Awunelisekanga ngendlela okuthethwa ngayo ngumncinci wakho: isiqingatha seencwadi azingabonakaliyo, ukuphela kwamagama ukugubha, i-lisp. Kwaye awukwazi ukuba wenzeni na kwaye ngubani ozakuqhagamshelana naye kuqala. Kodwa impendulo efanelekileyo yinkwenkwezi yengqondo yengane. Ngulo ngcali onokukwazi ukuvavanya ngokukhawuleza ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo yomntwana, ukwahlula ulwimi oluqhelekileyo olunxulumene nolwimi oluvela kwiintetho zokuthetha, kwaye, ukuba lubona kuyimfuneko, thumela kwi-therapist.
Enye yeengcali ezibalulekileyo kunomntwana "yobudala" uthetha ngengcali yomlomo. Uyazi kakuhle indlela yokufundisa umntwana ukuba athethe ngokuchanekileyo. Abazali abaninzi bacinga ukuba: "Asikho isidingo sokuya kwintetho yomlomo. Ekugqibeleni, impilo yomntwana ayixhomekeke ekubeni uthetha incwadi "p" okanye ayikho. " Ewe, impilo yempilo ayixhomekeke. Kodwa intlalontle - isasa njalo. Emva kwakho konke, ngeli diction lihambelana ngqo nobudlelwane bokwakha kunye noontanga, ootitshala, kwaye ngoko nootitshala. Abazali kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba bazi izigaba zokuphuhlisa intetho yabantwana, ukuze ingxoxo kunye neengcali ibe nefuthe.
Kwiinyanga ezimbini, umntwana uqala isigaba sokuqala sokulungiselela ukuphuhlisa intetho. Ngokuqhelekileyo yokuqala emva kokulila ichaza izandi, ezipapashwe ngumntwana, kuthiwa yi-humming. Ukususela kwicala kunokubonakala ngathi umntwana uyacula. Kodwa lo ngumzamo wakhe wokuqala ukuthetha ngokuchanekileyo, intetho yakhe yokubam. Umntwana wokuqala ufunda izandi zevolumu (aa-y, y-yu), kamva, ukusuka kwiinyanga ezi-2-3, izandi ezilumkileyo (y-yu, m-ii) zidibeneyo kule ngoma, kwaye iikhalaya sele zithatha inxaxheba kulo, kodwa zidibene ngokuhlukahluka (u-eu-s, a-her).
Ngomhla wesi-4 INYANGA inkunzi iya kuba ngumalusi omncinci ovuthela umbhobho: al-le-lyy-lyu-ay. Ukuhamba okunjalo kwaye wanika igama elifanayo - ngendlela yombhobho. Iintsuku zokuqala zifutshane kakhulu, kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha zithembe ngakumbi kwaye zide. Ezi zandi azinalo nentsingiselo yentsingiselo, kodwa bathi umntwana uvakalelwa kakuhle kwaye ulungile.
KwiBhunga. Lona lixesha xa ufuna nje ukwandisa uxhulumaniso lwakho nomntwana, khuluma naye ixesha elide kunokwenzeka, uzame ukubiza izandi, ukuvuya, ukuhleka, ukuhleka. Kuyimfuneko ngoncedo lwezifundo ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuyiqwalasela ingqalelo, ngokuqinisekileyo ubiza ngamnye. Le yindlela kuphela yokufundisa umntwana ukuba athethe ngokuchanekileyo nangokucacileyo. Kodwa simele siqinisekise ukuba umntwana akagqithisi kwaye umnqweno wakhe wokunxibelelana awupheli.
Ukususela kwi-7-8 IMINYANGA inqanaba lokuthetha kwentetho liqala. Eli lixesha apho umntwana sele sele akwazi ukuxhuma igama aliva ngayo into ethile. Sele sele ekwazi ukuqonda ngokucacileyo izinto ezithethayo ngabantu abadala. Unokulandela ukuphendula komntwana kwi mibuzo: "Uphi uTata? Uphi inja? "- ngokuqinisekileyo uya kujikela ebusweni okanye into ebizwa ngokuba yiyo, umbonise umphathi kwaye ukhangele ngokucacileyo.
NGEMINYAKA YOKU-9-10 KWIMINYANGA, umntwana uyakwazi ukuzalisa izicelo ezilula: ukwenza "ladushki", ukutshintsha ipeni, ukunika ithoyilo. Sele sele eqonda intsingiselo yamagama athile achaza izenzo ngezinto, oko kukuthi, izenzi. Ngeenyanga ezili-10-11 umntwana uhlalutya kwi-intetho yamagama athi "kufuneka" kwaye "angabi", nokuba ngaba abizwa ngaphandle kombala ongokomzwelo. Ngokwexesha elifanayo, isitokisi samagama, intsingiselo yokuba iyaqondakala kumntwana, ifinyelela eziliqela eziliqela. Abantwana abaselula bayayazi amagama ezinxulumane, amagama asemaphandleni, amagama omzimba womzimba, amathoyizi kunye nezinto ezizungezile.
Inkulumo ekhutheleyo iphinda iphuhlise ngokukhawuleza: i-gulp iyajika ibe yinto yokubamba. Kwiinyanga ezi-7-8 umntwana uqala ukuthetha iilllab (ma-ma-ma, ewe-yebo-ewe). Ukususela kwiinyanga eziyi-8.5-9.5 zithathwa ngegama elithile elicacileyo, umntwana uqala ukuxelisa ezo izandi eziva ngaye. Umntwana uqala ukubiza izilwanyana ezifanayo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ukutshintsha iimbono kunye nokuvakalisa ukulandelana.
KwiBhunga. Ukuthetha nomntwana wale minyaka kuyadingeka kaninzi. Musa ukuvila ukubiza naye yonke into oyibonayo: abantu abakujikelezile, izilwanyana, naziphi na izenzo, ukuze ufundise umntwana ukuba aqonde kwaye emva koko ababize. Zama ukukhuthaza umntwana ukuba azalise izicelo zakho nemiyalelo: "Ndiphe ipeni", "Vula umlomo wakho." Kodwa ukutshintsha amagama akhoyo kunye nokulula kwamakhwenkwe ngexesha le ngxoxo akunakulungele. Ewe, kulula kakhulu ukuba athi "bibika" esikhundleni sokuba "umatshini", "am-am" endaweni yokutya ". Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuba uva into ethile! Yingakho thina, siqala ukuphulaphula nosana, sidibanisa kuphela, sinciphise ukuphuhliswa kwentetho yengqondo jikelele. Nceda umntwana wakho! Ukuvakalisa amagama ngokuchanekileyo nangokucacileyo. Ewe, kunjalo, kuyafaneleka xa ugwema amagama anzima kakhulu ukuwaqonda. Akuyimfuneko ukucacisa kumntwana ukuba phambi kwakhe "iWestheimland White Terrier" - ngokwaneleyo kuye kwaye "inja" kuphela.
Ukususela kwiinyanga ezili-10 umntwana uqala isigaba senkulumo yentetho. Kwaye uqala ngokuthetha ngamazwi okuqala. Njengomthetho, ezi zinto zilula amagama ezithandana, amagama ezizinto ezikufutshane. Ungalindelanga umntwana ukuba acacise ngokucacileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ukuba ikati likaBarsik nomkhuluwabo uBorya naiz umlomo womntwana uya kuzwakalisa okufanayo - Baka. Oku akuthethi ukuba umfana omncinci udibanisa umkhulu wakhe kunye nekati - kuphela iifowuni zakhe zokuthetha ixesha alifumaneki kwakhona.
Kuze kube isiqingatha sonyaka usana usebenzisa zonke izibizo ezaziwa kuye kuphela kwimeko yokutyunjwa. Kusasa kakhulu ukuthetha malunga nezenzi kunye nezinye iindawo zokuthetha. Kwaye nje ukufuphi kwimizuzu emibini nesiqingatha kukho iinzame zokuqala ukwakha amagama alula kakhulu anomntu onobumba: "Baba, nika." Ngeminyaka emibili, ixesha lokuqala lemibuzo liza: "Kuyini le nto?". Oku kubonisa ukuba umntwana unomdla kuphela kwigama lesifundo, kungekhona kwiipropati zayo. Amantombazana, ngendlela, ukuqonda intetho yezithuthi kunikwe lula kwaye kukhawuleza kunabantwana. Musa nje ukucinga ukuba oku kunento enokuyenza ngayo ngengqondo. Akunjalo.
Kubantwana besuka kunyaka ukuya kwisiqingatha kwiminyaka esesigxina kwi-30-40. Kule minyaka, iinjongo eziphambili zikhawuleza ukuba ziqonde ukuxhamla phakathi: inkunzi ngeminyaka kunye nesiqingatha iyayiqonda isigwebo esithetha kuyo.
KwiBhunga. Kubalulekile ukuba usebenze ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye ubize umntwana umntwana kunye nezinto eziphilayo, uchaze iimpawu zabo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezi zenzi, izichazi kunye nezinye iindawo zokuthetha. Ukuqwalasela iingqungquthela ezikhoyo phakathi kwazo, umzekelo: "Khangela, ikati itywala ubisi." Kubaluleke kakhulu kule minyaka ukufundisa umntwana ukuba enze izicelo eziyinkimbinkimbi: "Thatha ipensile", "Vula incwadi". Kubalulekile ukuhlawula ingqalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwentetho yakhe, efuna ukwandisa inani lamagama aqondwayo kwaye abizwa ngumntwana. Inani labo lifikelela kwiminyaka emibini nesiqingatha kwaye lifikelela kwimashumi mane, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya kwiminyaka emibini nesiqingatha lifikelela kumawaka amathathu. Kwaye ngoku sele kungekho izibizo kunye nezenzi kuphela, kodwa nezichazi, izivakalisi, ezinye iindawo zokuthetha. Into ephambili kukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana uthetha kakhulu. Nangona kuya kubonakaliswa kwizivakalisi ezimfutshane, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo kwakhiwe ngokusetyenziswa kwegrama.
NGOMNYAKA WESITHATHU, abantwana bayakwazi ukuthetha intetho yomntu omdala kunye nayo yonke imibala yayo kunye nemiyalezo ye-semantic. Ixesha liza kwiibinzana ukusuka kumagama ambalwa, amacandelwana angaphantsi, ukuqala kokusetyenziswa kwemibano kunye nezivakalisi, ezithetha ngokucacileyo malunga nokubunjwa kwehlabathi lomoya neengqondo zomntwana.
KwiBhunga. Ukusebenza ekuphuhliseni inkulumo yentetho yomntwana, kufuneka ufune ukuchithwa kwamagama okuchanekileyo. Makhe azame ukutshintsha iziphelo zabo, ukulungelelanisa amagama kwizivakalisi. Nangona umntwana exelela into, musa ukulibala ukuba uqaphele indlela ilizwi lakhe elichaza ngayo. Akusikho indawo yokubuza umbono wakhe malunga noko akathethayo. Maye kufakwe kumsebenzi wokucinga. Zama ukumkhuthaza ukuba enze izigwebo ezizimeleyo. Ngethuba lokunxibelelana naye, umntu kufuneka azame ukuthetha ulwimi olufanelekileyo, ukwenzela ukuba inkomo ifunde ngokukhawuleza ukwakha intetho yakhe ngokuchanekileyo.
Kwi-4-5 YEYAKA isigaba sokugqibela ekuphuhliseni ulwimi kuza. Lona lixesha xa abantwana banomdla wokuphulaphula amabali kunye namabali ngezifundo eziyinkimbinkimbi, bezama ukujonga isimo sabo sengqondo kubalinganiswa. Bayakwazi ukwakha amabinzana amade, ngokuchanekileyo eklanywe ngegrama, kwaye banako ukuvakalisa i-monologists eside.
KwiBhunga. Mthabatha umntwana kwiincwadi, funda kangangoko kunokwenzeka kuye, zama ukuqhuba imidlalo yabantwana, imisebenzi yabantwana. Oku kuya kusebenza ngokukhawuleza, kukufaka isandla ekuphuhliseni phambili intetho efanelekileyo.
FUNDA UKUFUNDA
Umsebenzi wengcali yokuthetha intetho kukunceda umntwana afunde ukuthetha ngokuchanekileyo, ukulahla ukukhubazeka kwentetho. Kwisifundo somntu ngamnye, intetho yeengcali ichaza kwaye ibonisa inkomo indlela yokufumana ulwimi, welula umlomo, uvule umlomo, uvelise izandi ezinengxaki.
INDLELA LEGOPEDE YENZA IZIFUNDO
Ngamaxesha onke kwiimvakalelo ezintle. Iingcali ziya kuzama ukuba nomdla kumntwana ngokusebenzisa izinto zomdlalo okanye ukhuphiswano. Ngendlela, unokuvuselela le mivakalelo emihle wena. Zama nje ukuba ube nedayari yentsana, eya kubonisa inkqubela yakhe. Musa nje ukulibala ukuwadumisa.
• Iiklasi zihlala zigcinwe phambi kwesibuko.
• Isifundo ngasinye sihlala malunga nemizuzu engama-15-20, kungekho kwakhona, njengoko umntwana usondele ngokukhathala aze alahlekelwe ngumdla.
• Kubalulekile ukubuza umntwana ngaphambi komsebenzi ngamnye ukuhlamba izandla ngokufanelekileyo, ukusika izikhonkwane kunye nokuzithathela iiphokhiti ezingenayo. Ngexesha lokuzilolonga, ulwimi lwentlungu elithambileyo aluthobeliyo, kwaye i-crumb iyithatha ngezandla ezingcolileyo, ngelixa likhangela kwaye lilimaza izipikili. I-Rankes inokutshiswa.
UKUSEBENZISWA KWENKCAZO YABANTWANA
LOCATION
Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwe-5. Izizathu eziphambili zokungazinzi kwenkqubo yeentlanzi kunye nokuvezwa kwengcinezelo (unyango olubi lwanyana, ukugula kakubi okanye ukwesaba okukhulu). Kunzima ukunyanga.
HLELA
Kule mpukelo, ukuvakalisa izandi kuphazamiseka. Ngokuqhelekileyo intetho iya kuba yecala ngokucacileyo ngeminyaka emihlanu. I-Dysplasia iyimishini kwaye isebenza. Okokuqala kuvela ukuba imoto yokuthetha ayilunganga ngokungalunganga. Isizathu sinokuba sisifo somntwana esakhiwe ngumlomo, umhlathi kunye nentlungu, "hare lip" okanye ukuphuhliswa kwemihlathi - "umlomo wempuphu".
Kwakhona, ukuphuhliswa kwe-dyslasia kunokuchaphazeleka ngombala olungalunganga ngenxa yokusebenzisa ixesha elide kakhulu (ingaphezu kweminyaka eli-1 ubudala) okanye umkhwa wokutshiza umunwe. I-dyslasia esebenzayo ingahlakulela ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo eyenziwe yintsimbi yezixhobo zokuthetha. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zezi zinto: ukuzondwa ngabantwana, ukungabikho koqhagamshelwano, ukuphuhliswa kokuvalelwa kweefono. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi ngxaki zixazululwa ngokulula emva kweeklasi kunye neengcali zokuthetha.
RINOLALYA
Ngamanye amaxesha umntwana ubhekene nesifo esinzima okanye esithambileyo, okanye usandul 'i-diphtheria. Kule mpukelo, umlambo womoya ovela kwi-larynx ngexesha lokuphuma kwiphunga lifika ekhaleni, kubangela ukuphulwa kwezwi nesandi. Ukuncedisa ugqirha wolwimi kule meko kuyimfuneko ukutyelela kokubili ngaphambi nangemva kokusebenza ukulungisa isiphoso.