Intando yikhono labantu ukuba basebenze ngokubhekiselele kwinjongo ebekwe ngokugqithiseleyo, ngelixa belwa nemingcipheko yangaphandle nangaphakathi (umzekelo, iimvakalelo zesikhashana). Ukuphuhliswa kwentando yomntwana kuhamba ngendlela ende, kuqala ekuqaleni kobuntwaneni, xa efumana amandla okulawula ukunyakaza kwakhe. Kancinci, ukukwazi ukwenza izenzo ezinceda ukufezekisa iminqweno kuphuculwe, ukuzimisela ukwenza okuchasene nokunyanzelisa iinjongo zengqondo kukhula ngokuhambelana nenjongo ecacileyo, imigaqo yokuziphatha. Ukukwazi ukuzithiba ngokuzimeleyo nokuzithiba kukhula.
Abazali kufuneka banakekele ngokukhethekileyo ukuthanda komntwana ukuba "unemiba engozi" ehambelana neengxaki ekuthwaleni, ekubelekeni nasekuhambeni kwexesha lokuphuhlisa, kuquka:
• i-hypoxia (enganeleyo oknikeni kwengqondo yengqondo yomntwana);
• ukuguqulwa komzimba;
• urhulumente wengqondo okanye u-hypertension kwiintsana;
• Izifo ezithintekayo ezinokusukela kwiminyaka eyi-3;
• ukungahambi kakuhle, njl
Ngethamsanqa, ingqondo yengane iplastiki kwaye, nangona idluliselwe "ukulimala", ingqondo ikwazi ukuhlawula. Kodwa uya kufuna uncedo ukuze aphinde abuyele.
Ezinye iimpazamo zemfundo zithintela ukwakheka kweempawu ezinamandla. Ngaloo ndlela: xa umntwana ephangiwe kwaye yonke iminqweno yakhe izaliseka ngokungenamthetho, okanye xa umntwana ekhutshwe ngumntu onzima, uyahluleka ukwenza izigqibo yena ngokwakhe kunye neminqweno yakhe ayiqwalaselwanga. Ukucima isisindo esinamandla nesilinganiselayo nomntwana akahambisani naye nabanye abantwana, ukuvavanya okungalunganga kohlobo: "Awukwazi ukuzisa nantoni na ekupheleni!"; "UDenis uhamba ngcono!"
Abazali abafuna ukufundisa intando yomntwana kwintsapho, landela imigaqo:
1. Musa ukuyenza umntwana oko akufanele akufunde, kodwa unikezele iimeko zokuphumelela kwimisebenzi yakhe.
2. Ukuvuselela umsebenzi ozimeleyo wengane, ukukhupha kuye umva wokuvuyela kwizinto eziye zaphunyezwa, ukwandisa ukholo lomntwana ekunokwenzeni ukunqoba ubunzima.
3. Ukuchazela ngisho nezingane, yiyiphi indlela efanelekileyo ngayo loo mfuno, izigqibo abantu abadala abakwenzayo kumntwana; ekufundiseni umntwana ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba enze izigqibo zakhe. Musa ukwenza isigqibo malunga nomntwana wesikolo esikolweni, kodwa ukuba usizise kwizigqibo ezinengqiqo kwaye ukhuthaze ukuba uzalisekise ngokuqinisekileyo oko kuhloswe.
Ukuphuhliswa nokulungiswa kwentando yomntwana kuza kwenzeka kwinkqubo yokuthetha kwansuku zonke nabantu abadala. Ngezantsi zingamaqhekeza ezinxibelelwano. Bakhombisa indlela abantu abasondeleyo abangakhuthaza ngayo amandla omntwana wokwenza umgaqo-nkqubo wokuzimelela. Isiqendu ngasinye sisekelwe kwinqanaba elithile lemizamo enamandla: ukukhetha injongo, ukunqoba izithintelo nokufezekisa imizamo, ukucwangcisa nokubikezela, ukuvavanya, njl. Imidlalo ethile nemisebenzi echazwe ngezantsi zijoliswe ekuqiniseni intando yabantwana.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ezi zinto zilandelayo zokuphuhliswa kwabantwana: umnqweno kubo sisiseko somzamo wemiqathango. Ngaphandle kwayo, umntwana akakwazi ukuzinqoba. Kukunjongo yokuvusa le minqweno kumntwana abazali abafuna ukumnika ngayo izinto ezintsha. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kubantwana. Ukubonakalisa okubonakalayo okubonakalayo ebomini bakhe, ngokukhawuleza uya kuba nomnqweno wokwenza into, ukwenza utshintsho kwizinto ezenzekayo. Ubukho bezandi, umculo, ukufunda ukuziva izinto nezinto zokudlala, izandla zabazali abafudumele-konke oku kunceda ekuvuseleleni iminqweno yabantwana. Uninzi lwazo zonke, i-stimuli idinga iintsana ngeetoni ezincitshisiwe, zizolile.
Isenzo sokuqala esinamandla esinqwenelekayo somntwana omncinci kulula ukuphawula: ngowezolo nje, wayebukele umdaniso weedyshi ezixhomekeke phambi kwakhe, kwaye namhlanje ufuna ukujongwa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye uyadonsa ipenki. Abantwana abanomdla bafuna ukubamba yonke into abayibonayo. Nanku umnye umsebenzi owenzela umntwana ukuqonda ukunxibelelana phakathi kweminqweno yakhe kunye nemigudu eyimfuneko yokuphunyezwa kwayo. Beka umntwana kwisisu sakho kwaye kude-itekisi ekhanyayo ukuze ikwazi ukuyifumana. Ngomso olandelayo, yibeke into encinane, ukwenzela ukuba ufikelele kuyo, uze ukhawuleze. Xa inkwenkwe ekhulayo ihamba ngokunyuka, iya kuqala ukuhamba, menze abe negunya leminqweno. Ukuthintela akufanele kube nzima kakhulu, kungcono ukukhusela indawo endlini.
Unyaka oneminyaka elilodwa uthanda ukunyuka izinto ezahlukeneyo, ukunyuka, ukunyuka kwiingxaki. Ngoko bafunda ithuba lokuba umzimba wabo, banokuqiniseka ngokuzimela kwabo, ubuchule babo, ngoko kubekwe isiseko senjongo. Khuthaza umsebenzi owenziwe ngabantwana banoma yiphina iminyaka - oko kunceda umntwana ukuba afunde 'ukuzimela' ngokubanzi (kunokoqobo). Emva kweminyaka emi-2, kubalulekile ukuba umntwana waqala ukuphuhlisa inani lemikhwa ethile: ucoceko, urhulumente. Oku kuncedisa ekuphuhlisweni kwentando. Ungasebenzisa amathoyizi akho ozithandayo, ubanikezele kwimisebenzi yomlawuli: "Nantsi idalli yethu yeLala, phulaphula, uthi:" Bonke abantwana basesitratweni, uNastya ufike ngexesha. " Lapha iLafya blouse isilethe. Khangela, uLyalya, uNastya uzivala. "
Ukukhuthaza umntwana ukuba abelane, sebenzisa iinjongo eziphakathi. Ngokomzekelo, ivenkile ikude, umntwana uyamhlophe, ufuna ezandleni. Namela ingane: "Imoto inomdla, siya kusondela, siya kubona. Yaye ke iindawo ezihlala kuyo, siya kuzo. Yiza, ngubani oza kukhawuleza afike kumanyathelo. Ngoko beza. " Izenzo kwimifanekiso yomdlalo zisetyenziswe kakuhle ekuphuhliseni ikhono lokulawula ukuzimela, umzekelo, ukusuka kumdlalo onomsindo ukuya othulileyo. Umntwana ugijima ibhola, akanakuyeka. "Yaye iphi" imouse "yam? Ndimele ndixelele ukuba ikati iya, mhlawumbi inokubamba imouse. Nantsi "imouse" (sibhenela kumntwana). Nastya, unjani, "mouse", uya kuqhuba? Ukuthobeka, ukuze ikati ingava. Kwaye ngoku uyehamba, "mouse", kwi-mink, uye kumama, ikati ayifumaneki. " Umntwana ukhuphuka kwi-sofa, uhlola le ncwadi.
Umdlalo wokufundisa uza kufundisa umntwana ukulawula umsebenzi wakhe.
1. Phakamisa umntwana wakho ukuba acinge ukuba ungumqhubi wesitimela. Kodwa isitimela siyeke (ukukhawuleza ukuyeka ixesha elithile), kufuneka ukhulule kwaye uthathe imithwalo entsha kunye nabagibeli. Umcinci omncinci unokubanceda kumdlalo kunye nabazali babo ukubuyisela umyalelo: "nizise" umama ekhitshini, "uthutho" ii cubes kwibhokisi ...
2. Le nqubo ifanelekile ukuxhasa umzamo womntwana wokuhamba: udlale kwizilwanyana ezahlukeneyo, indlela abahamba ngayo, indlela abaxoxisana ngayo kunye nemisindo, "ngamazwi" abo.
Ukudala ukuxhaswa kwangaphandle kwemiqondiso enemibandela kunceda umntwana ukuba azibonele ukuzimisela. Ukunceda umntwana wakho atshintshe kwisenzo esinye, sebenzisa i-timer okanye iwashi ye-alamu. "Khangela iwashi. Ngoku itololo kwinombolo 1. Ude ude utolo luye kwinqanaba 4. Iwashi iya kwandula kwaye siza kuthetha ngomzobo wakho. "
Sebenzisa umqobo kunye nokucaciswa kweenjongo.
1. "Dweba izibonda" - inqubo engaboni ukuphela, kunokubonakala kubantwana bengaziboni kwaye kunzima.
2. "Dweba omnye umgca wembuthano" - uphawu oluthile lwenjongo, ngoko umntwana uya kuba lula ukuyifumana.
3. "Dweba izibonda ezintathu ezintle" - kungekhona nje inkcazo yinjongo, kodwa ingqalelo kumgangatho.
4. "Lindela apha, libala ukuya ku-5, kwaye kwakhona ukuya ku-5" - ukwanda okwenziwe kumsebenzi onokunyuka kwemizamo.
Xa uneminyaka engama-2-3 ubudala, abantwana bafuna ukubonisa ukuzimela. Myeke umntwana enze into engekho ngobuchule kwaye ngokukhawuleza njengomntu omdala, kodwa ube nesineke, unike umntwana ithuba lokugqiba oko waqala nokudumisa imizamo yakhe. Amava okuthatha ixesha elide ngokubaluleka kakhulu kubaluleke kakhulu kubantwana abangasondelanga. Ukuba uqaphela ukuba intshontsho yakho yenkomo isuswa, umzekelo, ngokwakhiwa komyili, mnike ithuba lokuqhubeka lo msebenzi ixesha elide. Nangona upheka isobho kwaye uza kusondla umntwana, uyigxotha ukuze umntwana ococekileyo afumane amava afanelekileyo wokuqondisa umsebenzi wakhe kumgomo othile. Umdlalo uya kuvumela umntwana ukuba aziqonde imigaqo yokuziphatha kwimeko entsha okanye "ingxaki". Ngoko ngoncedo lwamathoyizi, isiganeko esizayo siyaqothulwa. Umzekelo: "Idoli yethu yeLala iya ku-kindergarten. Hamba, uLyalya, apha, bhokolo. Uya kuba nekratshi yeengubo (bonisa). Kulapho uya kuba setafileni, kunye nabanye abantwana (sihleli etafileni kunye namanye amadonsa), silala kwisikhumba. Uya kuba nabahlobo. Umama uza kuza kuwe. " Emva kokukhetha okufanayo kudlalwa nomntwana: "Bonisa indlela ubulisa ngayo iqela, indlela oya kuyidla ngayo, ulala, ..."
Ibali elithi "Seven Little Kids" kwaye udlala le meko "umntu ukhalela emnyango" uya kunceda umntwana afunde imithetho yokuziphatha okukhuselekileyo. Uphuhliso oluhlangeneyo lwemithetho yomdlalo lufundisa imithetho yokuziphatha. Ngokomzekelo, umntwana "uzisa" amagama amabi kwi-kindergarten. Ukunikela ukudlala kwaye uvumelane: "Nabani na othetha igama elibi, inkunzi iphuma emlonyeni wayo, ngubani olungileyo-intyatyambo. Siza kubala ngubani oza kuba neentyatyambo ezininzi, kwaye ngubani ophethe i-toad. "
Kodwa inkwenkwe ikhula, ukucinga kwakhe kuqhubeka. Kunceda ukumfundisa iindlela ezilula zokucwangcisa izenzo. Nabazali bakhe, umntwana ulungiselela ukucoca indlu. "Yintoni esiyidingayo yokucoca?" Nastenka, lungisa i-apron, indwangu, i-broom, uqhube ... "Umntwana uthatha inxaxheba kwisenzo esithile somsebenzi kwaye uyayenza ngokuqhubekayo phantsi kolawulo lomntu omdala: umzekelo, uyilungisa intlama, athulule umgubo, athulule ubisi, atyale ityuwa, anyuke, njl njl.
Ukusebenzisa umzobo odibeneyo, unokufundisa umntwana ukuba enze ngokufanelekileyo, ngendlela ehlelekile. Ukuthatha iphepha kunye neepensile, xubusha nomntwana uze udwebe ngokuthe rhoqo ibhizinesi lakho ngoku: "Nanku, uvuka. Yintoni esiya kuyenza ngoku? Ewe, wayedla isidlo sakusasa. Yaye yintoni elandelayo? Dweba i dayisi. Kuthetha ukuthini oku? Uya kudlala. Kwaye ke? Ngaba siza ngaphandle? Dweba indlela, imithi. Kwaye silapha kunye nawe. " Esi sicwangciso sikhokelwa kulo lonke usuku. Ngaphambi kokulala, imifanekiso inokukhumbula kwaye ixoxwa yonke imihla.
Umntwana omdala (iminyaka emi-5 ukuya ku-6) uzakuzakhela isicwangciso eso kwaye inomdla uya kuxoxisana naye (emva koko, lo mdlalo uya kuthanda ngaphezu kokwakha abantu abadala "Uya kufuneka ..."). Phakathi kwenani elikhulu lemisebenzi yasemakhaya umntwana angakwazi kwaye kufuneka abe nemiyalelo emiselweyo. "U-Nastenka uyondla intlanzi, uzisa etafileni iipuni, iikomityi, isonka ..." Umntwana uya kuvuya ukunceda abantu abadala kwimicimbi apho angakwazi ukujamelana nayo - umntwana unengqondo yokuzimela. "Ndikhumbuze ... Unamehlo abukhali, enye intambo ... Uhlakaniphile, yifumane, nceda ..."
Ngokuphuhliswa kwengqondo yentsana ekhulayo, abadala bafundisa umntwana ukuba achaze ukuphuhliswa kweziganeko kwaye bakhuthaze ukuba bahlole ukuziphatha kwezenzo. Oku kunceda umntwana afunde ukunciphisa impembelelo yeempendulo zawo aze akhokelwe yimimiselo kunye neempawu eziqhelekileyo. Xoxa ukuba iqhawe lomxholo womntu okanye umntu wangempela wenza ngokuchanekileyo, umzekelo. "Yaye ungayenza njani enye into? Ucinga ukuba ndiza kwenza ntoni? Nawe? "Kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zonxibelelwano, umntu omdala akakwazi ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa unikele:" Zama, uqagele oko ndicinga ngoku, ndivakalelwa njani ukuba ndifuna ukuthetha? Kutheni ucinga ukuba ndikuxelela oku? Kutheni ndicela ukwenza oku, kwaye kungenjalo, kutheni ndingakucebisi ukuba wenze oku? "
Ukubetha imiphumo yezenzo zangempela zenza umntwana anelungelo lokwenza impazamo yokuba ebomini bokuba yingozi kuye, kwaye ngenxa yokuqeqeshwa kumdlalo umntwana angakwazi ukulungisa ngokukhawuleza, ukuphinda umdlalo kwaye ukhethe ukhetho oluhle lokuziphatha kwangempela. "Le ndoda yayiye yodwa ekhaya. Wabona iipilisi ebhokisini waza wacinga ukuba iilekese, waza wawadla. Yintoni eyenzeka kuye? Wememeza, wabubula, isisu sakhe savutha, wayegula. Bunny, ndibonise into enokuyenza xa ubona into ebonakala ngathi i-candy? Kwaye ngoku uNastya uya kuthetha. " Cinga kunye oko kwenzeka ntoni ukuba usihlalo ukwazi ukuthetha; ukuba ngaba abantwana babengaphezu kwabantu abadala; ukuba iqhude idibene idibanisa ukusuka kwipompo.
Ukubonakaliswa kwamanyathelo okwenene kunceda umntwana ukuba abe neentembelo kwiimeko ezintsha kwaye enze ngokuqhubekayo, ngendlela ehlelekile, eyenza ukuthanda komntwana kwintsapho. Umzekelo, kufuneka ahambe kwisitolo okokuqala ngethuba (ugogo wakhe, njl.). Umntwana kufuneka achaze ngokuchanekileyo kwaye achaze ngokuchanekileyo ukulandelelana kwezenzo zakhe kunye neengcamango zakhe. "Ndiza kushiya indlu, jikele ekhoneni, uye esitolo, jonga isonka kwiitrhefu, thintela i-spatula, ukhethe i-spatula esithambileyo, uyibeke kwingxowa, ubale ukuba libiza kangakanani, uthathe imali kwi-wallet, uyinike i-cashier, uze uye ekhaya ". Kule nkcazo, umntwana usebenzisa izenzi ezininzi. Oku kunceda ekuqaliseni umsebenzi wabo kunye nenjongo.
Ukwakhiwa kwamandla okulawula umgaqo-nkqubo wokuqala wokuba ngumntu wokuqala wokuqala kwiminyaka engama-5-6, kubalulekile ukudala inkuthazo yokuphuhlisa umnqweno womntwana ukuya esikolweni. Ukwenza oku, unokuhlela umdlalo esikolweni, ufundise umntwana ukuba enze imisebenzi ehlukileyo: umfundi, utitshala, umlawuli ... Kunceda ukuhamba esikolweni, bonisa iteksi, xelela ngolawulo lwesikolo, iimfuno zokuziphatha. Fundisa umntwana kumfundisi webanga lokuqala. Ukudlala isikolo kudala isishukumisayo esihle sokufunda. Ekuqaleni utitshala udlala indima yutitshala kumdlalo, kamva umdlalo omnye kunye noontanga luhlelwe. Ukuba umntwana ufuna ukudlala lo mdlalo wedwa, ke indima "yabafundi" ingaba ngamathoyizi.
Ngethuba udlala esikolweni, unikezele amancinci ambalwa, kodwa izabelo ezinomdla kunye nomxholo ongaqhelekanga okanye ongaqhelekanga, sebenzisa iincwadi zokubala, "izabelo zendlu." Kule meko, khuthaza impumelelo yabantwana. Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yokwaneliseka ngokomzwelo, umntwana uya kulwa nomsebenzi wokuqonda. Le nto ingaba yimidlalo eyahlukeneyo: i-checkers, dominoes, amakhadi abantwana, "abahambahambayo" kunye ne-chips, "ukutya okungenakulungeleka" ngebhola kunye nabanye abaninzi. Umdlalo uyaqhubeka nje ngokuba abadlali balandela imithetho. Qinisekisa ukuba imithetho iyacaca kwaye icaciswa ngokucacileyo, ukuba umntwana uyayiqonda: bacele ukuba bakhumbuze kuwe ngaphambi komdlalo, ukufundisa umhlobo. Ukuba umntwana uyakwazi ukuyibuyisela imimiselo yomdlalo, uya kuba nako ukulandela. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha abantwana abangenasineke bavame ukuphumelela nganoma yiyiphi intengo, bayakhawuleza ukuba benze ukuhamba. Mcebisa umntwana onjalo ukuba agcine emdlalweni wokugcina imigaqo ngabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwaye bachane, ukuba umntu wenze iphutha. Ungavumelana ngokuhlekisayo, kodwa ungayithobeli ihlawulo ngokuchasa kwimithetho. Indima "yomlawuli" iya kwenza umntwana ukuba enze ngokufanelekileyo. Akusiyo isono ukuba abantu abadala bavumele abantwana ukuba bafumane uvuyo loloyisa. Emva koko, ukuba ngumntu omdala kuphela ophumeleleyo, umntwana akanakwenzeka ukuba afune ukuqhubeka. Iimeko zempumelelo ziqinisa ukuzithemba komntwana ongakhuselekanga.
Abafundi besikolo samabanga aphezulu kunye nabantwana besikolo, ngokukodwa abantwana abangasondelanga, bayakhuthazwa ukuba batyelele amacandelo ezemidlalo. Kulapho umntwana ufunda ukuzimela, intando yakhe iyanyamezela ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba nobuthathaka kwaye bathambekele ekufundiseni abantwana abafanelekileyo kwimidlalo, emva kwayo kukho ifilosofi ethile (ngokomzekelo, ubugcisa be-karate). Kwizingane ezingenasifo esingqongqo, kukho ukungabikho kwamagosa okuziphatha ngokuzikhethela ngenxa yokunyaniseka okuphezulu kunye nobunzima bokugxila. Ukuze umntwana onokukhubazeka aphumelele kwimisebenzi yemfundo, kubalulekile ukunyamekela ukuphuhlisa ingqalelo yakhe.
Ukuze ufundise intando yomntwana kwintsapho, sebenzisa imidlalo ekufuneka uyigxininise ngayo, kwaye unike izabelo kunye noshintsho kwimisebenzi enjenge-"stop-start". Umzekelo, ukuba unokwenza nayiphi na imisebenzi yophuhliso (ingenza ukhetho olukhethiweyo lwamanani ejometri okanye ukukhangela kwitekisi kwaye ugxininise iileta ezithile, okanye ugcwalise ifom yesampuli), cela umntwana ukuba amise ukuqhutywa kwemigqalwa embalwa kumyalelo wakho we-Stop, kunye nomyalelo "Qhubeka" - qhubeka.
Kwakhona kuyimfuneko inhlangano eyaneleyo yomsebenzi wesikolo ngumfundi ochaphazelekayo: yenza izifundo kunye kunye (ubukho bezoqeqesho ezikhulile), cela umfundi ukuba akhulume ngokukhawuleza zonke izibalo zomzekelo, imisebenzi, isicatshulwa ekusebenziseni ulwimi (oku kuya kwandisa ingqwalasela yolwazi). Le ndlela yokwenza izifundo kunye nomntwana ococekileyo ufanelekile esikolweni esiprayimari, nangobunzima boburhulumente kunye naphakathi.