Kunzima ukwazi ngokucacileyo ukuba ubunzima bomntwana buya kubakho ekuzalweni. Isisindo esiphakathi kwamazantsana si-3.3 ukuya kwi-3.7 kg, kwaye ubude buyi-50 cm. Amathambo enkayi awanakunyulwa, oku kubancedisa ukuba bahambe kancane, ngaloo ndlela banciphise ububanzi bekhanda njengoko kudlula kwinqanaba lokuzalwa.
Ixesha lokugaya iiveki ezingama-40: umntwana
Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha abantwana beza kwihlabathi kunye neentloko ezixubileyo.
Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba intloko yomntwana inqunywe ngodongxongxongo, ugqirha uyasusa ibhoksi kwindlela yokuphefumula komntwana ngokusebenzisa ipompo yombane. Oku kuya kuvumela umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa ukuba athathe umoya wokuqala ebomini. Emva koko, bayaphonononga kwaye banqume intambo yomntwana, umntwana uboniswa kunina, kwaye ulwabelana ngesondo. Kwimizuzu engama-1 no-5 yobomi imeko yomntwana iqikelelwa kwinqanaba le-Apgar. Emva koko umncinci uthathwa ukuba athathe, ulinganise, ulinganise ukuphakama, umda wesifuba nentloko, uthatha indlu yangasese yokuqala kwaye ufumana izenzo zokuthintela i-gonoblenorrhea (zifaka amaconsi amachiza akhethekileyo emehlweni).
Kukho utshintsho kwinkqubo ye-endocrine yengane. Kukho ukwanda kwenzeni ye-adrenal kunye neentso ziyanda. Xa bebeletha, bavelisa i-hormone yokucindezeleka: i-norepinephrine kunye ne-adrenaline. Le nkqubo inceda umntwana ukuba afumane inxaxheba ekusebenzeni ngokubeletha aze ancede ukuba azalwe.
Umntwana naye "ulungelelaniso" oluququzelela inkqubo yokuzalwa. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yimiqathango yamathambo e-cranial - i-soft and supple, i-sutures ye-cranial ayizange ibekwe kwaye phakathi kwayo kukho i-fontanel ezimbini: i-parietal - ngaphezulu, ekhonzwe ngaphaya kwebhondi, kwaye i-occipital isendaweni yesipiliti.
Kwiiveki ezingama-40 kukho ukuqhutyelwa kophuhliso lwenkqubo yeentlanzi kunye nezitho zengqondo. Intsana ibonisa impendulo kumqondiso weemvakalelo ezivela kumama. Ekupheleni kokukhulelwa, umntwana usinika umama ukutsalana - uphawu ekuqalekeni kokubeletha, okuqala ukuzala.
Ngaphambi kokuzalwa komntwana, i-bilirubin yamahhala, eyakhiwa kumntwana, ihamba kwi-placenta kwaye isibindi somama sidlula i-neutralization. Ukubunjwa kwe-bilirubin kwenzeka ngexesha lokubola kwe-erythrocyte. Xa usana luzalwa, intambo yomlomo, edibanisa kunye nonina, inqunywe, kwaye ukususela ngoku umzi womntwana ngokwawo kufuneka uhlangabezane ne-bilirubin ekhutshwayo.
Imibuzo ejongene nomfazi ngaphambi kokubeleka
- I-jaundice yabantwana abasanda kuzalwa
Emva kokuzalwa komntwana, i-metabolism ye-bilirubin inokuphazamiseka, kwaye umxholo wayo wegazi ukhulu. I-jaundice emntwaneni, ngokukodwa umntwana osanda kuzalwa, udla ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunabantu abadala.
Oku kubangelwa kukuba abantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa, abahlala bengagqibekanga, utshintshiselwano lwe-bilirubin luphazamiseka ngenxa yokusebenza okwaneleyo kwe-enzyme ejongene ne-bilirubin metabolism. Uphawu olucacileyo lwe-jaundice ngumbala obomvu wesikhumba kunye ne-sclera yeso.
Unyango luyenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-phototherapy. Usana lubekwe phantsi kwezibane ezithile, apho imilayo idlula kwesikhumba kwaye ichithe iiseli ze-bilirubin. Akukacaci ukuba i-bilirubin iphuma njani emzimbeni womntwana. Ngokunyuka okukhulu kwimixholo yale nkunkuma, ukuxilongwa kwegazi kusetyenziswa. - Izifo zeintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa
Umxholo okhulayo ophezulu we-bilirubin egazini ubizwa ngokuba yi-hyperbilirubinemia, kuphela umntwana ozalwe oku kungakhokelela kwi-bilirubin ukuphazamiseka kwezintso kunye nokukhubazeka kwendawo yokuphefumula. Esi sifo sivame ukubonwa kubantwana abazalwa ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuxeliswa komntwana kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomonakalo kwinkqubo yesantya ephakathi. Ukuba ukuxhatshazwa kubonakalisiwe, kukho i-jaundice yenyukliya, ukuba umntwana akafi emva kweentsuku ezingama-5-7 zokuphila, ngokugqithiseleyo ukuyeka emva kokukhula kwenyama kunye nengqondo. - Umntwana oqhutywayo
Ukukhulelwa kuhlehlisiwe xa kunokugqitywa kweeveki ezingama-42 emva kokuphela kokuya esikhathini. Ukuphuhliswa nokukhula komntwana kwisisu kuxhomekeke kwimisebenzi emibini ebalulekileyo eyenziwa yi-placenta - ukondla umntwana kunye nezondlo kunye ne-oksijini. Ngokukhulelwa okukhulelweyo, i-placenta sele isetyenzisile ixesha layo, ikhula kwaye ingasondeli kakuhle umntwana kunye nezinto ezifanelekileyo ebomini bakhe. Ngako oko, ingozi ye-oksijini yokunqongophala kumntwana kunye nokufa kwayo ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokubeletha kwanda.
Xa idluliselwe okanye ithwele imbuzi xa ivela kwesikhumba isikhumba somile, siyakhuphelwa kwaye sidibaniswe kunye, iminwe okanye izikhonkwane ezide kwaye azikho iinwele. Ngokuqhelekileyo, aba bantwana abanalo igrisi yokuqala okanye incinci.
Kule meko, kubalulekile ukwazi inombolo efanelekileyo yeeveki zokukhulelwa, kuba oku kubangelwa indlela izondlo kunye ne-oksijini eya kwintsana evela kwi-placenta.
Iiveki ezingama-40 zesigxina: utshintsho kwi-pregnancy
Emva kweenyanga ezili-9 kuza umhla wokubeletha, kwaye kwiiveki ezingama-40 ukuqala komsebenzi akuzange kwenzeke. Kodwa kunokuba kubekho ixesha elibekwe ukususela ngomhla wokuqala lwenyanga yokugqibela, kungekhona, kuba kuye, oogqirha bacinga ukuba i-ovulation yayiphakathi komjikelezo, kwaye iqanda lingaba likulungele kunye neveki kamva.
Iiveki ezingama-40 zokukhulelwa - ukuqala kwabasebenzi: ukunikezelwa kwemvelo
Ukuba umfazi uthatha isigqibo sokuzala ngaphandle kwe-anesthesia, ngoko kufuneka alungiselele ukuzalwa okunjalo.
Enyanisweni, ukuzalwa kwemvelo kungekho kuzo zonke iimeko kwaye kungekhona kuwo onke amabhinqa. Xa sifika esibhedlele, ukuvulwa komlomo wesibeleko kungu-1 cm kuphela (ukuhanjiswa kuza kuthatha ixesha elide), kodwa unina usentlungwini ebandezelayo, oko kuthetha ukuba ukuzalwa kwemvelo kuye kuya kuba kakhulu. Kule meko, kusekho imfuneko yokusebenzisa i-anesthesia ye-epidural.
Kodwa ukuba ukuchazwa komlomo wesibeleko kungu-4 cm, ukulwa akubi buhlungu, ngoko ukuzalwa ngendlela engokwemvelo kuyinokwenzeka.
Ngeli xesha, indlela eyaziwayo kakhulu yiLamaz - ukulungelelanisa ukubeletha. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela, ufumana ulwazi olufunekayo kunye nezakhono zokusebenza ngaphambi kokuzala. Uqeqesho luqhutyelwa ngabachwephesha kunye nabamama abanamava kunye "nabancedisi". Kubalulekile ukuba umama ozayo uyazibandakanya "nomncedisi" wakhe, kuba ukulungiselelwa kuya kunceda ngengqondo ekuncedeni izilwanyana kwimisebenzi yobudala.
Ukulungiselela ukubeletha ngale ndlela kuya kuba ngcono ukuba "umncedisi" wesifazane okhulelweyo uya kubandakanyeka ekusebenziseni ukuphefumula ngaphambi kokuqala kobasebenzi kunye nabo. Umfazi ubonakaliswa ubuchule bokugxininisa kwizinto, apho angakunciphisa intlungu.
Kubalulekile ukuba ibhinqa elisebenza ngokulawulwa kwenkqubo yokuzalwa kwaye ilungele izinto ezintle, kuba ikhosi yokuzalwa ayinakulinganiswa.
Injongo yokuzalwa kukuzalwa komntwana ophilileyo. Kwaye ukuba kukho imfuneko yecandelo le-quarantine, oku akuthethi ukuba umama uzalisekise injongo yakhe. Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa kwecandelo lesigxina ngeli xesha likhuselekile. Yaye uvuyo olungakumbi ngoku ngoku a bantwana, abaye balahlwa, sele bezalwa ngoku.