Ziyintoni iziyobisi eziyingozi?
Ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa kungabonakali ngendlela engavumelekanga yomzimba kwisilwanyana. Nayiphina iyeza lingaba yinto ekhoyo. Izifo zengqumbo zingabonakaliswa ngophanya kwesikhumba kunye nokukhubazeka kwezitho zangaphakathi. Isiyobisi sokungabikho komzimba sineengqikani ezibalulekileyo ukusuka kwipembelelo lecala leziyobisi.
• Ukuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana zonyango kuhambelana nokuphendula ngokugqithiseleyo kwenkqubo yokuzivikela komzimba kwisistim somzimba. Inokuchaphazela izitho ezahlukeneyo kwaye ihluke ngobunzima. Kwiimeko ezininzi, izidakamizwa zihamba ngokulula kwaye zichaphazela kuphela isikhumba. Ifom yezona ziqhelekileyo yi-rash-like-rash-like-rash efana neentlobo ezincinci, ezi-pinhole, ezibomvu zamaphepha kunye neendawo eziphathekayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ihamba kunye nokutshiza kwaye ibonakale iintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuqala kwesilwanyana. Okungaqhelekanga, kodwa kunye nesimo esilulayo sisigxina se-erythema (ifomu ekhoyo yendlela yokuphendula). Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuqala kokuthatha iziyobisi esikhumbeni kuneendawo. Emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa zidlula, kodwa xa zithathwa kwakhona, ziyavela kwakhona kwindawo enye.
Iifom ezinzima
Ifomu elona libi kakhulu lokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngumngcipheko. Ubonakaliswa ngokutshatyalaliswa kanzima kwaye inokuhamba kunye ne-edema yeenkophe kunye nemilomo. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ezi zilandelayo ziyakhula:
• i-angioedema - eyona yingozi kakhulu yenguqu ye-edema ukuya kulwimi, i-larynx kunye ne-trachea;
• I-Anaphylaxis yimeko esongela ubomi ebonakaliswe nophuhliso olukhawulezayo; ikhula emva kokuluma kwezilwanyana okanye ukutya okanye amayeza apho kukho ukungabikho komzimba, kwaye unokuhamba kunye nokulahlekelwa kwengqondo;
• Iifom ezininzi ze-erythema - i-skin's skin allergies, ebonakala ngokubonakala kwimibala ebomvu ejikelezayo kunoma yiphina inxalenye yomzimba. Uhlobo oluthile olubi oluthile lwe-erythma ye-multiform exudative yi-Stevens Johnson syndrome, ebonakaliswa yimbonakalo ye-blisters kunye nokukhwabanisa kwesikhumba. Xa kungabikho ukuxilongwa ngexesha kunye nokunyanga okufanelekileyo kunokukhokelela ekufeni.
• Ukugqithisa komzimba yindlela eqhelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala iintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuqala kwesilwanyana.
Zonke iindidi zezilwanyana zonyango ziphezulu okanye zifana noko. Phantse i-15% yezigulane zesibhedlele zinomngcipheko wokuphucula umonakalo owenziwe ngonyango. Nangona kunjalo, i-5% kuphela yale mpendulo iya kuba yinyani. I-Penicillin yenye yeziyobisi zivame ukubangela ukunyamezela. Phantse i-2% yabantu ehlabathini liyekezela kwii-antibiotics zeqela le-penicillin, nangona ukuphendula okunzima kuphuhliswa kakhulu. Ukuba isigulane sinokuthi siphumelele kwiphina iyeza, umntu unokucinga ukuba unobungozi. Ngokomzekelo, nge-allergies kwi-penicillin, kukho ingozi ye-10-20% yempendulo enjalo kwiziyobisi ezivela kwelinye iqela le-antibiotics-cephalosporins.
Kutheni i-allergies ikhula?
I-immune system iqonda le nkunkuma njengangaphandle kwaye ibangela iindlela zokuvuvukala ezibangelwa imisundu kunye nezinye iindawo eziqhekezayo. Ukuphuhliswa kwezidakamizwa zezilwanyana ezingenakukwazi ukuqikelela. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izinto zandisa amathuba okuba kwenzeka. Ezi ziquka:
• ukulungiswa kwemvelo;
• Ukutyiswa kwamachiza amaninzi ngokufanayo;
• Ngokwezinye iingxelo, abafazi banelungelo lokunyamekela kunamadoda;
• inani lezifo.
I-Penicillin yona nto ibangela kakhulu izidakamizwa. I-2% yabantu abemi behlabathi bayangena kwiyeza zamagciwane e-penicillin. Xa uchonga isixhobo sokungabikho komzimba, kufuneka kuthathe amanyathelo okunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwayo. Ukuba iimpawu zokuqala zivela, isilwanyana kufuneka sikhutshwe ngokukhawuleza. Ngemihlathi, ukuxinwa okubandayo kunye ne-lotions ezithobileyo zisetyenziselwa phezulu. Izigulane zikwacetyiswa ukuba zingathathi izinto zokuhlambela kunye nemvula, zigqoke iimpahla ezihlambulukileyo. I-Antihistamines inokunciphisa ukucaphukisa isikhumba. Ukuba ukuphendulwa komzimba kunzima, kuyimfuneko ukubeka isigulane kwisigulane kwiiyure ezingama-24 ezilandelayo ukubuyisela kwakhona okanye ukuphazamiseka. Ukunciphisa i-skin rashes ehambelana neziyobisi, i-antihistamines imiselwe.
Ukuphendula okuphindaphindiweyo
Ukuba isigulane saye safumana isiqhelo sempembelelo esichaphazelekayo kwisizabisi, ngoko nangoko uthabatha eli chiza, liphinda, kwaye lingaba nzima nakakhulu. Ukungabandakanyi izilwanyana ezithile kwiziyobisi ezithile, ugqirha unokuqhuba iimvavanyo kunye nezifo. Ezi zibandakanya, umzekelo, ukuvavanywa kwesikhumba apho inani elincinane kakhulu leziyobisi lisetyenziselwa isikhumba somlwelane, landelwa nguvavanyo lokuphendula. Nangona kunjalo, akufanelekanga zonke iziyobisi. Enye indlela-uvavanyo olushukumisayo-lubandakanya ukuthatha iqondo elincinci lemichiza phantsi kolawulo logqirha. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi kunokwenzeka ukukrokrela ukungabikho komzimba ngenxa yesifundo se-anamnesis yesigulane.
• Inqaku lokungabikho komzimba kwimbali yonyango yesigulane kuya kunceda ukuphepha ukumisela eli liyeza kwikamva.
• Izigulane zikwacetyiswa ukuba zithathe ngokulumkisa izidakamizwa ezihanjiswa kwiikhemisi ngaphandle komyalelo, kuba kukho ingozi yokuphucula ukuphendula; kumatyala angathandabuzekiyo, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nekhemisti okanye ugqirha.
• Kwiimeko ezinzima, izigulane zinokucetyiswa ukuba zigqoke isongo esikhethekileyo esichaza amagama eziyobisi ezibangele ukuphendula.
• Kukhona isethi esikhethekileyo samayeza kwiofisi yonyango efunekayo ukubonelela ngoncedo lokuqala lwe-anaphylactic reaction, kuquka i-epinephrine.
• Kwezinye iimeko, izigulane zingaphumelela kwiinkqubo zonyango, kodwa yinkqubo engaphephile enokuthi yenziwe kuphela esibhedlele phambi kwabasebenzi bezonyango abanezakhono zokuvuselela.