Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuqala kwesi sifo akusoloko kucacile, "iimpawu eziphazamisayo" kwaye ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwisoloko isifo esiqhubekayo kunye ne-astigmatism engafanelekanga ye-myopic kunye nokunciphisa ubuninzi obubonakalayo kwimiqathango yokulungiswa okusemgangathweni ngama-lens spherical. Impawu yenyuka kwi-acuity ebonakalayo xa ibonwa ngendwanguzo, eyenza ukukhahlela ukukhanya okusabalalisa kwaye ikhupha inxalenye ye-cornea kunye neprofayili efanayo. Ukulungiswa okuphezulu kokulungelelanisa kwenza kube lula ukufumana ii-lens eziqinileyo, nangona kwiingqinamba zokuqala kunye nale nto inokusingatha ngakumbi i-lens ezithambileyo. Funda kabanzi ngesi sifo kwinqaku elithi "Imbali yesifo kwi-ophthalmology keratoconus."
Ukubaluleka okubalulekayo kwesi sifo kubonakala kunye nokuqhubela phambili emva kwe "school" myopia, ubudala kunye nokukhathala komzimba kwamehlo amabini ngokunyuka kwe-anisometropia ngokukhawuleza. Izikhalazo zase-Asthenopi ezihambelana neemfuno ezongeziweyo zokusebenza kwezixhobo zokuhlala nazo ziyimpawu ngenxa yokubonakala kwe-astigmatism kunye nokuchithwa kwemeko eyahlukileyo. Iimpawu ezichazweyo zenza kube lula ukukrokra ukuphuhliswa kwe-keratoconus kwaye zikhonjiswe njengombonakalo wokuqhuba i-ophthalmometry (okanye i-keratometry) kunye ne-biomicroscopy phantsi kwesibane sokutsala. Nge-ophthalmometry, ingqwalasela ifakwe kwi-distortion kwaye iyancipha kwixabiso leetampampu zokuvavanya, i-radius of curve of cornea ukuya kuma-7 kwaye ngaphantsi kwama-millimeters, ukwanda kwamandla ayo okubuyisela kwi-48 Dpt nokunye. I-Biomicroscopy kunye nokusetyenziswa kwecandelo elincinci le-optical libonisa ukutyekela kwendawo yokuhlala kwendawo ye-cornea, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuya ngasezantsi, ngamanye amaxesha i-paracentral. I-cut cut is to thinning in the end of the keratoconus eline-characteristic ye-epithelium, eyokuqala, ibhekene nesiphene kunye nokuqhekeka kwegobolondo yase Bowman. Emva koko kukho iziphene kunye neengxowa ze-stroma kunye nekhefu ye-Descemet ngokubunjwa kwe-radiance ejwayelekile-i-streaks yeVogt. Utshintsho kwiprofayili engaphantsi kwe-cornea ngokungenakuthi ikhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwendawo yeseli kunye nokungena kwamanzi amaninzi kwi-cornea. Ngenxa yoko, kubonakala i-clouding ukusuka kwendawo ukuya kwi-edema epheleleyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-cornea okanye i-keratoconus ephawulekayo.
Nangona inani elikhulu leengcamango malunga nembali yesifo kwi-ophthalmology, imbangela yokuphuhliswa kwe-keratoconus ayicaci. Ngoko ke, unyango lwe-pathogenetic alukho. Kwizigaba zokuqala, unyango lwe-dystrophic support lwenziwa ngokutyunjwa kwe-taufon, derinata, amalungiselelo e-vitasik ngokusesikweni sokulungiswa ngama-lens adibeneyo kwaye anzima. Ukuphuhlisa i-keratoconus ephawulekayo kukubonisa ukuphela kokuphela kwekeratoplasty. Kungekudala, oogqirha bancomela kwiinqanaba zokuqala ze-keratoconus ukwenza umsebenzi odibeneyo, ukudibanisa i-laser keratectomy ne-phototherapeutic keratectomy, evuselela i-"corset" iipropati ze-shellman ze-bowman kunye ne-cornea. Nangona kunjalo, nangona iziphumo zokuqala zikhuthaza, ezi ndlela zifuna ukuqinisekiswa ngexesha.
"Phacogenic" myopia
Ngokufanisa kunye ne-ophthalmology nge-phacogenic glaucoma, eyenziwa ngenxa yokuguquka, ukuvuvukala, i-lyse okanye i-subluxation ye-lens, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa kunye ne-myopia. Ebomini, sidibana nale mihluko kunye nembali yesi sifo kaninzi kunokuba kubonakala ngathi. Nayiphi na i-ophthalmologist iyazi ukuba abantu abane-cataracts banokubona ngeglasi ezimbi. Kwaye aba soloko bebengabonanga-buso ebusheni babo. Isizathu sokwenyuka kokunyuka kwesininzi singase sibe yi-hydration, i-hydration, i-vacuolization ye-lens kwinkqubo yokuphuhlisa i-cataract. Ingakumbi ngokutshintsha kakhulu amandla ayo okubuyisela, xa le nkqubo ichaphazela inxalenye enkulu kakhulu kunye neyona nto ihambelana nayo-ingundoqo. Ngako oko, i-cataracts yenyukliya ihlala iqala ngokubonakala okanye ukuqina kwesi sifo. Abanye abantu bada baqhayisa ukuba ugqirha ubhala iziglasi zokufunda ezibuthathaka, kwaye banokufunda ngaphandle kweziglasi. Abanye beza kugqirha ngezikhalazo zokuphazamiseka kombono, qho ngeso linye lokuqala. Ugqirha uthabatha izibuko aze aqinisekise umntu ukuba akukho nto iyingozi, umntu oneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu anesithandathu ubudala uye wabonakala kwaye uphuthukisa i-myopia. Kukho iimeko apho, ngexesha lokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kweziglasi ngexesha lonyaka, ngokuqhubekayo ngokuthe gqolo (ngo-2-4pts!) Izifo zafunyaniswa kwaye i-scleroplasty yayinconywa! Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngokuza kwekhompyutha ngokubanzi, ngoku siqala ukujongana, ngokokuqala ngqa, ukwanda kwendlela yokukhutshwa kwabantu kubantu abaneminyaka engama-35 ukuya kwimi-40 ubudala ababenomsebenzi obalulekileyo kwibala elifutshane. Nangona kunjalo ayinjalo. Ngoko ke, nayiphi na inkqubela ye-keratoconus ngowesihlanu ukuya kwisithandathu kunye neminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi, ingakumbi ukuba njengokuba ingilazi engalunganga yokulungisa iyanciphisa ubuninzi obubonakalayo bubunobangela wokukrokrela ukuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana kunye nokuqhuba uvavanyo lwe-biomicroscopic. Xa kuqinisekiswa ukuxilongwa kwe-cataract kunye ne-phacogenic keratoconus, ukufakela ngokuqhelekileyo unyango lwe-vitamin kuboniswa ngcaciso kumntu malunga nezizathu zokuphuhlisa i-myopia. Ngoku siyazi ukuba imbali yesi sifo ikhona kwi-ophthalmology keratoconus.