I-Toxicosis le meko ibizwa kuphela ngokuba idibene nokukhulelwa kwaye emva kokuba idlule. Yaye ngokufanelekileyo uyibiza ngokuthi gestosis. Ngaloo nto i-toxicosis esele ifike ngexesha lokukhulelwa, yintoni ehamba kunye nendlela yokujamelana nayo, kwaye iya kuxutyushwa ngezantsi.
Yintoni i gestosis?
Akunjalo ukuba i-toxicosis ifike emva koko iya kuhamba kunye neentlanzi kunye nokuhlanza. Masithi nangakumbi, i-toxicosis yakhe-intokazi ayinakuvakalelwa kwaye azive ephilile. Yiyo iqhinga! Iimpawu zayo eziphambili: iiprotheyini kumchamo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nokuvuvukala. Kwaye omnye wabo ukwanele ukukrokra into ethile.
Umzekelo, ukuvuvukala. Zivela ngenxa ye-seepage yecandelo lamanzi egazini (iplasma) ukusuka kwimithambo yegazi ibe yinyama. I-Edema ngokwayo iyaqhelekileyo kubasetyhini kwindawo "enomdla". Kodwa enye into apho imilenze ikhula ngokuhlwa, kwaye yonke into idlula. Kwaye into enye into, xa ukukhukhuka kube yinto esigxina, izicathulo azihlambululi, ubuso, izandla, kunye nomngcando womtshato zibophelele emlonyeni womunwe. Ukuba ukuvuvukala kufihliwe, ubukho babo bunokuvelisa ngokukhawuleza ukunyuka kwesisindo, ukunyuka kweengxowa ngaphezu kwe-1 cm ngeveki kunye nokunciphisa inani lemayini yama-24. Iprotheni kumchamo ibonakala ngenxa yezizathu ezifana nokukhukhuma - iprotheni yegazi igxobhoza udonga lwe-vascular, kwaye iintso ziqala ukususa emzimbeni.
Ukuphakanyiswa kwengcinezelo yegazi kwisiqingatha sesibini sokukhulelwa kuyingozi kuba kuhamba kunye nemida yegazi yepentecenta. Kwaye oku kuthetha ukuba indoda encinci ayizukufumana okwaneleyo oksijini kunye nezondlo ezisuka kumzimba kamama. Ngenxa yoko i-hypoxia ye-intrauterine (oksijithali yindlala), ukunciphisa ubude kunye nobukhulu bentsana, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu umntwana angase afe. Ingozi yinkxalabo ngaphezulu kwe 140/90, kwincwadi yangaphandle - 160/110. Utshintsho olunjalo kumfazi okhulelweyo lunokubangela ukuba uhlolwe intloko, utywala, ubuthathaka, ingxolo ezindlebeni, isisongela, ukuhlanza, "ukugquma kweempukane phambi kwamehlo akho."
Amanyathelo okutshiswa kwexesha elide
Ukuwa kwamanzi. Okanye nje - ukuvuvukala. Uxinzelelo alukabi nakwizinga kwaye ukuhlaziywa komchamo akubanga kubangelwa. Oogqirha badla ngokunciphisa ukusela okuncinci nokunikela ukutya kweetyuwa. Kodwa isimo sengqondo sokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngoku sihlaziywe. Kubonakala ukuba kumfazi okhulelwe ophethe i-edema emzimbeni, ngokukhawuleza, akwanele okwaneleyo, uyashiya iinqanawa yonke indlela eya kwiifom. Ngoko ke, kufuneka siphuze. Kodwa ityuwa ngokwenene itshaba eligcina umbane emzimbeni. Kwaye akudingeki nje ukuba usebenzise ityuwa, kodwa ukuphepha ukutya okuqulethe ityuwa eninzi. Ukuba ukuvuvukala kungaphathwa, bangaya kwi-nephropathy.
Nephropathy. Oku akusiyo kuphela i-edema, kodwa kunye nokunyuswa kwengcinezelo yegazi, kunye nokutshintshwa kohlalutyo lomchamo. Nangona kunjalo, le mpawu ingabakho ngokwabo, okanye nayiphi na inhlanganisela. Kubalulekile ukulinganisa umlinganiselo we-urine okhutshiwe, kwaye ukuba uyahla rhoqo, ibonisa ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo. Umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-nephropathy uphezulu kulabo abathi, ngaphandle kokukhulelwa, babe neengxaki ngeentso, uxinzelelo. Emva kwakho konke, ukukhulelwa kukubangela ukugula ezininzi. I-Nephropathy yokwahluka komzimba inobungozi kokubili umntwana kunye nomama. Ngoko ke, ungacingi ngokugatya esibhedlele. Ngokukodwa ekubeni i-nephropathy ingaya kwi-pre-eclampsia.
Preeclampsia. Ukongeza kuzo zonke ezi ngasentla, kweli nqanaba kukho intloko enzima, ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo okanye intlungu esiswini. Kukhona isicupunu, ukuhlanza, ukucaphuka, ukungakhathaleli, ukunyaniseka, ukulala, okanye ukulala, inkumbulo ingaphuka. Ekuhlalutyweni kwegazi, inani leeplatelets liyancipha, oko kukuthi, i-coagulability yegazi iyancipha, ngaphezu koko, umsebenzi wesibindi unzima.
Eclampsia. Ukuxinwa, ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukuphazamiseka kwazo zonke iinkqubo ezinkulu kunye namalungu. Ukubonakala kokubanjelwa kungabangela ubuhlungu okanye imeko exinzelelekileyo, nokuba "engenakulimala" njengengxolo kunye nokukhanya okukhanyayo. Umfazi ulahlekelwa ingqondo, ukuphefumula kuyayeka, kwaye izihlunu zomzimba wonke ziqala ukunciphisa ubukhulu be-tetanically (oko kukuthi, ixesha elide). Ukuhlaselwa kukugqibela imizuzu engama-1-2, emva koko umfazi uqala ukukhumbula, kodwa akakhumbuli oko kwenzekayo. Intloko yakhe ibuhlungu, kwaye uziva ephukile. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuxhatshazwa kunokulandela omnye emva komnye.
Into eyingozi kakhulu kukuba i-eclampsia inokukhokelela ekuquleni kwintsholongwane engqondweni, kwimiphunga yemiphunga kunye nokufa komntwana. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngexesha lokunikezelwa, ngaphantsi kwexesha emva kokukhulelwa. Kwiimeko ezigqithiseleyo, ngenxa yokulondoloza ubomi bomama nomntwana, ukuhanjiswa kwangethuba okanye kwicandelo le-laarean lenziwa. Isisifo se-toxicosis esiphelile ngexesha lokukhulelwa liyingozi ngenxa yeziphumo zayo. Abasetyhini banokuhlakulela isifo esingapheliyo sezintso kunye negazi.
Kutheni kunjalo?
Umbono omnye kunye nokugqibela oogqirha malunga nezizathu zokuvela nokuphuhliswa kwe-gestosis ayitholakali. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo, iphephandaba laseMerika lonyango elithembisa ukuba libeke isikhumbuzo kwisikolo seYunivesithi kumntu onokufumanisa uhlobo lokutshatyalaliswa kokutshatyalaliswa kwexesha lokugqibela. Akukho nesikhumbuzo. Kukho kuphela izinto eziyaziwayo ezandisa ingozi yegestosis:
- abaneminyaka engaphezu kwe-40 nangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20;
- i-heredity: i-gestosis ixhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini abanomama ngexesha lokukhulelwa babe neengxaki;
Izifo ezithintekayo zezifo zangaphakathi (izintso, intliziyo, isibindi), uxinzelelo lwegazi, isifo sikashukela;
- ukunyanya;
- Ukukhulelwa ezininzi kunye ne-polyhydramnios;
- i-toxicosis emva kwexesha lokukhulelwa kwangaphambili;
- izisu zangaphambili;
uxinzelelo.
Kodwa, ngelishwa, nokuba ngumfazi onempilo akaqinisekanga ngokuchasene ne-toxicosis. Ngokungazelelwe, unokuhlakulela ukuya ekupheleni kokukhulelwa, kwiiveki ezingama-34-36. Oogqirha bachaza oku ngokuhluleka kweendlela eziguquguqukayo zomzimba ngenxa yokunyuka kwengcinezelo, uxinzelelo, ukungondleki okanye ukutshisa okubandayo.
Yintoni esiya kuyenza?
Gwema ukulaliswa esibhedlele nokubonakala kweempawu zesifo se-toxicosis emva kokukhulelwa, kunokuhamba kunye nesifo sengqondo, asiyi kuphumelela. Emva koko, kuphela kwizimo zesibhedlele kunokufumana ukuxilongwa ngokupheleleyo kwimeko yomama kunye nomntwana. Ukongezelela, izigulane ngokubanzi zibonisa uxolo olupheleleyo. Ngoko ke, bahlala bechazwa i-valerian kunye ne-motherwort. Ukuba ufuna ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi, i-antispasmodics isetyenziswa. Ukulahlekelwa kweprotheni kuncediswa ngamalungiselelo eeprotheyini, kunye nokudambisa amanzi. Umntu okhulelweyo kufuneka ahlole i-optometrist, ukuze isimo se-fundus sinokugweba umlinganiselo wokunciphisa iinqanawa. Kwiimeko ezinzima, xa unyango aluncedi, umfazi okhulelweyo uthunyelwa ukunikezelwa ngokukhawulezileyo ukuphepha i-eclampsia.
Indlela yokuzikhusela?
I-Gestosis ithinteke kwi-16% ukuya kwi-20% yabasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Ukuze ugweme ukungena kule manani, qalisa ukugcina amanyathelo okukhusela alula. Kwintlanganiso yabasetyhini, bonke abafazi abakhulelweyo bavame ukuvanywa umchamo kunye negazi. Abasetyhini benza ukugaya amazinyo abo: ngubani na oya kufuna ukuncintisana ekliniki kusasa. Ngokukodwa xa uziva kakuhle. Ngexesha elilandelayo, xa iingcinga ezinjalo zivakatye, khumbula ukuba i-toxicosis efikelelekanga ayikwazi ukuzibonakalisa. Uhlalutyo olufike ngexesha lungancedisa ukuqala unyango ekuqaleni.
Ukulinganisa rhoqo kunceda ukufumanisa ukuvuvukala okufihliweyo. Ukuqala malunga neveki ezingama-32, ubunzima bomfazi okhulelweyo kufuneka bonyuka ngama-50 amagremu ngosuku, okanye i-350-400 amagremu ngeveki, okanye i-1.6-2 kilogram nganye ngenyanga. Ukukhulelwa konke, umfazi, mhlawumbi, kufuneka athole i-12-15 kilogram. Ngokuqinisekileyo, elowo mzimba uqobo, kwaye ukugqithisa kwezi zikhombisi akusoloko kukhombisa nayiphi na isifo. Kodwa kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba umngcipheko wokuphuhliswa kwayo kunye nezi zibonakaliso zandisa.
Ngokukhawuleza ulinganise i-circumference ye-shin-oku kuya kuvumela ukufumana ukuvuvukala ngexesha. Futhi ungakulibala ukulawula uphawu lwesithathu oluyingozi - uxinzelelo lwegazi. Kucetyiswa ukwenza oku ekhaya, rhoqo kunye nezandla zombini. Ugqirha ekuboniswaneni kwabasetyhini, ngokuqinisekileyo, uya kuqhuba amanyathelo okulawula. Kodwa, okokuqala, kwabanye abantu, ngovuyo okanye ukwesaba ugqirha, uxinzelelo luya kungena ngexesha lokulinganisa. Okwesibini, kulula ukulawula izicatshulwa eziqhelekileyo. Musa nje ukulibala ukuxelela ugqirha wakho malunga nemilinganiselo yakho.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abo basengozini yokuphucula i-toxicosis emva kwexesha, kuyimfuneko ukuxoxa ngale ngcaciso nogqirha ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, nokuba bhetele, ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Okokuqala, oku kusebenza kwizigulane ezinesifo senhliziyo, i-nephritis kunye ne-pyelonephritis, uxinzelelo lwegazi, iinkqubo zokuvuvukala kwiindawo zesini somzimba, i-myoma, ukukhuluphala, iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo kwiinkqubo ze-endocrine. Ukuba unyoko okanye udade wakho ufumana igestosis yabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, le ndebe ayikwazi ukuyilela. Kwaye ngakumbi nangakumbi ukuba i-gestosis yayikukhulelwe kwakho kwangaphambili.
Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni i-toxicosis ifikeleleke isifo esingenakulinganiswa ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka uzikhusele, nokuba ngowona wesifazane ophilileyo. Okokuqala, khusela ukuxinezeleka kunye nokukhathazeka. Ukufezekisa uxolo olupheleleyo, akuvumelekile ukuba usebenzise i-motherwort ne-valerian. Ukulala okungenani iiyure ezili-9 ngosuku, uphile ngokuhambelana nombuso, udle ngeyure, kwaye kusihlwa-soloko uhamba emoyeni omtsha.