Imisebenzi ebonakalayo kunye nokulungiswa kwabo kubantwana

Njengoko uyazi, umntwana akazalwanga ngombono we-100%. Ngokukhula komntu omncinci, imisebenzi ebonakalayo ikhula kwaye iphucule. Kwinkqubo yokuqonda kunye nokuqonda kwehlabathi elisijikelezayo ngokuncediswa kombono, sifunda ngombala wezinto ezahlukeneyo, ukuma kwazo kunye nobukhulu, kunye nendawo yabo yendawo kunye neqondo lokudeka kwethu okanye into ethile. Siyabulela kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, sibona ulwazi ngehlabathi elisijikelezayo.

Imisebenzi ebonakalayo ebonakalayo yile: ubuninzi obubonakalayo; kwintsimi yombono; imibala; imisebenzi ye-oculomotor; uhlobo lombono. Ukunciphisa kwanoma yimiphi imisebenzi ekhankanywe ngasentla ibangela ukuphulwa kweembono ezibonakalayo.

Ukuchithwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kubangela ukwehla kwisombululo kwamehlo, isantya, ukuchaneka, ukugqiba kweengcamango, ezikhokelela ekubuneni nasekunciphiseni ukuqwalaselwa kwemifanekiso nezinto. Ukugqithiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kubonakala, njengombandela, ngohlobo lwe-hyperopia, i-myopia, njenge-astigmatism (ulwaphulaphulo olubonakaliswe ngenguqu ekutshintsheni kwenkqubo ye-optical iso kwi-meridians eyahlukahlukeneyo).

Ubuninzi bokuphulwa kwemisebenzi yombala kubangela ukuvela kweengxaki ezahlukeneyo zokubona, ukungabikho kwamandla okuhlukanisa enye yemibala emithathu (obomvu, obomvu, obuluhlaza) okanye obangela umxube wembala ebomvu nebala.

Ukugqithisa kwemisebenzi ye- oculomotor kubangela ukuphambuka kwelinye iliso kwinqanaba lokulungisa eliqhelekileyo, elikhokelela kwi-strabismus.

Ukuchithwa kwemisebenzi yenkalo yombono kwenza kube nzima ukulinganisa, ukuthembeka kunye nokuguqulwa kokubona, okuthintela ukuqhelaniswa kwendawo.

Ubuninzi bokuphulwa kombono we- binocular of vision kubangela ukwehla kwikhono lokubona kwangoko ngamehlo amabini, kwaye kukuphazamisa ukuqonda kwento yonke, ekhokelela ekuphambukeni kwendawo, indawo ebonakalayo yokujonga umhlaba.

Ubunene bokukhanya bubonakala ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa komntwana. Ukukhanya kunempembelelo ekhuthazayo ekuphuhlisweni kwenkqubo yokubonwa komntwana, kwaye isebenza njengesiseko sokwenza yonke imisebenzi ebonakalayo.

Ukulungiswa kwabantwana bemisebenzi ebonakalayo kwenziwa kwiimpawu ezifanelekileyo, xa ukuphulwa kwamandla okubonakala komntwana kubonakala ngokuqinisekileyo. Ufanele ukwazi ukuba umbono ophakathi ubonakala kumntwana kuphela kwiinyanga ezintathu zobomi. Njengoko umntwana ekhula, kuphucula. Ubunono obubonakalayo obusana olusanda kuzalwa luphantsi kakhulu kwaye lu-0.005-0.015, emva kweenyanga eziliqela luya ku-0.01-0.03. Ngeminyaka emibili, ubuninzi bobuninzi obuphakathi kwe-0.2-0.3 kunye neminyaka eyi-6-7 kuphela (kwaye ngokweminye idatha kunye no-10-11) kufinyelela ku-0.8-1.0.

Ngokuhambelana nokuphuhliswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukubunjwa kwemisebenzi yokujonga imibala kwenzeka kwakhona. Njengomphumo wophando lwezenzululwazi, kubonakaliswe ukuba amandla okuhlukanisa umbala wokuqala ubonakala kwiinyanga ezi-2-6. Xa uneminyaka engama-4 ukuya kwemihlanu, umbala weembono kubantwana uphumelele kakuhle, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo liyaqhubeka nokuphucula.

Imida yendawo ebonwayo yabantwana bangaphambi kokufunda isikolo i-10% ephantsi kunabantu abadala. Uneminyaka engama-6 ukuya ku-7 bafikelela kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo.

Umsebenzi wombono we-binocular ukhula emva kwezinto zonke ezibonakalayo. Ndiyabulela kule misebenzi, ukuqikelelwa okuchanekileyo kokuchaneka kwendawo kwenziwa. Utshintsho olulungileyo ekuhlolweni kweengcamango zendawo lwenzeka kwiminyaka engama-2-7, ngelixa umntwana ekwazi ukuthetha nokuqonda ukucinga okungabonakaliyo.

Ukwenza uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lwezixhobo ezibonakalayo zomntwana, kubalulekile ukutyelela i-ophthalmologist yengane ngexesha. Kunconywa ukutyelela ugqirha eneminyaka engama-1-2 ukuya kwiinyanga (ukukhupha ukungaphumeleli okukhulu ekuphuhlisweni kwemisebenzi yamehlo) kunye neenyanga ezili-10-11 (xa utshintsho lwekhadi lwenzeka kwinguqu ekuboneni umntwana). Ngexesha elide ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu kubalulekile ukutyelela i-ophthalmologist kanye ngonyaka. Ukuba akukho zinkathazo zamehlo, kwangoko isheke esilandelayo senziwa kwimiba yesithandathu, ngaphambi kwesikolo, kwaye ihlolwe rhoqo ngexesha lokuwela iklasi. Kwiminyaka yesikolo, xa kunomthwalo ophezulu kwizinto ezibonakalayo zomntwana, iingcali zincoma ukujonga imisebenzi ebonakalayo kwiminyaka emibini.

Imisebenzi ebonakalayo kunye nokulungiswa kwabo - uhlalutyo olunzulu lwezixhobo ezibonakalayo, apho uvavanyo oluchanekileyo kunye nokhetho lwezonyango lubalulekile. Ngako oko, phambi kwayo nayiphi na ukuphambuka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana ingcali enekhono kwaye ulandele ngqo iziphakamiso, kunye nezicwangciso ezimiselweyo zokulungisa imisebenzi ebonakalayo yomntwana.