Nangona ezinye zegciwane, ezinjengegciwane le-rubella, i-syphilis, i-herpes, i-polio kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zomkhuhlane, zisenako ukungena kwi-barrier barrier.
Ngoko xa intsholongwane ka-rubella ingena emzimbeni womama ozayo kunye ne-fetus, loo mva ingaba nemiphumo emibi ngohlobo lwesiphene, ukungaboniyo, isifo senhliziyo, ukulimala kwengqondo kunye nokukhubazeka kweengalo, kuxhomekeke kwithuba lithile lokuphuhliswa kwe-embryo okanye umntwana okhulelwe ngumntwana.
Ukukhulelwa komama ngeentsholongwane ezinjenge-influenza, i-bacterial vaginosis, kunye nokuba khona kwezifo ezingapheliyo ngesifo sikashukela, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okanye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, kunokulimaza ukuphuhliswa kwefesibhi ngeendlela ezininzi. Ngoko, umzekelo, izifo ezi ngasentla zinokuthi, ekugqithiseni, zithintele umntwana okanye zenze imfucuza, kwaye kwimeko embi kakhulu, ukukhubazeka okukhulu okanye ukuzalwa komntwana ofayo. Kwakhona banakho ukukhokela umntwana ekufeni kwasebuntwaneni.
Makhe sibone indlela isifo esichaphazela ngayo ukukhulelwa.
Ngaphezulu sasihlolisisa iziphumo zesifo ngokukhulelwa ngokwemiqathango jikelele. Ngoku ke sijonge kwisifo ngasinye esinokuchaphazela ukukhulelwa, ngeenkcukacha ezingakumbi.
Ukufumana i-Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-AIDS yisifo esinzima kakhulu, esivame ukuholela ekufeni, kodwa kukho ukungafani ngendlela yokubuyisela. Esi sifo sidla ngokubakho xa umntu enesifo sengculaza (i-HIV), apho i-immune system ichithwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye umntu uyafa kwizinto ezingabalulekanga nje kuphela kubhaktheriya, kodwa kunye nokusuleleka kwintsholongwane, kungenakubungozi kumntu onempilo.
Sikashukela.
Isifo somama onesifo sikashukela singakhokelela kwiintsilelo ezininzi ekuphuculeni ngokomzimba; kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, kunokukhokelela ekuzalweni komntwana osweleyo, kuba ubukhulu bomntwana obulesi sifo sikamama bunokuba ngaphezu komda wesiqhelo, ngokwandisa ithuba lokuzalwa ngokukhulu.
Gonorrhea.
Usuleleko lwe-Gonorrheal, olusasazwa ngumama kumntwana ozalelwe, lunokubangela ubumfama bentsana.
Herpes.
Intsholongwane enokubangela i-herpes yomzimba wesisu ingadluliselwa kwisithintelo se-placental, kodwa kaninzi kukho iimeko xa usulelekileyo usuleleka kumntwana ngexesha lokubeletha. Nayi imiphumo yomntwana yimfama, iingxaki zeengxaki zeengqondo, ukulibala kwengqondo kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, ukufa.
Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
Xa uxinzelelo oluphezulu, olungapheliyo, ukuba lugcinwa kwaye luphathwe ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kukho umngcipheko wokukhulelwa kwesisu.
Syphilis.
Kwimeko yokuba isifo se-syphilis, usulelo, ngexesha lokuqala lokukhulelwa, kaninzi alukwazi ukungena kwi-placenta. Ukukhulelwa komntwana kwimeko enokuthi kwenzeke okanye ngexesha lokubeletha, okanye kungekudala phambi kwabo. Intsholongwane ye-syphilis ingabangela ukuchasana kwangaphambili kunye nokulahleka kwezinto ezimbi, kwaye kubangele ukungazithulu kunye nomonakalo wesikhumba.
Influenza.
Uninzi lweentsholongwane zentsholongwane ye-influenza zinepropati yokungena kwisithintelo se-placental. Imiphumo eqhelekileyo yentsholongwane yintsholongwane i-miscarriages kumanyathelo okuqala okukhulelwa okanye abasebenzi bexesha elide kwimigangatho emva. Ukwanda kweqondo lokushisa komzimba likamama, ukuba kungenziwa ngexesha, kungaphinda kube yingozi kumntwana.
Rhesus.
Ngokwemvoko, isifo sichaphazelekayo iR Rh enomama nomntwana wakhe, ekubeni ezinye iprotheni (iprotheni) icandelo elingaphantsi kwegazi likaMama lingabangela ukungalunganga okwaneleyo okanye ukufa komntwana. Uninzi lwabafazi bexesha elizayo bane-Rh efanelekileyo, kodwa abanye banokuphelelwa kwesinye segazi, ngenxa yoko bangenayo i-Rh. Kwimeko apho umama oyi-Rh evelisa umntwana ongu-Rh kwaye igazi lakhe lidibanisa, lingene ngaphakathi kweplacenta okanye ngexesha lokubambisa, igazi likaMama liqala inkqubo yokuqulunqa ama-antibodies ahlasele iiseli ezibomvu ze-fetus aze azibhubhise. Nangona umntwana kaninzi akajonganga nengozi xa ephethe ukukhulelwa kokuqala (kunye nonina ngokukodwa), kodwa ekukhulelweni okulandelayo, umntwana usenokuba ngumngcipheko ophezulu xa yena, njengomntwana wokuqala, ene-Rh efanelekileyo.
Rubella.
Kwimeko apho isifo sobungozi be-rubella senzeke kwiiveki ezingama-16 zokukhulelwa (kodwa kuphela emva kokufakelwa), oogqirha bahlala becetyisa ukuphazamiseka kwayo, ngenxa yengozi enkulu yokutshatyalaliswa kombindi okanye umntwana.
I-Toxicosis yabasetyhini abakhulelweyo.
Xa owesifazane okhulelwe ekhulelwe i-preeclampsia, okanye isifo esibi kakhulu-eclampsia kumntwana, mhlawumbi ukutshatyalaliswa kwengqondo yengqondo okanye ukufa kungaqala. Iimpawu zale ngxaki zidla ngokuxinzelelo lwegazi, umbono otyhafayo, ukwandisa ukujuluka kobuso nezandla. Nangona ngokuqhelekileyo ezi ntlobo ze-toxicosis azinzima ukulawula, kodwa into ebalulekileyo kuloo nto kunabantwana abahluphekayo kubo kukuthotyelwa kokuphumla kombhede kunye nokutya okhethekileyo.
Utywala.
Isifo esichaphazela kakubi inkqubo yokukhulelwa sinokubangelwa nokusetyenziswa kotywala, oku kunokubangela ukungabikho komzimba obunzima nokuqhubekayo kumbungu kunye nokukhula komntwana. Ukungabikho komntwabala, oluhlobene ngokusondeleyo nomphumo wobutywala kwi-embryo okanye kumntwana, kuvele lula kwiiveki zokuqala ezi-3-8 zokukhulelwa, oko kukuthi, ngaphambili kwintokazi efunda ngayo.
Njengoko kuboniswe izifundo ezahlukeneyo kule ntsimi, ngaphezu kweyesithathu kweintsana ezizalwe kumama ophuza zihlaselwa ngumntu ongaphantsi komntwana, ngenxa yokuba loo dose encinci njengama-60 ml yobutywala obanjwe ngumfazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa imihla ngemihla kunokukhokelela ekuhambeni komzimba komntwana.
Eli nqanaba libandakanya i-fetal alcohol syndrome (i-FAS), ebonakala ngokuzalwa kwabantwana abanezifo ezinzulu kumama ophuza kakhulu. I-fetal alcohol syndrome iqulethe izinto ezintathu eziphambili: ukuphazamiseka komzimba, ukukhawuleza ukukhula kunye neephene zesistim seenkqubo. Iimpawu ezahlukileyo zabantwana abazalwa ngabazali banjalo ngumlomo oqaqambileyo, inotshi ephosakeleyo engaphaya kwayo, indawo ebanzi phakathi kwemida yeentloko zeentloko kunye ne-cheekbones.