Imilinganiselo yansuku zonke yomsebenzi

Ngomsebenzi wokwenyama, iimfuno zomzimba zonyuka kakhulu. Ukunyuka komsebenzi wemisipha kudinga ukunyuswa kokwanda kwe-oksijini namandla. Ubomi obuqhelekileyo, umzimba udinga amandla. I-excreted in metabolism of nutrients. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuzikhandla ngokomzimba, izihlunu zidinga amandla amaninzi kunokuba ziphumle.

Ngoxinzelelo lwexesha elifutshane, umzekelo, xa sizama ukubamba ibhasi, umzimba unako ukubonelela ngokukhawuleza amandla okwandisa kwiimisipha. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokufumaneka kwe-oxygen reserves, kunye nokuphendula kwe-anaerobic (ukuveliswa kwamandla ngokungabikho kwe-oksijeni). Isidingo samandla sanda kakhulu ngokusebenza okwexesha elide. Imisipha idinga i-oksijini engaphezulu ukubonelela nge-aerobic (ukuveliswa kwamandla okubandakanya oksijini). Imilinganiselo yansuku zonke yomsebenzi wenyama: yintoni na?

Umsebenzi weCardiac

Intliziyo yomntu ekuphumleni iyancitshiswa ngexesha eliqhelekileyo malunga neentsimbi ezingama-70-80 ngomzuzu. Ngomsebenzi wokwenyama, ubude (ukuya kwi-160 beats ngomzuzu) kwaye amandla okwanda kwentliziyo ayanda. Ngexesha elifanayo ukunyuka komzimba kumntu onempilo kunokunyusa ngaphezu kwesine, kunye nabadlali abaqeqeshiwe-phantse amaxesha amathandathu.

Umsebenzi we-Vascular

Ekuphumleni, igazi liphonywe ngentliziyo ngesantya malunga neelitha ezingama-5 ngomzuzu. Ngezenzo zomzimba, ijubane liphakama ukuya kuma-25 ukuya kweekitha nganye ngomzuzu. Ukwanda kwimizila yegazi kubonakala ngokugqithiseleyo kwimisipha yokusebenza, eyona nto ifunekayo kuyo. Oku kufezekiswa ngokunciphisa ukunikezelwa kwegazi kwezi ndawo ezingasebenzi phantsi kwelo xesha, kunye nokwandisa imithana yegazi, ebonisa ukuhamba okukhulu kwegazi kwiimisipha ezisebenza.

Umsebenzi wokuphefumula

Igazi elijikelezayo kufuneka libe ne-oxygenated ngokwaneleyo (oksijini), ngoko ke izinga lokuphefumula landa. Kule meko, imiphunga ibhetele izaliswe nge-oksijeni, eyangena egazini. Ngokuzikhandla ngokomzimba, izinga lokungena emoyeni kwimiphunga liyakhula ukuya kuma-lititha ezili-100 ngomzuzu. Oku kungaphezulu kokuphumla (6 ilitha ngomzuzu).

• Isixa semiphumo yenhliziyo kumgijimenti we-marathon singama-40% ngaphezu komntu ongafundile. Uqeqesho oluqhelekileyo lukhulisa ubungakanani benhliziyo kunye nomthamo wendawo. Ngexesha lomsebenzi wokwenyama, inqanaba lentliziyo (inani lemivimbo ngeminithi) kunye nomkhiqizo wenhliziyo (umthamo wegazi okhishwe yintliziyo kwiminithi eli-1) ukwanda. Oku kubangelwa ukwanda kwamanzi, okubangela ukuba intliziyo isebenze nzima.

Ukubuya okubuhlungu kwimihlaba

Umthamo wegazi obuyela enhliziyweni uphuculo:

• Ukunciphisa ukuxhatshazwa kwamascular kwi-muscle ubukhulu ngenxa ye-vasodilation;

Izifundo ezininzi ziye zenziwa ukufunda utshintsho kwinkqubo yokujikeleza ngexesha loqeqesho. Kuye kwabonakaliswa ukuba zihambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwintsebenzo yomzimba.

• ukunyakaza kwesifuba ngokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza, okubangela ukuba "isiphumo" siphumo;

• Ukunciphisa imifuno, eyenza ukukhawuleza ukuhamba kwegazi kwakhona entliziyweni. Xa ama-ventricles entliziyo azaliswe ngegazi, iindonga zayo zolule kwaye zivumelwano kunye namandla amakhulu. Ngaloo ndlela, intliziyo ikhupha ivolumu ekhulisa igazi.

Ngexesha loqeqesho, ukuhamba kwegazi kwiimisipha kwanda. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuhambisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngexesha le-oxygen kunye nezinye izondlo eziyimfuneko kubo. Ngaphambi kokuba izidumbu ziqale ukuvumelwano, ukuphuma kwegazi kuzo kuphuculwa yimpawu ezisuka kwingqondo.

Ukwandiswa kweVascular

Impembelelo yokukhathazeka yenkqubo ye-nervous sympathetic (cause expansion) yenze i-dilatation (ukwandiswa) kweempahla kwimisipha, okuvumela ukukhululeka kwegazi kuqhutywe kwiiseli zamasipha. Nangona kunjalo, ukwenzela ukuba kugcinwe iinqwelo kwilizwe elihlanjulweyo emva kokuphucula okuphambili, ukutshintshwa kwendawo kwimizimba elandelayo-ukwehla kwinqanaba le-oksijini, ukwanda kwinqanaba le-carbon dioxide kunye nezinye iimveliso ezixutywe ngenxa yenkqubo yezinto eziphilayo. Ukwanda kwendawo kwindleko ebushushu obangelwa yimveliso yokushisa eyongezelelweyo kunye nokuqhekeka kwemisipha kunceda negalelo le-vasodilation.

I-Vascular narrowing

Ukongeza kwiinguqu ngqo kwiimisipha, ukuzaliswa kwegazi kwamanye amathambo kunye nezitho kunciphisa, nto leyo imfuno encinane yokwandisa amandla ngexesha lomsebenzi. Kule mimandla, umzekelo, emathunjini, ukunciphisa imithana yegazi kuyagcinwa. Oku kubangela ukuhlengahlengwa kwegazi kule mimandla apho kuyona nto ifunekayo, ukubonelela ngegazi ukunyuka kwiimisipha kwimijikelezo elandelayo yegazi. Ngomsebenzi wokwenyama, umzimba udla i-oksijini engaphezulu kunezinye. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yokuphefumula kufuneka iphendule kwiimfuno zokwanda kwe-oksijini ngokunyusa umoya. Ukuphefumla ngexesha loqeqesho kukhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa akukho ndlela echanekileyo yokuphendula. Ukwandiswa kokusetyenziswa kwe-oksijeni kunye nokuveliswa kwe-carbon dioxide kubangela ukucasuka kwama-receptors okufumanisa utshintsho kwi-gas composition yegazi, leyo leyo ibangela ukuvuselela ukuphefumula. Nangona kunjalo, ukusabela komzimba kwisifo somzimba kubonakala kwangaphambili kunokuba utshintsho kwi-chemical composition of blood luya kubhalwa. Oku kubonisa ukuba kukho iindlela zokunika ingxelo ezithunyelweyo ezithumela umqondiso kwimiphunga ekuqaleni kokusebenza ngokomzimba, oko kwandisa izinga lokuphefumula.

Abamukeli

Ezinye iingcali zibonisa ukuba ukwanda kwamanani okushisa, okubonakalayo, ngokukhawuleza xa izihlunu ziqala ukusebenza, zivuselela ngokuphindaphindiweyo nokuphefumula. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela zokulawula ezisinceda ukudibanisa iimpawu zokuphefumula kunye nenani le-oksijini efunekayo ngenxa yeemisipha zethu zinikezelwa ngama-receptors amachiza asemacaleni kunye nemibhobho emikhulu. Ukulungiswa komzimba ngemisebenzi yomzimba, umzimba usebenzisa iindlela ezifana nezo ziqaliswe ngosuku olushushu ukuze lipholise, oku:

• ukwandiswa kweenqanawa zesikhumba - ukwandisa ukutshintshwa kobushushu kummandla wangaphandle;

• ukwanda kwe-sweating-sweat kuphuma kwi-skin, efuna iindleko zamandla ashushu;

• Ukunyuka kwempompo emiphakeni - ukushisa kukhishwa ngumoya ofudumeleyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-oksijini ngumzimba kubagijimi kunokunyuswa ngamaxesha angama-20, kwaye inani lokushisa likhutshwe lilingana ngokuthe ngqo ngokusetyenziswa kwe-oxygen. Ukuba ukuthunga ngosuku olushushu kunye nolumanzi alukwanele ukupholisa umzimba, imeko engxamisekileyo engabangela ukuba imeko ebungozi yobomi ekuthiwa yi-stroke yeshushu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, uncedo lokuqala kufuneka lukhawuleze ngokukhawuleza kokunciphisa ukushisa komzimba. Umzimba usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzipholisa ngexesha lomsebenzi. Ukwanda kwe-sweating kunye ne-pulmonary ventilation kunceda ukwandisa umbane.