Umntwana ufunda kakubi
Ikhono lokufunda liphambili ekufundeni ngempumelelo. Ukuphuhlisa umdla wabantwana ekufundeni, ootitshala abasebenzayo banikela abazali iinqununu zeziphakamiso. Iimathekisthi zokufunda kufuneka zihambelane nomyinge womntwana, ukuba zizele ngokomoya, zengqiqo. Kubalulekile ukunika unyana okanye intombi ilungelo lokukhetha izinto zokufunda, ngokuxhomekeke kwimimoya yabo kunye nemeko yabo yempilo. Ukuphuhlisa umdla ekufundeni, omnye kufuneka enze imeko yempumelelo, inkxaso kumntwana inkolelo yokuba yonke into iya kuvela. Oku kuququzelelwe ngumlinganiselo wokuzijonga ngokukhawuleza kokufunda. Yonke imihla ngomzuzu omnye, abafundi abaselula bafunda iitekisi, balala amagama afundwayo kwaye babhale iziphumo. Ukuthelekisa iziphumo kwiveki kuya kubonisa ukuba isantya sokufunda sandile.
Impumelelo ekufundiseni ukufunda ixhomeke kakhulu kwimpembelelo yemisebenzi yabantwana. Kwaye, ngokuphambene noko, impumelelo yenza iinjongo: "Ndifuna ukufunda, kuba ndiyifumana." Awukwazi ukucela kumntwana: "Ukude ufunde ngokukhawuleza kwaye ungenazo iimpazamo, awukwazi ukuphuma kwindlela!". Ngokuqinisekileyo, abazali bafuna ukuba unyana wabo okanye intombi bafunde ukufunda kakuhle ngeveki, kodwa awukwazi ukumphoqa umntwana ukuba ahlale ixesha elide emva kwencwadi, vuthala ukuba into ethile ifundwa ngokungalunganga, ngenxa yokukhathala ngokomzimba kunye nokuxhatshazwa, kunye kunye nokuhlambalaza kunye nokugxeka, inkomo evela kwincwadi. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba umntwana ufunde ngokuvakalayo ixesha elifutshane. Kuboniswa ukuba ubude bokufunda abubalulekanga, kodwa ubude bokuzivocavoca. Kulunge ukuba ngaba liqela lemihla ngemihla, kwiyure enye okanye ezimbini, ukufunda imizuzu emihlanu kunye nokuphindaphinda umxholo wokufundwa. Iziphumo ezilungileyo zinikezwa ngokufunda ngaphambi kokulala, njengoko ziyimicimbi yokugqibela yosuku erekhodwa yimemori yomzwelo yomntu.
Ukuzilolonga kwimihla ngemihla ekuphulaphuleni kunceda kakhulu ukubunjwa kwekhono lokufunda, kuba ukuba umfundi weeklasi eziphambili ngezwi eliphantsi ufunda kunye nomntu omdala okanye abukele ngokucacileyo ukufunda kwakhe ngokukhawuleza. Ngexesha elifanayo ubeka ingqwalasela ngokucacileyo kwintetho, ukuyeka kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwengqondo. Ngoko isantya sokujonga iimpawu ezibonakalisa imifanekiso, kwaye ngoko ke isantya sokufunda umntwana, sanda. Ukuba inkunzi iphosakele "inkohliso", ngoko kufuneka umemele ukuba afunde kwakhona indawo apho iphutha lenziwe khona.
Abafundi beeklasi ze-1-2 abakwazi ukukhawuleza xa befunda. Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza, njengomthetho, akukho nto. Ukulwa neengxaki kubangela ukuba ulawulo lokufunda olusisigxina. Umntwana ufunda imigca 1-2 kwaye ufumane ukuphumla okufutshane. Kuyakwenzeka ngexesha lokubukela iifrimu xa ufunda iincwadi zengqungquthela ethi "Kwabancinci": ukuphumla esikolweni xa ufumanisa imifanekiso ephambi kokufunda nokulungiselela ukuqonda izi zivakalisi ezilandelayo.
Ukuqhelisa unyana okanye intombi yakho ekufundeni ngokuzimeleyo, ungaqala ukufunda incwadi ngokuvakalayo kwaye uyeke kwindawo ekhangayo kakhulu. Ekhunjiswe ngumnqweno wokufumanisa oko kuya kwenzeka emva koko, umfundi we-high school student will in many cases aqhubeke nokufunda ngokuzimela. Emva koko, kufuneka uhlale ubuza malunga noko akufundayo, udumise kwaye ubonise ithemba lokuba umntwana uya kuqhubeka efunda ngokwakhe. Unokuxelela unyana okanye intombi isiqhelo esithakazelisayo emsebenzini kwaye endaweni yokuphendula umbuzo womntwana "Yintoni eyenzekayo emva koko?" nikela ukugqiba ukufunda.
Kuhle kakhulu ukuba intsapho iqhubela ekhaya ifunde ngokuvakalayo. Ubungakanani bokufunda okunjalo kufuneka kube yiminithi engama-20-30, ukuze ugweme ukukhathala komfundi omncinci. Funda iincwadi ezifuna ukuthetha nomntwana wakho. Awukwazi ukuyilawula kwaye ufune ingxelo (ukuba ndiyifunde ukuba ndiyiqonda into endiyikhumbulayo), awukwazi ukubeka iimbono zakho. Ukuqwalasela, inkxaso, inzala yabazali kwimpumelelo yonyana okanye intombi iya kunika umntwana ithemba. Imvelo enobubele, neyokuzola ikhupha impilo yentlalo kwaye inceda ukunqoba ubunzima bokufunda.
Incwadi kwintsapho
Ukuba khona kweencwadi kwintsapho akuthethi ukuba abantwana baya kuthanda ukufunda kwaye abayi kuba neengxaki zangempela kwisikolo esiprayimari. Xa beka umdla wabanomdla, kufuneka bathatyathelwe ukuba bafunde iincwadi ezahlukeneyo: iindaba zeendlovu, amabali, inzululwazi, iimbongo, i-humoresks, iindaba, njl. Kunqweneleka ukuba indlu ibe nekona lokufunda. Ilayibrari yecala lomfundi wesikolo esincinci lenziwe, kuxhomekeke kwiminqweno yakhe, ngokwesini kunye nobudala, kunye nezinto eziphathekayo zentsapho. Kwinqanaba lokufunda kufuneka ukuba yimisebenzi eyintandokazi yabantwana. Mhlawumbi oku kuya kuba yiincwadi zokuqala ezingenakukhunjulwa, ezo abazali abazinikezele zona, okanye mhlawumbi ibali malunga nesilwanyana esithandayo okanye ibali le-adventure.
Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ube nencwadana yentsapho, iincwadi ezithandwa lulwazi-zenzululwazi kunye nezobugcisa ezikolweni kwikharityhulam yesikolo eziza kunceda abantwana balungiselele iklasi, kunye neencwadi kunye neeperi, ukunyusa umntwana ukuba akhulise amakhono akhe. Le ncwadana ethi "Ndiyazi ihlabathi," "i-Encyclopedia ye-student school school", izichazili, ii-atlases, njl. Ubudala beziko lesikolo-ixesha lokufuna iimpendulo kwimibandela emininzi. Iingcali zengqondo zithi umntwana omncinane ngosuku ufuna ukuphendula imibuzo engama-200. Xa bebudala, inani labo liyancipha, kodwa imibuzo ngokwabo iba nzima kakhulu.
Kuyaziwa ukuba abantwana besikolo abancinane bathanda ukuphulaphula ukufunda komntu kunokuba bafunde ngokwabo, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuba bafunde ngokuthe ngcembe kwincwadi. Abazali kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba umnqweno wokufunda awuxhamli kubantwana ngokunye okuthandayo: imidlalo, imidlalo yekhompyutha, ukubukela iTV okanye ividiyo. Ukuncedisa unyana okanye intombi yakho ukuba athathe iibhere kwilizwe elibanzi leencwadi ezahlukeneyo aze akhethe incwadi ethile yokufunda, kufuneka ukuba ubuncinci ukutyelela iilayibhrari kunye neencwadi zeencwadi kunye nomntwana wakho. Kukwacetyiswa ukuba uthenge iincwadi kunye nabantwana, ngaphambi kokuba wenze njalo, kucetyiswa ukuba uqhelane nomxholo wabo: funda i-abstract okanye idilesi kumfundi, jonga amaphepha amaninzi, khawuqwalasele imifanekiso kunye noyilo.
Kubafundi kwisikolo esiprayimari, kucetyiswa ukuba bathenge iincwadi ezincinci kunye nemifanekiso emikhulu. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba abantwana bazikhumbule isihloko sencwadi, igama lomlobi, kwaye bazame ukufumana ulwazi ngaye. Kufuneka ukuba ufundise abantwana, xa ufunda ngokuzimeleyo, ukulungisa imibuzo ephakamileyo, ukwenzela ukuba banokubuzwa ngabantu abadala okanye bafunde ngeencwadi zoncwadi. Kuyakwazi ukunconywa kwindodana okanye intombi ezithakazelisayo kwindawo ebhaliweyo ukuba ubhale kwincwadi okanye, ukuba incwadi leyo ingeyakho, yenza amanqaku ngokuchanekileyo kwimida. Into eyona nto kukufundisa umfundi omncinane ukuba afunde ngokucamngca, ukucacisa intsingiselo yegama ngalinye. Ncedisa umntwana ukuba afunde imidlalo elula: "Khumbulani umsebenzi ngeengcaphuno okanye imifanekiso", "Yenza umzobo wencwadi", "Shicilela umagazini wamagama obhaliweyo," njl njl.
Musa ukuba ngumhlobo kunye nezibalo
Imathematika yindlela yokuzivocavoca kwengqondo eyobunjwa kwaye ikhulisa amandla okucinga ngokucwangcisekileyo kunye nokuqiqa ngesizathu. Kwiimathematika, njengemidlalo, umntu akanakuphumelela kwimpumelelo ngexesha lokuqwalaselwa ngokunyanisekileyo kwezenzo zabanye. Sidinga ukuzivocavoca ngendlela echanekileyo edibene nomsebenzi wengqiqo, phantsi kwefuthe apho umntwana eqala ukuqala ukuqonda ekuqaleni kokulula, kwaye ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye kunzima, ukusebenza kwengqondo. Ingqondo eqeqeshelwe ngaloo ndlela iqala ukuphucula. Lo ngumphumo obalulekileyo kakhulu wokufunda imathematika.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantwana xa bephendula okanye basombulula iingxaki zisebenza kwiimodeli zepatheni ezifundwayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuthe kancinci ubunzima kunye nenani lolwazi olufunayo ukufundwa landa. Ukungabikho kwemememo kudinga umzamo omkhulu kumfundi ophakamileyo wesikolo esiphakamileyo, ngenxa yoko imathematika iba nzima kuye ukuba akafuni ukuyifunda. Ukungaqiniseki okunjalo kwengqondo kubantwana abadala bahlala bephosakele ngenxa yobuvila okanye bengakwazi ukufumana izibalo. Kwathi kwenzeka ukuba bathi: "Waqala izibalo", oko kukuthi, kukho iingxaki zangempela. Kodwa kuchaneke ngakumbi ukuba uthi: "Siqale izibalo."
Abazali kufuneka bakhumbule oku kulandelayo:
● Kwiimathematika, into ephambili kukuqonda, kungekhona ukukhumbula ngeyona nto, ukwenzela ukuba ukuqhutyelwa kwe-semantic yezinto ezifundwayo kunika zombini.
● Ukuba umntwana engakwazi ukubhala izibalo kwiibakala zaseprayimari, ngoko umntu makangathembeli ngempumelelo yakhe eyongezelelweyo kwiiklasi eziphakathi kunye nakwizinga eliphezulu.
● Amabakala amahle kunye nezimpendulo ezichanekileyo kwimibandela eqhelekileyo "Kuya kuba yintoni na?" kwaye "Ungayifumana njani?" asiyikunika isiqinisekiso esipheleleyo sokuba ngeemathematika kwindodana okanye intombi iya kuba yindlela.
● Abafundi abancinci badinga uncedo oludala. Ngenxa yemimandla yobudala, akakwazi ukuvavanya ngokufanelekileyo umgangatho wolwazi lwakhe, okuthintela ukuhlanganiswa kwezixhobo zokufunda.
Ukuvavanya ubunzulu bokuqonda kunye nomgangatho wokufunda ulwazi lweemathematika, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ingcaciso yezenzo ezenziwa ngumntwana ekuxazululeni iingxaki kwimidwebo ecetywayo, imidwebo kunye nemidwebo. Umzekelo, ukuba umfundi uthatha imitha ezili-10 ukusuka kwintambo, enye enye yesihlanu yintoni ubude betambo? "Ufumanisa impendulo ngoncedo lwecandelo, mhlawumbi wayengacingi ncamnye, okanye aqikelele ngokungalunganga. Kwaye nangona isenzo sokuphindaphinda sinyulwa kwisisombululo seengxaki ezingentla, ngoko unyana okanye intombi kufuneka achaze isizathu sokuba basombulule ingxaki ngale ndlela. Ingqwalasela kumgaqo kwincwadi yokufunda iyimpikiswano enhle, kodwa ayikho into ekholisayo. Buza umntwana ukuba atyele ingcezu (intambo) kwaye uyichaze: yintoni eyaziwayo kwimisebenzi, yintoni oyifumanayo, kutheni kubalulekile ukuba wande. Umsebenzi onjalo osebenzayo uya kunceda umfundi ukuba aqonde kakuhle umsebenzi kunye nendlela yokuyicombulula, kwaye umntu omdala ahlole umgangatho wokufunda komntwana wezinto zokufunda.
Ukubhala ngesandla
Ukubhalwa ngesandla okungachanekanga kunye nokungabonakali kuyakuba ngumqobo omkhulu ekusebenziseni ngokupheleleyo le leta njengendlela yokunxibelelana. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukubhala ngesandla kubhalisa abantwana ngokulungelelanisa, ukunyamekela, inzondelelo kunoma yimuphi uhlobo lomsebenzi, kuncedisa kwimfundo yobuchule yeso sikolo esincinane.
Kubafundi besikolo esiprayimari, isitayela esibhaliweyo sokubhala siyabonakala, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezinye iimpawu zokubhala ngesandla zivela kubantwana. Kukho izizathu ezilandelayo zokuvela kwazo:
● Umntwana ococekileyo kwiimeko ezininzi ubhala ngokuchanekileyo nangokuchanekileyo.
● Abanye abantwana babhala ngokuthe ngcembe ngakumbi kunokuba inkqubo ifuna. Ngenxa yoko, bayaphuthuma baze baphule imithetho ye-calligraphy.
● Ukuba umfundi akafundanga kakuhle okanye akafundanga inkqubo ngolwimi, ngoko uhlala eqhubeka nokusebenza kwemisebenzi kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ubhala i-sloppy.
● Abanye abantwana bayathintela ukubhala ukukhubazeka ngokubonakalayo, izakhono zezithuthi kunye nezinye izifo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, abazali kufuneka babone ugqirha.
Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba impumelelo ekubunzeni ikhono lokubhala, kwaye ngokukodwa ekuphuhlisweni kwendlela yokubhala ngesandla, ngokuxhomekeka kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngaba abantwana banamathela kwimilinganiselo yococeko oluyisiseko. Ukuqonda ukuhamba okuchanekileyo, indlela yokubamba ipeni kunye nokubhala kubonakala kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokubeka iliso ngabantu abadala. Amazwi athi "Musa ukufana nolo" okanye "Ukungalunganga ubambe ipeni" uncede uncinci. Abafundi abaneJunior akudingeki ukuba bachaze kuphela, kodwa banokubonisa indlela yokuhlala kunye nokubamba ipeni. Ubungakanani beleta eqhubekayo akufanele kudlule imizuzu emi-5 kwiklasi yokuqala, ngemizuzu yesi-II - 8, kwi-III - imizuzu eyi-12, kwi-IV - imizuzu eyi-15.
Kucetyiswa, kunye nomntwana, ukuhlaziya iimpazamo zeleta yakhe, ukubonakalisa ukungaphambuki kwimo, ubungakanani, ubukhulu, ukuthambeka kunye nokudibanisa iileta, ngokunyamezela ukukunceda ukufeza umsebenzi emva komsebenzi. Ukugqithisa kwe-calligraphy kwenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokuba abantwana abayilandelanga indlela inqaku lala ngayo. Ukuthambekela kwendlela yokubhala kwiphepha kwinqanaba letafile kufuneka libe malunga nama-degree angama-25. Ukugcina le ndawo, unamathele umgca omncinci wephepha elimbala (ngokukhethekileyo luhlaza) etafileni. Uya kubonisa umfundi osemncinci indlela yokubeka i-notebook ngokuchanekileyo. Ngethuba lokubhala, incwadana kufuneka ifakwe kwinqanaba. Isiqalo somgca kufuneka sibe phambi kwesifuba. Ukugcina umthamo ochanekileyo wencwadi ngamagama kubantwana kuya kunceda ekusebenziseni izinto zokugcina iimpahla kunye nezinto ezifanayo kunye neendawo zokugcina iimpahla, okunye okudibeneyo.
Ukuphuhlisa umthamo ochanekileyo weeleta kunye nesithuba phakathi kweeleta kunye nezixhobo zabo umntwana uya kuzuza kwiintlobo zee-intanethi. Zisasazwa ngeenkingi ezimnyama kwaye zifakwe phantsi kwephepha apho umfundi ebhala khona. Kwimodrid modrid, nganye iseli inesisele sayo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba loo leta ityhutyha, kwaye umthamo womsebenzi owenziweyo uncinci. Ukuhlakulela ukubhala okubhaliweyo kubantwana kunokwenzeka kuphela xa umfundi osemgangathweni uza kwenza yonke imizamo yokuthobela imithetho yokubhala. Inzondelelo iya kuvela xa umfundi eqonda ukungaqondi kwakhe, uyayiqonda intsingiselo yemisebenzi eyenziwa, kwaye unomdla ekufezeni injongo.
Umsebenzi wasekhaya
Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana besikolo abancinci, kuquka nabo bafunde kakuhle, banenkinga ngomsebenzi wabo wesikolo. Le ngenye yeengxaki eziphambili kwiziko lesiprayimari. Kule meko, abazali kufuneka bafumane ukuba umntwana unokukwazi ukujamelana. Ukuba akunjalo, ngoko ufuna uncedo. Kwiinyanga zokuqala zokuqeqesha xa wenza umsebenzi wesikolo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlale nomntwana, kodwa kungabikho ukusikisela, ukucinga ngawo, okanye ukuhlambalaza ngenxa yokungaphumeleli. Kufuneka ukuba ukhangele ukuba ngaba umfundi uhleli phantsi ngexesha lokufunda, nokuba uyayifaka ngokufanelekileyo i-notebook, nokuba uyayithobela loo nto. Kucetyiswa ukuba ufundise unyana okanye intombi ukuba aqale izifundo ngexesha elifanayo, ukuba afundise indlela yokuphatha indawo yabo yokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, apho yonke into eyimfuneko yomsebenzi wesikolo igcinwe ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana uqala ukusebenza kunye nezinto ezibekwe kwishedyuli namhlanje. Oku kuya kuvumela ukuba umfundi angalibali into echaziweyo, imigaqo yokwenza imisebenzi, njl. Akuyimfuneko ukugqiba umsebenzi ngexesha elilodwa, kuya kuba ngcono ukuba umntwana oneminyaka engama-15 ubudala abuyele kuye kwakhona, ngosuku ngaphambi kwesifundo. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuqala isabelo somsebenzi wesikolo esivela kwisifundo esinzima kumfundi. Awukwazi ukulibala malunga nokutshintshwa kwemisebenzi yomlomo neyabhaliweyo. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe imisebenzi ebhaliweyo, kubalulekile ukuphinda imigaqo ehambelanayo.
Kubalulekile ukufundisa umntwana ukuba asebenze ngemifanekiso kuphela xa engaqinisekanga ngokuchanekileyo kwesigqibo sakhe, kwaye abe nethuba lokuqonda kakuhle izinto eziphathekayo. Ukufundisa umntwana ukuba athembele ngolwazi lwakhe kwaye enze ngaphandle kweengcebiso, ungasebenzisa uncedo olufihliweyo. Kule meko, abazali bangakwazi ukuthetha oku kulandelayo: "Ngaba ukhumbula ukuba kulungile ukuqala nge ..." okanye "Kukulungele ukwenza ...", njl. Kunokwenzeka ukuba udumise umntwana ngaphambili, oku kuya kwandisa ukholo lomntwana ngamandla abo: Kuwe, ngokukhutheleyo, yonke into iya kuvela ... ". Yonke imisebenzi yasekhaya umfundi omele enze, nokuba wayengekho esikolweni, ukwenzela ukuba kungabikho nto iphosakeleyo ngolwazi. Kwintsapho kuyimfuneko ukudala umoya wokuthakazelelwa, ukuqonda ngokufanayo, ngoko umsebenzi wesikolo uza kuba yinkqubo enomdla.