Uhlala elala lonke ixesha, akwazi ukuhlala phantsi kwakhe, kwaye akazami ukuvuka ukuze ahlale okanye ahlale. Usana luvila, aluvuyo. Umntwana ophilileyo kwiminyaka ethile uqala ukubonisa umdla kuyo yonke into ejikeleze kuye - imidlalo, izinto, uyaphendula ngelizwi, ukumomotheka, njl njl. Umntwana obhekene ne-hydrocephalus yengqondo uhlala efumana intloko enzima, uyangena, akanandaba nantoni na kwizinto ezikujikelezayo. Usana lukhala, kwaye ukukhala kuqala, kubonakala, kungekho sizathu esicacileyo, ngamanye amaxesha ubambe iipenji zentloko.
Kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka emibili, i-hydrocephalus ibonakalisa ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunabantwana abaselula. Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokunyuka kwengcinezelo ebantwini abaneminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka emibini izikhalazo zentloko eqhubekayo, ngamanye amaxesha ihamba kunye nesicathulo okanye ukuhlanza okukhulu, okuyiyona nto ikhubaza ngobusuku nakusasa. Uphawu lwesibini luyi-edema ye-nertic optic, ebonakalayo ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwengqondo kwi-fundus. Le ngxaki iyakwazi ukuxilonga kalula i-oculist, ngoko uzama ukungaphuthelwa iimviwo zonyango lwakho olusisweni.
I-Hydrocephalus akusona isifo kuphela esibangela iimpawu ezinjalo. Oku kungaba yintlupheko yokuphuhliswa kwengqondo yentloko, kunye nesiphumo seentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesisu. Ngoko ke, abazali kufuneka bazi ukuba xa bekhononda malunga nantoni na ikhanda, ngokukodwa ehamba kunye nesicathulo kunye nokuhlanza, umntwana kufuneka athathwe ngokukhawuleza kwi-neurologist okanye i-neurosurgeon yoviwo.
Ukongeza kwezi zimbini ezibalulekileyo ezibalulekileyo iimpawu ze-hydrocephalus, kukho imiqondiso emininzi yesi sifo. Ezi zibandakanya: ithoni yokulwela umlenze kunye nokuthintela ukuhlutha.
Kwakhona apha kuphulwa kwinkqubo ye-endocrine: ukukhawuleza okanye ukusa komntwana.
I-Hydrocephalus kubantwana abadala bayakwazi ukuphuhlisa ngezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ezi zixinzelelo emva kwezifo ezinzulu ezifana ne-encephalitis, i-meningitis, ukungonakali kwengqondo yengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kwemfuzo, ukulimala kwengqondo ebuhlungu. Ngamanye amaxesha iingcali azikwazi ukucacisa imbangela yokubunjwa kwe-hydrocephalus.
Unyango lwesifo
I-Hydrocephalus akuyona isifo esilula, kunoko kunzima. Kodwa kwiinkqubo zonyango zanamhlanje, unyango lokuhlaselwa kwengqondo yentloko lubekwe kwindawo ephakamileyo.
Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumaneka kwaye uqinisekisile, kufuneka udibanise nangoko u-neurosurgeon ngcebiso. Unyango lwe-hydrocephalus uphando malunga nama-100 ekhulwini. Ngako oko, yi-neurosurgeon eya kubeka ingcaciso kunye nokuchasene nokusebenza. Kucacile ukuba bonke abantu banenkxalabo malunga nongenelelo olusondeleyo, oluvuyo lwabazali ngomntwana wabo kweli lixa liphindwe likhulu. Kodwa musa ukulibazisa ngesigqibo, kuba ukuba awuyenzi utyando ngexesha, oko kukuthi, emva kokufumanisa isifo, i-hydrocephalus inokuthatha inkathalo engapheliyo, kwaye kulo nyaka unyango luya kunzima. Ukongezelela, imeko yokunyuswa kwengcinezelo engapheliyo iqhubela kwimiphumo emibi ekuphuhlisweni komntwana, ukulibaziseka kwemisebenzi yengqondo kwiintsana, oko kuya kuba nzima ukuyenza.
Ingundoqo yale ntsebenzo kukukhulula i-ventricles yengqondo ukusuka kwi-cerebrospinal fluid. Kwimichiza yanamhlanje, ukufezekisa le njongo, kuyaqhelekileyo ukusebenzisa i-ventriculo-peritoneal bypass njengendlela efanelekileyo kakhulu. Kuqulethe ukuba ugqirha ovela kwi-catheters e-silicone uphakamisa inkqubo yendalo yokuqala apho iindawo ezigqithiseleyo zotywala ezisuka kwiindawo ezihamba ngokukhululeka ziza kuhamba kwisisu esiswini ukuze kuqhutywe phambili kunye nokudityaniswa kwimizimba.
Imisebenzi enjalo igcina amakhulu kunye namakhulu empilo yabantwana. Kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu, emva kwalolu hlobo umntwana ulahla intloko, ukusuka kwezinye iimpawu ze-hydrocephalus, evumela ukuba akhule ngokuzeleyo aze akhokele ubomi obuqhelekileyo, oko kukuthi, ukuya esikolweni, esikolweni.