Ingqolowa ithathwa njengesityalo esibalulekileyo sokutya, esihlala kwindawo yokuqala kungekhona kuphela kwimveliso yokudla okusanhlamvu yaseRashiya, kodwa nakwihlabathi: i-30-40% yeepesenti nganye kwisityalo nganye i-hectare inomxholo we-endosperm ophezulu (malunga ne-84%), kwaye oku kwandisa isivuno somgubo ophezulu.
Ingqolowa ejikeleze ihlabathi iyona nto isisityalo esinqununu. Ukongezelela, oku kuyisiqalo senkcubeko yokuqala umntu aqala ukuyihlakulela. Ngqolowa, kunye nebhayi ithathwa njengowona hlobo lwangaphambili lwezolimo, ngenxa yokuba imiphakathi yasendulo yavelisa ingqolowa. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-China yaseYiputa naseYiputa, iminyaka engamawaka amane ngaphambi kwexesha lethu, abantu basebenzisa ukutya kwengqolowa. Kwaye eGrisi lasendulo, iminyaka engamawaka amathandathu ngaphambi kwexesha lethu, ingqolowa yanda. KwiRashiya yakudala, ingqolowa yayixabiswa kwakhona ngenxa yeempawu zayo zondlo kunye neyeza. Ukongeza, kwiRashiya yakudala, ingqolowa ibonwa njengophawu lokuchuma kunye nobutyebi. Oku kungenxa yokuba ingqolowa ngokwayo isityalo esithandekayo. AmaFrost kunye nesomiso zibuhlungu kakhulu kune-rye ne-oats. Kungenxa yesi sizathu sokuba kwiintsuku zakudala kwakungenakwenzeka njalo ukufumana isityalo esingengqolowa esihle kwaye kungekhona wonke umntu. Kwaye ininzi umgubo omhlophe wengqolowa yayingakwazi ukufikelela kuphela kwieholide ezinkulu.
Ngqolowa, mhlawumbi ingqolowa ihlanganiswe ne "peel" eyigugu, kodwa uluntu njengemveliso yelitye ephuhlisiwe, yafunda ukuhlukanisa yonke into ebalulekileyo kumzimba womntu kwi-bran. Ngaloo ndlela, zonke izakhiwo ezixhamlayo zengqolowa, uhlobo oluthile olubekwe kuyo, lwaluya kulusa imfuyo, luye lwaba ngumveliso-nkunkuma, inkunkuma. Kukho i-embroyo yengqolowa, ebonwa njengenxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yengqolowa. Intsholongwane yegrofu iqulethe ngokwalo incedo kumzimba womzimba kunye neoli.
Ukwakhiwa kweengqolowa zokusanhlamvu
Ukubunjwa kwebhanki ebaluleke kakhulu kuye kubekho phantsi kwengqwalaselo esondeleyo kunye nenzala yenzululwazi. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zaphanda ngokuphindaphindiweyo ingqolowa yengqolowa, ngexesha ekufunyenwe ukuba ingqolowa iqukethe isitashi, ngaphezu koko, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zengqolowa ziqulethe ezinye i-carbohydrates, inani lalo liphuma kuma-50 ukuya kuma-70 ekhulwini. Ukongezelela, ingqolowa iqulethe iiprotheni ezahlukahlukeneyo, inani lalo lixhomekeke kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwaye lisuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-20 ekhulwini. Kananjalo, ingqolowa iqulethe imifuno yemifuno, amaminerali - i-calcium, i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-magnesium, ii-vithamini-B1, B6, B1, E, i-C, i-PP kunye ne-enzymes ehlukeneyo esebenzayo.
Ngethuba lophando lwakhankanywe ukuba ngexesha lokuhluma kwengqolowa inani lezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo kunye namavithamini, ukukhushulwa kokukhula kunye nokuxinwa kwee-antibiotics ziphindwe kaninzi. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lokuhluma kwe-vitamin B2 liba ngaphezu kweshumi. Oku kuchaza iimpawu zokuphilisa iinkozo ezihluma emzimbeni womntu.
Iimpawu zonyango kunye nezondlo zengqolowa
Kulo lonke uluntu, iipilisi zeli nkunkuma ziye zaxabiswa kakhulu.
Ngenxa yokuba iindlebe zengqolowa zinemibala yegolide, kwaye ngenxa yezinto zabo zokwelapha kunye nezondlo, ingqiqo kukuba iinkozo zengqolowa zihlobo lokukhanya okucatshiswayo ukusuka elangeni.
Ukuchithwa kwengqolowa yindlela efanelekileyo yokuvuselela emva kokugula okude, kuya kunceda ukubuyisela amandla. Yaye ukuba uthe wongeza ubusi kwi-broth, uya kufumana isilungiso esihle sokubanda, ukukhwehlela, izifo zokuphefumula.
Ubuninzi bezinto eziphilayo ezibalulekileyo zokutya zengqolowa ziqulethwe kwi-shell kunye nasebudeni. Ezi iivithamini zeqela B, i-vitamin E, e-antioxidant, i-fatty acids.
Ifunyenwe kwimizimba yengqolowa kunye nemvelo yokuzongcola, leyo, kunye nokunyanga, isoloko isetyenziswe ngumntu. I-Poultices kunye nomhluzi ovela kwi-wheaten bran iyindlela efanelekileyo yokonkcenkceshela nokunyusa ulusu.
Amagqabi enqolowa nawo anokuqukethe i-fiber, ekhuthaza umsebenzi wemoto emathunjini, evimbela ukuguqulwa kwe-carbohydrates kunye noshukela ibe ngamafutha. Ukulahleka kwesisindo kuya kuba ngempumelelo yengqolowa yegrosi.
I-Pectins, eyona nxalenye yengqolowa, iyakwazi ukufumana izixhobo ezinobungozi ezisemathunjini, ngaloo ndlela zinciphise iinkqubo zokubeka izinto. Iipectins nayo inefuthe lokuphulukisa kwi-mucosa yamathumbu.
I-Potassium, equle ngqolowa, iya kunceda izihlunu, kuquka intliziyo yesisu, ukuba isebenze ngokuqhelekileyo.
I-Magnesium, kunye ne-salesi yamagesi, yenza i-enzyme ye-carbohydrates metabolism, ithathe inxaxheba ekwakheni amathambo esithambo, ukulungelelanisa ukukhutshulwa kwenkqubo ye-nervous.