Kukho uluvo lokuba umntwana uya kuqalisa ukuphuhlisa ukuphuhliswa koontanga bakhe, ukuba ufunda ukufunda ekuqaleni. Oku kukukhohlisa. Iminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kuya kuba nzima ukuxoxa ngale ngxaki. Uphando olujoliswe ekufundeni zonke iindlela abantwana abancinci abancedayo. Ngokukodwa, izazinzulu zinesithakazelo kwiimpawu zengqondo zenkqubo efanayo yokwenza iincwadi zobumba kunye nezinto zokufunda nokubhala. Oko umntwana athola kamva, mhlawumbi, alahlekelwe, afunde ukufunda nokubhala ngexesha elimncinci.
Kwinkqubo yomsebenzi kwacaca ukuba umntwana uneminyaka engama-2 ubudala, ngaphandle kwecala labantu abadala, awukwazi ukufunda iileta! Nangona unomdla wokuqwalasela "iipateni" ezintle - iileta ezibonakaliswe kwiikhabhi, i-lotto okanye amathoyizi, akafuni ukuzikhumbula. Ukukhunjulwa kuqala emva kokuba umntu omdala eqala ukuvakalisa iileta, aze aziphindaphindile imihla ngemihla, ukufumana iinkcazo zeencwadi kwizinto ezikujikelezayo: "o" - isangqa, izimvu; "U" - umbhobho, ipayipi, njl.
Emva kwexesha, abantwana baqala "ukufumana" iincwadi kwizinto. I-Kostik (iminyaka emi-2 neenyanga ezi-6), ekhangele kwipop, leyo umama ayayihlamba ngayo phantsi, yamemeza: ", t, t!". Ekuqaleni umama odidekileyo wayengayiqondi into awayefuna ukuyithetha, waza waqaphela - umntwana waqaphela umgca weleta "t" kwi-mop.
Ngokufanayo, abantwana babona ileta "n" ebharini egcekeni; Intambo esongeziweyo phakathi kweentsika zombini yileta "n". Kwaye u-Olenka (iminyaka engama-2 kunye neenyanga ezi-8 ubudala) waqala ukufumana iinkcazo zeencwadi ngisho ... kwizonkwa zakhe ezondwa nguye!
Iibumba zokuqala ezimbini okanye ezintathu intsana iyakhumbula, icinga ngemizamo ethile, kwaye iqikelele ukuba umfanekiso owuqwalaselayo kufuneka ube negama, njengawuphi na umfanekiso - i-cockerel, inja, ikati. Ukususela kuloo mzuzu, abazali abaninzi baye baqaphela, uqala ukufuna ukuba abantu abadala babize iincwadi ezingaqhelekanga. Kodwa umntwana omncinci akashukunyiswa ngumnqweno wokufunda ukufunda. "Uyayiphendula" kwintsimbi-into, kwaye kungekhona ukubonakaliswa kwesigcaziso sesandi solimi lwendalo, into ebhaliweyo. Ukubona le ncwadi njengento, inkunzi ikhumbula igama layo ngendlela efanayo namagama ezizinto ezikujikelezile. Ngako oko abantwana basakhawuleza bakhumbule iileta ngeekhebhu ngendlela efanayo, njengamagama amadolophini, amaqhawe eendlovu, abantu abasondeleyo. Ngomso kamva, inkunzi iqala ukufumana iincwadi eziqhelekileyo kwiimpawu zentengiso, kwiintloko zamaphephandaba. Uphando lwezenzululwazi lubonisile, ukuba bonke abantwana abaqhelekileyo beneminyaka engama-2-3 banokukhumbula ngokulula iileta, kwaye kwiminyaka eyi-3-3,5 bangafunda ukufunda phantse onke amagama.
Nangona kunjalo amava alinakukuvumela ukuba ucebise uqeqesho lokuqala lokufunda nokubhala. Kutheni? Ukwesaba ukuba abazali baya kuqala ukukhawuleza inkqubo yokufunda isiRashiya kunye nokunyanzela umntwana ukuba afunde. Yile meko yabazali ebonisa abantwana ukuba babe neengxaki ezinkulu zeentlanzi kunye nokuthintela imfundo yokufunda nokubhala.
Kulo gumbi unako ukuxhoma (kumgangatho wamehlo omntwana) itafile kunye neleta okanye ipowusta enealfabhethi kunye negama legama - kwaye kuphela. Akuyimfuneko ukucela kwi-kid into engaqhelekanga kwiminyaka yakhe.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ukukhumbula iincwadi kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ufunda izinto ezahlukeneyo. Ukufunda kuwe akubizo amagama, kodwa ukuhlanganiswa kwamagama avela kwiileta ezifanayo.
Kungoko okokuqala ukufunda ukufunda nokubhala kufuneka kufundiswe ngokukhethekileyo, ngokucamngca kwaye kube yintsapho umntwana enomdla. Abantwana abancinci kufuneka bathathe izinto ezininzi, baxhase izinto (amathoyizi), baqokelele ulwazi olunzulu malunga nehlabathi elibangqongileyo: khetha izinto, zibeke omnye komnye, uthinte, uphonsa iibhubhu, iibhola, njl njl. Umsebenzi wenjongo ukhokela kweli nqanaba. Akukho ncwadana, apho iikhabhi ezifanayo kunye neebhola zifakwe, aziyi kuthatha indawo yomntwana ngenyaniso yangempela, into ekudibaniselana ngayo nemeko. Abazali kufuneka baqonde ezi mpawu zobutsha.
Umntwana wokuqala kwiminyaka emithathu yobomi ulawulwa ngombono obonakalayo-osebenzayo (isistimotor intelligence). Umsebenzi wokucinga (uhlalutyo, ukuhlanganiswa, ukuthelekisa, ukuvelisa) kuphuhlisa kuphela kwaye kwenziwa kwiplani ebonakalayo nefanelekileyo, oko kukuthi. kwiinkqubo ezisebenzayo kunye neepramramid, iidonki zokuhlambalaza, iindandlet, apho umntwana eqhubeka khona, enqamula kunye nokuqokelela; uthelekisa, usebenzisa enye inxalenye kwenye, njalo njalo.
"Kodwa ngokumalunga nokufunda. Yintoni ukuxhamla? "- abazali abadidekileyo baya kuthibuza. Kubalulekile ukuba uqonde ukuba abantwana abancinci abazi ukuba "basebenzise" izandi zolwimi lwabo, ukuba baqulunqe, bahlule iilabhile. Isigama sesigqithiso somntwana asiqhelekanga sihambelane nesitokisi seengcamango: kungekhona onke amagama umntwana angakwazi ukuvakalisa ngokucacileyo, amaninzi awo akaququzeli ukuveliswa kwamava athile. Amandla okucinga kwengane akukhona amagama, kodwa umxholo wawo, utyalomali ngamagama.
Okwangoku, inzululwazi ibonise ukuba iinjongo eziphambili zokuphuhliswa kwengqondo yomntwana weminyaka yokuqala yobomi, umthombo wakhe oyintloko ngumsebenzi ochanekileyo osebenzayo kunye nama-rattles, iipiramidi, kunye neempahla zomntwana zabasebenzi ezitholakalayo kumntwana, kwaye ekugqibeleni umdlalo unodla kunye nazo zonke iindlela zokuncedisa umdlalo wendaba. Usosayensi owaziwayo kwintsimi yobudala, ugqirha wezoBiyoloji zezoBomi. UFonarev wabonisa ukuba ngelixa edlala, esebenza, umntwana ufunda okokuqala ngxaki ukujongana neengxaki ezibonakalayo ezilula, ngaphandle kwalokhu akakwazi ukuphakama kwisigaba esiphezulu apho iziqulatho ezingabonakali ziqala ukubunjwa, umxholo owenza iimeko ezininzi ezicwangcisiweyo zokucinga, umzekelo, ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo (imbono). Ngenxa yoko, ixesha elidlulileyo kwaye ngenxa yolu xhaphalo olunezintlu zokufunda aluqinisekisi ukuba uphuhliso oluhambelanayo, kwaye le ngenye yeemeko zayo ezimbi.
Ukufunda nokubhala kufuneka kunikezelwe kubazali babantwana abanembopheleleko enkulu, kuba idibene nokuphuhliswa kwezinto zenkcubeko yoluntu. Olu lwazi "aluyolonwabo", luya kubomi kwaye lufanele lunikezwe kubantwana banoma yiphi iminyaka echanekileyo ngokuchanekileyo.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, kuzo zonke izinto eziye zatshoyo, akulandeleli konke ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuthatha iincwadi ezivela kumntwana, ukuzama ukungazibona amanani emehlweni akhe, njl. Makhe abe kunye kunye neekhebhu ngeencwadi, kunye neenganekwane, kunye nemifanekiso eneenombolo.
Vumela-nangokwesicelo sakhe - umbiza ngeencwadi kwaye kukunceda ufunde amagama alula.
Kufuneka omnye: sele sele sele uneminyaka yesibini yesithathu yobomi bomntwana phantsi kolawulo lwabantu abadala abazoba nemifanekiso, imodeli, i-appliqués, kunye nokwakhiwa, kwaye yaqhotyoshelwe "kubasebenzi", umsebenzi ojoliswe kuyo.
Ukuphuhliswa komsebenzi wengqondo yomntwana akunakuncitshiswa ekukhunjweni kwee-33 ii-alfabhethi kunye neempawu zedijithali ezili-10. Ngendlela, iinombolo zebhokhwe ziyakhumbula ngendlela efanayo neencwadi, ziqikelela: 1 - intonga, 2 - idada, 3 - umtya; I-4 - ecaleni kwesigxina; I-cookware-cookware ye-5; 6 - isitshixo; I-7 - i-hatchet; 8 - bun ("plaetochka"); 9 - ibhaluni yomoya.
Kule minyaka yobudala, uhlobo oluphambili lomsebenzi wophuhliso ngumdlalo. Yingakho inkunzi eyazi i-alfabhethi kwaye "ifunde" ngamagama ngamagama alula, ngokukhawuleza ishiya ezi zifundo, ishintshela kumdlalo, ibonisa abantu abadala ukuba ukufundwa kwangoko nje ngumvuzo kwifashoni.
Xa uneminyaka engama-5-6 ubudala kulula ukuba abantwana bafunde ukufunda, kodwa unokwazi ukufumana iinkcukacha (kubhaliswa kwazo) komntwana osele minyaka engama-2-3. Kodwa kule minyaka, njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, izinto zezinto zabantwana. Oku luncedo. Ukususela uphando kucacile: xa uhlola iileta kwiikerubhi, iipilisi, umntwana udala inzululwazi. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zazisa ukuba ngexesha lokubukela iliso "livakalelwa" le ngxelo malunga neendlela ezifanayo ukuba isandla sijwayelane nale fomu, sisichukumise phezulu. Yingakho abantwana banomdla kakhulu ngokujonga iileta! Iintsana, ezazisetyenziselwa iziqalo zenkcubeko yenkcubeko yoluntu (iileta, amanani, amanqaku, iifom zejometri, imidwebo, njl.), Gxiba i-mosaic, iipuzzle, imifanekiso yeendiza (umzekelo, "indlu ye-cockerel" njl njl.), khetha iindawo ezifanayo zeemifanekiso ezinqunyiwe (vertically) kunye nee cubes, Ie. bhetele ukwenza imisebenzi apho kuhlaziywa okubonakalayo okubonakalayo.
Ngenxa yoko, kukho nenye into efanelekileyo ekufundiseni kwangaphambili umntwana kunye nencwadi.
Yintoni omele uqalise ukuqaliswa komntwana ukufunda nokubhala?
Cima kwikhadi eliqingqiweyo zonke iileta ze-alfabhethi eziphezulu ezili-10. Zifanele zomelele, ukwenzela ukuba inkunzi ibenokuyibamba ngokulula.
Mnike ngamazwi okuqala: "a", "o", "y", "kunye".
Bhengeze ngokukhawuleza, phantse ukucula.
Yenza isibonelelo esifana ne-pencil case, kuphela yiplanethi, efana nekhayibhile. Kulo ipenseli yombusi iileta ziqatshelwe kwaye zivaliwe.
Umdlalo uqala: inyane libiza incwadi evuleka kwiso lakhe xa umgca uhamba ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla. Oku kubalulekile, kuba kusekwa ukuba ubunzima bokuqala ekufundiseni ukufunda budibaniswe nokungakwazi ukulandela imbono ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla.
Xa umntwana efunda izikhalazo (a, o, y, u), baya kukhululeka ukuba baqonde kwaye bathi "i-ah-ah", "y-uy", "i-i-i", "0-0- 0 ", ungaqhubeka. Qala ukufunda (ewe, funda!). Ukwenza oku, wabeka izikhenkce kwisakhiwo se-syllabic kwimeko yepensela yomlawuli: "Io" - ihashe ibika, "ngoJuni" yindonki. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ekuqaleni kwakufuneka inhlanganisela eyodwa yentsimbi iqhutywe, ke okwesibini. Ingane kufuneka ifunde ukubiza igama elivulekileyo. Izandi zombini ziyikhenksi, ngoko okokuqala kulula "ukugeleza" okwesibini, kwaye umntwana uyayifunda, ngaphandle kobunzima, emva komdala, "njengamahashe okanye idonki." Ngokufanayo, funda ibinzana elithi "ay".
Ukuguqulela ngokutsha umlawuli, ukuvakalisa iileta ezibonakalayo: "ah-ah-ah-uu-uu." Emva koko unike ngolwazi olongezelelweyo: intombazana (le nkwenkwana) idlala kwaye ifune kunye nonina okanye ihambe ehlathini. Ngoko, ngendlela yomdlalo, umntwana kufuneka axelelwe ukuba ezinye iinkcukacha ziyahanjiswa ngoncedo lweencwadi.
Ukuphuhliswa kwamaonononi kuqala ngokuthe ngcembe.
Ekuqaleni, "m", "p", "b", ngoko "t", "d", "c", "d".
Nika umntwana incwadi enesandleni sakhe uze uthe isandi esichaza (kwaye kuphela!).
Ngoku, ngoncedo lomlawuli weepen-ne-pencil, ungaqala ukuzisa umntwana wakho kwiibllabha ezivaliweyo:
"Av" (unika inja), "mna" (inja iyacela ukuba idle).
Musa ukukhawuleza umntwana, khumbula ukuba udlala naye, zibandakanya izenzo kunye nekhawu kwimiboniso yemidlalo. Ukwandisa intsimi yokufundisa yokusebenzisana kwemidlalo, ukudibanisa ne "ukufunda".
Ukuba amanyathelo achazwe ngasentla aphumelele, ungaqhubeka ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo.
Sitshintsha phambi kwamehlo encwadi yobuntana kwiilwimi: "av" - "va"; "Ngaba" - "ma"; "Unye" - "na", njl
Emva koko, ukuhambisa umgca ngecala lepensile ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla, cela ukuba abize iileta ezibonakalayo.
Oku kukuqala kokuphuhliswa komqulu. Kuba umntwana weZ Z iminyaka engaphezulu.
Ubungakanani bokufunda ukubhala nokubhala nokufunda nokufunda nokubhala kubonakaliswe ngabazinzulu basekhaya nabangaphandle. Izakhono ezizodwa ziye zaphuhliswa. E-Rashiya, into ephambili yeyona ndlela yindlela ka-N. Zaitsev, kodwa idinga uqeqesho olulodwa lomntu omdala. Siye sinikeza ingqiqo.