Kwizingane ezilahlwa ngokwengqondo, ukuphuhliswa okuqhelekileyo kwengqondo, iingxaki zengqondo ziphazanyiswa, ukucinga kwabo, inkumbulo, ukucinga ngomlomo, ukuthetha, kunye nokunye kubi. Abantwana abanjalo babhekene nobunzima kwiimeko zokuhlalisana kwabantu, ukwakha umdla. Abaninzi babo baphazamiseka ukukhula ngokomzimba, kukho ubunzima ekuchazeni, ukuhamba kweemoto, ezinye iinguqu zangaphandle zenzeka, umzekelo, ukuma kwendayi, ubukhulu bezitho zingatshintsha ngandlela-thile.
Ukulahlwa kwengqondo kwahlula kwi-degrees e-3: ukuguquka (ngokungahambi kakuhle), ukungabikho kwemva (ukubuyela ngasemva), idiocy (ubuhlungu obuhle kakhulu). Kukhona esinye isigaba sokunciphisa kwengqondo: iqondo elincinci (IQ ngaphantsi kwe-70), iqondo elilinganayo (i-IQ ngaphantsi kwe-50), iqondo eliphantsi (IQ ngaphantsi kwe-35), ibakala eliphantsi (IQ ngaphantsi kwe-20).
Ukuqala ngomntwana olahlekelwe ngengqondo kuyimfuneko ukususela ebuntwaneni. Abantwana abanjalo banomdla omncinci kwihlabathi elijoliswe kuyo, ngokuba inqwenela ixesha elide, umzekelo, umntwana akayiboni umdlalo, akayidlala nayo, njalo njalo. Lapha, ukulungiswa okunenjongo kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana ufunde iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuziphatha, imisebenzi, iimpawu zomntwana. Ukucinga, imbono yehlabathi ejikeleze abantwana abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo kwinqanaba eliphantsi, ukuba awujongani nala bantwana.
Ukuba siqala ukuphuhliswa komntwana osenkulisa ongasemva kwengqondo esikolweni, uya kulahlekelwa buchule bokunxibelelana nabantu, ubuchule bezenzo zamagunya. Ukuba umntwana akanalo ulwalamano olwaneleyo kunye noontanga bakhe nabadala, akadlali imidlalo kunye nabantwana okanye athatha inxaxheba kuyo nayiphi na imisebenzi, iya kubachaphazela kakubi ukulungelelaniswa koluntu, ukuphuhliswa kwengcinga, imemori, ukuqonda, ukucinga, intetho, njalo njalo. Ngendlela echanekileyo kwintlangano yokukhuliswa kunye nemfundo, kunokwenzeka ukulungisa iziphazamiso ekuphuhliseni iinkqubo kunye nenkulumo yokuqonda.
Unako ukuphumeza iziphumo ezahlukeneyo xa ufundisa kumntwana wesikolo onokuphulukiswa kwengqondo, kuxhomekeke kwisilinganiselo sokubuya. Abantwana abanomyinge ophezulu kunye neqondo elibi lokulibala kwengqondo (ukungabikho, idiocy) ngabantwana abakhubazekileyo. Bafumana ipenshoni kwaye kufuneka babe nomgcini okanye babe ngamaziko akhethekileyo onoxanduva loluntu. Akunabo bonke abazali abanokujamelana nosizi olunzima kangaka, ngoko kufuneka bafumane inkxaso ye-psychotherapeutic neengcebiso.
Abantwana abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo (ubunzima) baneengxaki zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Enye yeengxaki eziphambili kukufunda okunzima okunzima kwabantwana kwiprogram yesikolo semfundo jikelele. Kwaye ukufundisa umntwana kwisikolo esincedisayo (isikolo soqeqesho) kuyinkqubo enzima kubazali.
Kwilizwe ngalinye, iindlela kunye neendawo zemfundo yabantwana abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo bahluke ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kuze kube kutshanje, kweli lizwe lethu, abantwana abasengqondweni abalahlwayo baqeqeshwe kaninzi kwizikolo ezincedisayo. Kodwa kungekudala, abazali baqhubela phambili ukunika abantwana kwizikolo eziqhelekileyo, kwanokuba bangayihoxisi isigqibo sekhomishini. Ngokomthetho, abantwana abanokuphulukiswa kwengqondo kufuneka bahlolisise ikomishoni yezokwelapha kunye nezokufundisa, ezenza isigqibo sokuba ingafunda yini esikolweni okanye kwi-kindergarten.
Kwizikolo zohlengahlengiso, abantwana beza kuphela ngemvume yabazali babo, kodwa, njengoko sele kushilo, kubakho nzima kubazali ukuba bathathe le nyathelo, kwaye banike umntwana esikolweni esiqhelekileyo. Kwezinye izikolo eziziinkokheli kukho iiklasi zokulungiswa kubantwana abanokuphulukiswa kwengqondo, nakwezinye izikolo ezizimeleyo nabo abantwana abayekezelwa ngengqondo baqeqeshiwe. Ingxaki enkulu yinto eqhelekileyo yokulungelelanisa uluntu kunye nemfundo yabantwana abanamacandelo amancinci omva. Kodwa ukuba umntwana ulungele kakuhle kwaye uncedwa ukuba afunde, ngoko, xa ekhula, unokuba ilungu elipheleleyo loluntu: fumana umsebenzi, uqale usapho kunye nabantwana. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke ukuba aba bantwana nabazali babo baxoxisana rhoqo kunye neengcali.
Akunabo bonke abantwana abalahlwa ngokwengqondo abakwaziyo ukufunda kwizikolo eziqhelekileyo, kuba kaninzi aba bana banawo ahlukeneyo. Kodwa kukho abantwana abangenakukuxelela ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukuphuhliswa kwabo kuphelela emva, okokuba, nangona kunzima, kunokunqoba imfundo kwisikolo esiqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, esikolweni umntwana onjalo ufuna umntu (umfundisi), ngubani oya kumhamba naye eklasini, uncedise ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Umntwana okhulelwe ngengqondo angaqeqeshwa kwisikolo esisisigxina, kodwa oku kufuna iimeko ezifanelekileyo kunye nokudibanisa kakuhle kweemeko. Esikolweni kufuneka kube neeklasi ezincinci, kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, kwiziko lemfundo kufuneka kube ne-defectologist kunye nengcali yeengqondo.
Kodwa konke okufanayo, uqeqesho oluhlanganyelweyo lwezilwanyana ezinempilo kunye nolwaphuculwa ngengqondo lunobunzima beengqondo malunga nokugqibela. Ukuba umntwana okhulelwe ngengqondo onomqeqeshi okanye ngaphandle kootitshala ootitshala eklasini, utitshala, ekugqibeleni, unokuchazela abantwana abaninzi indlela yokuziphatha nendlela yokunyanga ngayo umntwana, kodwa kunokuhlala kusenokuba ngabafundi abambalwa abaya kuhlazisa nokukhubaza umntwana ngengqondo yokulibala. Kwizikolo, inqanaba eliphezulu lobugwenxa, abantwana bahlala bekhohlakeleyo, kwaye umntwana okhubazeka ngengqondo kaninzi akwazi ukuzenza kwaye uyingozi. Kwiziko eliqhelekileyo, lo mntwana unganxiba.
Ukongezelela, umntwana olahlwa ngengqondo uya kulukhuni kunzima ukuqonda i-physics, mathematics kunye neelwimi zangaphandle. Ukongezelela, ukuba umntwana owela kwisikolo esiqhelekileyo aze abe kwiklasi eliqhelekileyo, isikolo siya kufuneka siyihlole ngokungagqibekanga ngokwemigangatho ye-USE, kodwa ngokwemigangatho yobungqina bentsingiselo yengqondo yabantwana. Ngoko ke, indlela efanelekileyo yokufundisa umntwana ngengqondo yengqondo kwisikolo esiqhelekileyo yiklasi ekhethekileyo yokulungiswa. Kodwa, ngelishwa, izikolo ezininzi zenqabe ukwenza iiklasi ezinjalo.
Kuze kube ngoku, abantwana abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo bavame ukuqeqesha kwizikolo ezizodwa zokulungiswa kwezigqibo, kuba okwangoku akukho ndawo efanelekileyo esikhundleni saloo zikolo. Ngoku uyazi zonke ngemfundo kunye nokukhuliswa komntwana onokukhubazeka kwengqondo esikolweni.