I-osteoporosis yisifo esichazwe ngokunciphisa kwithambo lesithambo kunye noshintsho kwisakhiwo seethambo. Amagqabhagqabha ayaqhekeza ngokwemvelo kwaye isakhiwo se-spongy sesithambo sivame ukuphulwa, oku kubangela ukukhuphuka kwezinto eziqhekekileyo. Ukulimala okuqhelekileyo kwesi sifo kuyaqhekeka kwisiseko se-vertebrae, i-fractures yamathambo omngqongqo, isikhonkwane nentamo yentambo. Izahluko zenzeka nakwiimeko apho abantu abanamathambo aphilileyo abangabi nengozi.
Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-osteoporosis, bobabini abasetyhini kunye namadoda, kodwa kumadoda kwenzeka ngezinye izihlandlo. E-Russia, esi sifo sichaphazela malunga nama-35% wabasetyhini kunye nama-10% amadoda angaphezu kwama-60. Idatha kubemi ngokubanzi ayitholakali, kodwa sele icacile ukuba ngeli xesha i-osteoporosis enye yeengxaki ezinkulu zentlalo. Kodwa esi sifo sinokuthintelwa! Ukongezelela, unokuphathwa kwiinqanaba zokuqala - kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo kumgqirha ngexesha.
Ingundoqo yombuzo
Iklinikhi ye-osteoporosis iqulethwe kukuba ithambo liyimizimba ephilayo ehlaziywa rhoqo. Iqukethe i-collagen protein, eyisiseko esithambileyo kunye neemaminerali (ngokuyinhloko i-calcium phosphate), ukunika ubunzima nokuchasana nokuxinzezeleka kwengqondo. Emzimbeni, ngaphezu kwe-99% ye-calcium equlethwe ngamathambo namazinyo, i-1% ekhoyo iqulethwe kwigazi kunye nezicubu ezinotsho. Amathambo ayenzanga kuphela ukwenza umsebenzi oxhasayo, kodwa "yindawo yokugcina" apho umzimba ukhangela i-calcium ne-phosphorus njengoko kuyimfuneko.
Ngethuba lokuphila, amathambo aguga, afe kwaye aphinde abuyele kwiindawo. Kukho oko kuthiwa "ukubuyisela amathambo". Kulo xesha, iiseli ezingapheliyo - i-osteoclasts ithathelwa endaweni entsha. I-osteoporosis ivela xa i-bone resorption ivela ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuba ukubuyiswa, ngokuchaseneyo, kuphuza kakhulu. Ekubuntwaneni nasekuqaleni kwexesha, ithambo elitsha lenziwa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba amathambo endala atshabalalise, ukuze amathambo akhule, ayanzima kwaye anamandla. Ukuhlaliswa kwemvelo kuyiminyaka engama-35. Emva koko i-"peak" bone mass is achieved. Kukho ubuninzi obukhulu beethambo zethambo, ezinokumelana nokulimala kombane. Emva kweminyaka engama-35 ukuya kuma-40, ukufa kweethambo zethambo buqala ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu kokudalwa kwazo. Ukulahleka kwethambo ngokukhawuleza kubonakala kubasetyhini kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala emva kokumisa umva, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kuqala i-osteoporosis. Ukubonakaliswa kwesi sifo kudla ngokugqithisekileyo kubantu abangakafiki kwiqondo elithe xaxa ngexesha lokukhula.
Iimpawu ze-Osteoporosis
Esi sifo sabizwa ngokuthi "umbulali ongenangqondo", kuba ihlala ikhula ngaphandle kweempawu. Ziyakubonakala kuphela xa olunye usuku lubuhlungu obubuhlungu esifubeni okanye ngasemva luya kuba ngumqondiso malunga nokuqhekeka kwezimbambo okanye i-vertebrae. Okanye, ukuba ulala phantsi, isandla sakho okanye intamo iya kuphulwa. Imimiselo enikwe yinto eqhelekileyo kwi-osteoporosis. Oku kunokukwenzeka nakwikhwehlo okanye ukunyamekela-konke oku kwisigulane nge-osteoporosis kuya kukhokelela ekutshatyalaliswa kombhobho okanye ukuphulwa kwe-vertebrae.
I-Osteoporosis ngamanye amaxesha ihamba neentlungu ezinzima, kodwa kungekho rhoqo. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-silhouette iyatshintsha kancane, ukukhula kuyancipha. Ukulahleka kokukhula kubangelwa ukugqithwa kwezinto (umzekelo, "ukuchoboza" i-vertebrae), ukuguqa kwamathambo, ukujikeleza umva, ukubonakala kwe "hump" ngaphambili kwesisu. Zonke ezi ziimpawu ezivumela iliso elingaboniyo ukuba libone i-osteoporosis. Ukongeza kwintlungu engemva, isigulane sinokucaphuka intlungu yesisu, intlungu yesisu (ngenxa yeentlungu zesisu esisuka kwiimbambo) kunye nokuphefumula okufutshane ngenxa yokungabi nendawo yempompo kwisifuba esiqhekezayo.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-Osteoporosis
Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokucinga: i-X-ray, i-ultrasound, i-imagination magnetic imaging. Imifanekiso eqhelekileyo ye-X-ray ibonisa ukulahleka kwethambo kuphela xa sele sele ibalulekile. Olu luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu ukuvavanya iingxaki ze-osteoporosis okanye i-fractures. Uvavanyo oluninzi olubuhlungu luyi-bone densitometry, emva koko kungagqitywa ukuba isiguli sinesifo se-osteopenia - ukunciphisa ithambo. Le yimeko yomngcipheko we-osteoporosis. Kule meko, ubunzima beemaminerali zesithambo samathambo buyehla, okumela umngcipheko weeqhekeza kwicandelo lokuvavanya kwithambo (umzekelo, umlenze womlenze okanye intamo). I-densitometry ye-Bone inokulandelela impembelelo yonyango kwesi sifo. Ukongeza kwi-densitometry, iimvavanyo ze-biochemical zibalulekile ukuhlola ibhalansi yeminerali yenkqubo. Oku kubalulekile ukuxilongwa ngokupheleleyo, kunye nokuchonga uhlobo kunye neyeza leyeza. Le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukubeka imiphumo yonyango.
Akukho mzekelo kufuneka siphathe ukulahlekelwa kwethambo lesinyithi ngaphandle kokulawulwa okwaneleyo kwemilinganiselo ye-biochemical. Oku kunokubangela ukuba kubekho iingxaki ezinjengamatye entso. Xa ufumanisa i-errorous diagnostic, ngokufanelekileyo, awuyi kuba nemiphumo yonyango ngeziyobisi ezibizayo. Kwimeko embi kakhulu, ukuguqulwa kwamathambo emasipha okungahambikiyo ngenxa yeengxaki ezingekho phantsi kweempawu ze-calcium, i-magnesium ne-phosphorus.
Ukufikelela kufutshane eRashiya yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi "test marker" kwigazi okanye kumchamo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uqaphele inkqubo yokubuyisela amathambo kunye nokuhlaziywa kwayo. Kwimeko yesifo se-osteoporosis esingaziwa, njengabantu abaselula abangenayo ingozi ebonakalayo, akukho ukuphulwa okukhulu kwintsimi ye-biochemistry, i-biopsy yokuxilonga ayenziwanga. Kufundwa kuphela i-histomorphometric study of waste collection, ukuhlolwa komsebenzi weeseli ekudalweni kwethambo elitsha kunye nokunciphisa amathambo. Oku kuvumela unyango olukhawulezayo ngokugxininisa kwiingxaki ezithile kwiethambo zamathambo.
Unyango lwe-osteoporosis
Xa unyango lwe-osteoporosis, amalungiselelo e-pharmacological asetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ukutya okwaneleyo kwe-calcium kunye ne-vitamin D okanye i-metabolites esebenzayo, iziyobisi ezivimbela ukuhluthwa kwamathambo (umzekelo, calcitonin) - konke oku kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko weentambo zomkhuhlane kunye nabasetyhini. Kunconywa ukuba zisetyenziswe kwakhona ekukhuselweni kwesi sifo. Kwabesetyhini abangaphantsi kwama-65, i-hormones yesini (i-estrogens) yintloko yoncedo lwezokwelapha.
Zininzi ezinye iziyobisi ngenxa ye-osteoporosis, kodwa zonke ziyahlolwa kwaye ziphambili kakhulu kwihlabathi. Unyango lujoliswe ekuthintela amathambo aphangaleleyo, ukwandisa impilo yonke kunye nokuphucula ukugaya. Umphumo walezi yobisi ukunyusa ubuninzi beemamineral kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko weentambo.
Izinto zobungozi
Ezinye izinto azihambelani nokuqala kwesi sifo kwaye azichaphazeli ukuba kungenzeka ukuba kwenzeke, kwaye ezinye zibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba umntu unesifo esi sifo. Kwezinye izigulane ezine-osteoporosis, ezininzi izinto ezinjalo ziqokelela, ezinye azinjalo. Ukupheliswa kwemingcipheko yindlela yokukhusela i-osteoporosis. Kweminye yabo, oogqirha abanakho impembelelo. Ezi zinto zifana nobulili besini, ubudala, umzimba, ubuhlanga, ukuzalwa. Inyaniso yokuba i-osteoporosis ixhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini, ichaza umthambo wabo ophantsi. I-osteoporosis inokwenzeka ukuba ivele kubantu abanomzimba oncinci okanye amathambo amancinci. Umngcipheko omkhulu wesi sifo ukhona phakathi kwabasetyhini baseAsia naseCaucasus, kwaye abamnyama kunye neLatinos abasengozini yokupheka i-osteoporosis.
Ukuxhamla kwiintlobo zamathambo kunokuvela kwintsapho. Kubantu ababazali babo abaye bafumana isifo seethambo, umngcipheko weentlobo zivame ukwanda. Imiba engundoqo yengozi engabizwa ngokuthi:
1. Amahomoni esondo. Izitenxo zokusesikweni, iinqanaba eziphantsi ze-estrogen emva kokumisa umva, okanye amanqanaba aphantsi e-testosterone kumadoda;
Anorexia;
3. Ukutya okwaneleyo kwe-calcium kunye ne-vitamin D;
4. Ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza athile, afana ne-glucocorticoids kunye neziyobisi zokulwa ne-antiepileptic;
Indlela yokuphila engasebenzi okanye ukulala ixesha elide ngenxa yokugula;
6. Ukutshaya;
Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala.
Ukuthintela i-osteoporosis
Inketho efanelekileyo kakhulu kukuthintela i-osteoporosis - kwikliniki, ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango ngoko akukho mfuneko. Ukutya kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu yokukhusela. Inendima ebalulekileyo ekufezeni inqanaba elaneleyo kwithambo lesithambo kunye nokuthintela ukunyamalala ngokukhawuleza kwamathambo emzimbeni yi-calcium. Kwamazwe amaninzi, kuquka uRashiya, intlawulo ye-calcium iphantsi kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-1 / 3-1 / 2 yesiqhelo esicetyiswa ngabachwepheshe bezondlo. Ngokuxhomekeka kwisini, iminyaka yobudala kunye nempilo yempilo, umntu kufuneka athathe i-800 mg ye-calcium kubantwana, i-1500 mg kubantu abadala kunye no-2000 mg kubantu abadala, abakhulelweyo nabancinci ngosuku.
Kwanele ukusela iziglasi ezine zobisi ngosuku okanye usebenzise i-150 g yeshizi. Oku akuninzi, kodwa abaninzi abantu abadli ezininzi iimveliso zobisi imihla ngemihla. Ukongezelela ubisi, kufuneka udle i-yoghurt, ushizi, i-ayisikrimu kunye nezinye ukutya ezinotye kwi-calcium. Oku kubalulekile kulabo abangenako ukunyamezela ubisi. Ezi mveliso zibandakanya: iifuno eziluhlaza ezinjengoblabishi, i-broccoli, isipinashi, i-rhubarb, i-dill, kunye ne-sardines (kunye namathambo), i-salmon, i-tofu, i-almond. Unokuthatha ukutya okuqinisekisiwe nge-calcium, njengejusi le-orange kunye nezinye iintlobo zesonka.
Nceda uqiniseke ukuba ukhetha ukutya okunamafutha aphantsi, okufana nobisi obumhlophe, i-yogurt eneekhalori ezimbalwa. Iimveliso zobisi zinomxholo othile weoli kunye nobuninzi. Ngoko iipuniwe ezi-4 ze-Parmesan ushizi ziquleji ezininzi njenge-1/2 indebe ye-granulated ushizi, kodwa kwi-Parmesan kukho i-calcium engamahlanu.
Ukuba ngenxa yesizathu esithile umntu akanakudla i-calcium ngokwaneleyo - ukulahleka kufuneka kuzaliswe izidakamizwa ze-pharmacy (umzekelo, kwiifommesi kukho iipilisi ze-calcium-magnesium ezine-dose efanelekileyo ye-calcium). I-Vitamin D nayo ibandakanya indima ebalulekileyo ekutyeni kwe-calcium kwaye, ngoko ke, ukwakheka kwamathambo enempilo. Kwenzeka kwesikhumba phantsi kwefuthe lokukhanya kwelanga. Nangona abantu abaninzi banako ukufumana "i-vitamin D ngendlela engokwemvelo, nangona kunjalo-njengokuba kunokubonwa ukusuka kuphando - imveliso iyancipha kubantu asebekhulile behlala ekhaya. Kwakhona kunciphisa umveliso walo ngexesha lokuwa nobusika. Kwiimeko ezinjalo ukongeza kwi-"vitamine" i-vitamin kufuneka ithathe iziyobisi kwiqondo elithile lama-400-800. Amanani amaninzi ayanconywa - kuyinqweneleka ukujonga izibonakaliso zezinto eziphilayo eziqinisekisa ukuphumelela kwesi songezelelo.