Isitulo somntwana osiswini sesisu sisoloko sininzi kwaye sinamanzi, ngoko kunzima kubazali ukuqonda ukuba unempilo okanye unesifo sohudo kunye nesifo sohudo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ezinye iimpawu zesifo sohudo ukuze kuchongwe ngexesha, qhagamshelana nodokotela kwaye uphephe imiphumo eyingozi. Indlela kunye nendlela yokuphatha isifo sohudo kumntwana, funda kwinqaku elithi "Ukwelashwa kwesifo sohudo, urhudo kumntwana."
I-diarrhea
Olu dhurha luhlobo oluqhelekileyo, lugcina ngaphantsi kweeveki ezi-2, imvelaphi yalo ingaba ibhaktheriya okanye i-virus. Ukongezelela, kwenzeka xa uthatha amayeza athile, ngokukodwa amagciwane, awonakalisa imithi yamathumbu emathunjini. Kwimeko yokugqibela, emva kokupheliswa okanye ukuphazanyiswa kwonyango, iindalo zibuyiselwa kwaye urhudo luphela.
Uhudo olungapheliyo kunye nesifo sohudo
Ihlala ngaphezu kweveki ezimbini. Iimbangela eziphambili zorhudo olungapheliyo kubantwana - ukunyanzelwana okanye ukungadli kakuhle kwezinto ezithile (i-lactose, gluten) okanye ama-parasites emathunjini (giardiasis).
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesifo sohudo kunye nesifo sohudo:
- Iintlanzi zesisu
- Iintlungu zesisu, njenge-colic
- Ukuvakalelwa kwesisu esiswini
- I sizathu
I-Rotavirus yimbangela eqhelekileyo yesifo sohudo esivela kwintsholongwane, esona siqhelekileyo kubantwana. Ngokuqhambuka kwehudo, umntwana uba buthathaka kwaye ahlambuluke, phantse akayidli okanye ayisele. Ukuba uthetha, amehlo akhe awe, kwaye kwisigxina kukhona igazi, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nodokotela ngokukhawuleza, kuba ezi ziimpawu ezinzulu.
- Ukunyamezela ukuqhubeka nokuchasa
- Ukwanda kweqondo lokushisa
Isifo sohudo
Iintsholongwane zizona zizathu ezibalulekileyo zokurhuda kubantwana. Ezi zintsholongwane zingabangela ibhaktheriya, ama-parasites kunye neyona nto idla ngokuba yiintsholongwane. Kuza kube namhlanje, ngaphezulu kwama-70% eencinci ezincinci ezibangele uhudo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo kubantwana abancinci kubakho amalungelo e-rotavirus - imbangela ye-50% yezibhedlele zokubhedlelelwa ngabantwana abanesifo sohudo.
Iinjongo zonyango
- Ukuthintela ukungcola kwamanzi ngokuzalisa izixhobo zokugcina amanzi okanye ukugcina isalathisi samanzi esitampu.
- Ukuthintela umonakalo kumathambo emathumbu okanye ukubuyisela.
- Gwema ukungaphumeleli kokutya kunye nokugcina impilo. Naluphi na urhudo kunceda ukufaka ii-fluids kunye nosawo emzimbeni, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatyathwa ngomlomo, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzulu kakhulu, zilawulwa ngendlela yangaphakathi.
- Izifo zihlala zihlala zidla ngokuba ngumngcipheko wamanzi okanye ukutya okungcolileyo kumzimba. Ii-microorganisms zinqobe iithintelo zokukhusela zendlela yokugaya kwaye zingene emathunjini, apho zingaba nempembelelo emibini:
- Ukugqiba nokutshabalalisa amaseli, kubangele ukuvuvukala. I-diarrhea ebizwa ngokuba yi-invasive.
- Yenza i-toxins ekhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kunye ne-electrolytes (i-sodium, i-potassium, njl. Njl.) Ukusuka kwiiseli zamathumbu ukuya emathunjini emathumbu aze athinte ukuhlaziywa kwakhona. I-diarrhea ibizwa ngokuba yi-secretory.
Unyango
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunika umntwana isisombululo somlomo ngokukhawuleza. Kwakhona kufuneka anikeze amanzi - rhoqo, kodwa encinci ngancinane, malunga ne-1-2 tablespoons, nokuba umntwana uyagula. Ukuba ukuhlanza kungagqithisi okanye kuyingozi, linda imizuzu eyi-15, kwaye kwakhona uphinde unike umntwana umntwana. Ubungakanani bomnxeba kunye nobude bokutya kuxhomekeke kwiziphakamiso zegqirha kwaye ziyahlukahluka ngokuxhomekeka kobunzima besifo sohudo kunye nesantya sokukhulelwa kwamanzi. Ukuba umntwana unenkcenkceshe enkulu okanye unobungozi obunzima kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, kunye nokungahambisani nokuphucula izixazululo, kufuneka kufakwe esibhedlele kwaye uqhubeke ukuzalisa ukulahleka kwamanzi ngokukhawuleza. Emva kokuhlaselwa kwesifo sohudo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uthumele umntwana kwisondlo esifanelekileyo ukwenzela ukubuyisela ukulinganisela kwezondlo. Nciphise ukutya okuyisiseko. Izixazululo zomlomo zokubuyiswa kwamanzi zidlala indima ephambili ekunyangeni kwehudo. Ezi zisombululo ziqulethe ushukela kunye nosawoti ezifunekayo ukubuyisela ukulinganisela okuqhelekileyo kwindlela yokugaya. Isisombululo sithengisiwe sele siphelile kwifomu okanye ngendlela yeengxowa kunye nama-powders, okufuneka achitheke kumanzi abilisiwe okanye aphethwe ngamaminerali abilisiwe. Ezinye izisombululo zikhethiweyo kwaye ngoko zikhangeleka ngakumbi kubantwana.
Ukuba umntwana ubelethwe, umlinganiselo wokutya ubisi lwebele uya kunyuswa. Ukuba umntwana udla uxube lwebisi, kufuneka alahlekwe ngokukhawuleza (malunga neeyure eziyi-12-14). Kulo lonke ixesha umntwana kufuneka anikezelwe isisombululo sokubuyiswa kwamanzi kuphela, kwaye ke kuyimfuneko ukubuyela ekutyeni kunye neendlela zobisi kwakhona. Kodwa uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba luncedo kakhulu ukuqala ukondla umntwana ngokukhawuleza, ngaphandle kokunika amathumbu ithuba lokuba abuyele. Ngokubhekiselele ukuba ngaba kufanelekile ukunika ifomula yobusana ngexesha lohudo, kukho ukuphikisana: kukholelwa ukuba iprotheni yobisi kunye noshukela (i-lactose) ithintela kakhulu umzimba we-intestinal mucosa ngexesha lokuqubuka kwehudo. Esinye isifundo sempikiswano sisetyenziselwa iifom zobisi ngaphandle kwe-lactose okanye ngeeprotheni zendalo. Kukholelwa ukuba kufuneka banikezwe kuphela kwiimeko ezikhethiweyo, ngokunyanzelwana okukhethiweyo okanye ngesifo sohudo olude. Isingeniso kwisondlo sokutya umntwana asitya phambi kokuqala kwesifo sohudo kufuneka senzeke ngokuthe ngcembe, ukususela ngomhla wesibini. Abantwana banganikwa ukutya kunye nomgubo welayisi okanye i-puree yeziqhamo ezintle (amabhanana, ii-apula), abantwana abadala - irayisi i-puree, izaqathe, inyama ebombile okanye intlanzi emhlophe, i-yogurt yemvelo. Ezinye iimveliso zingeniswa ngokuthe ngcembe, kodwa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala zikhusele abo baneempembelelo. Ukungondleki kwesigaba sokuqala sohudo kubangela ukwanda kwexesha.
Amachiza akafaneki ukuba afuneke, iziyobisi ezichasayo kunye neyeza-antibiotics zichazwe kuphela kwiimeko ezikhethiweyo. Ama-antibiotics anqunyelwe kuphela kubantwana abancinci, ukuba kukho umngcipheko wokuvelisa intsholongwane, okanye kubantwana abane-immunity ebuthakathaka, kunye nosulelo oluqhubekayo, emva kokufunyanwa kwamachiza ezincinci ezibangele uhudo. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-antibiotic imiselwe ukuphatha isifo esithile. Kule meko, iimpawu ziyancipha. Okwangoku, akukho ziyobisi zokulwa nesifo sohudo lomvelaphi wentsholongwane. Izidakamizwa ze-antidiarrhoeal zihlala zingasebenzi, zibiza kakhulu kwaye zize zenze umphumo ochaseneyo. Ngoku siyazi indlela yokuphatha isifo sohudo, isifo sohudo kumntwana.